Estudo do comportamento dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia (Ceará - Brasil) em atmosfera salina

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evolução geodinâmica e condicionamento estrutural dos terrenos Piancó-Alto Brígida e Alto Pajeú, domínio da zona transversal, NE do Brasil

This thesis aims to advance in the geological knowledge of the region comprising the Piancó-Alto Brígida (TPAB) and Alto pajeú (TAP) terranes, in the Transversal Zone Domain (Borborema Province, NE Brazil), with the main objective of understanding the geodynamic evolution and the structural framework of these units. To reach this objective, and besides field work and interpretation of traditional aerial photographs, other tools were employed like of remote sensing products (Landsat 7 ETM+, aeroradiometrics, aeromagnetics and topographical images), lithogeochemical (whole rock) analyses and geochronological dating (U-Pb in zircon), besides integration with literature data. In the area, several precambrian geological units outcrop, represented in the TAP by the paleoproterozoic Serra Talhada and Afogados da Ingazeira complexes, Riacho Gravatá Complex (metavolcano-sedimentary sequence of Stenian-Tonian age) and Cariris Velhos orthogneisses (of Tonian age). The TPAB comprises the Santana do Garrote (lower unit) and Serra do Olho d'Água (upper unit) formations of the Cachoeirinha Group (Neoproterozoic III), besides the Piancó orthogneisses and Bom Jesus paragneisses; the latter correspond to an older (basement ?) block and a possible high grade equivalent of the Cachoeirinha Group (or Seridó Group ?), respectively. Several Brasiliano-age plutons occur in both terranes.The aeromagnetic data show the continuity, at depth, of the main shear zones mapped in the region. The Patos, Pernambuco, Boqueirão dos Cochos, Serra do Caboclo, Afogados da Ingazeira/Jabitacá and Congo-Cruzeiro do Nordeste shear zones reach depths greater than to 6-16 km. The aeromagnetic signature of other shear zones, like the Juru one, suggests that these structures correspond to shallower crustal features. The satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) and aerogamaspectrometric images discriminate different geological units, contributing to the mapping of the structural framework of the region. The Serra do Caboclo Shear Zone was characterized as the boundary/suture between the TPAB and TAP. This structure is an outstanding, pervasive feature that separates contrasting geological units, such as the Neoproterozoic III Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB and the Riacho Gravatá Complex and the Cariris Velhos metaplutonics, of Stenian-Tonian age, in the TAP. Occupying different blocks, these units are not found in authoctonous relations, like unconformities and intrusive contacts. Concerning the Cariris Velhos (ca. 1,0 Ga old) event is recorded by radiometric ages of the Riacho Gravatá Complex metavolcanics and intrusive augen and orthogneisses, all of them displaying geochemical affinities of arc or collisional settings. A structural signature of this event was not recorded in the region, possibly due to its low grade/low strain style, obliterated by the overprinting of younger, higher grade/high strain Brasiliano-age fabrics.The first tectonic event (D1) observed in the Cariris Velhos lithotypes presents contractional kinematics with transport to the NW. Neoproterozoic III geochronologic dates, obtained in late-D1 granitoids, imply a Brasiliano age (ca. 610-600 Ma) for this deformation event. The second tectonic event (D2) characterized in the region corresponds to the Brasiliano transcurrent kinematics of the outstanding shear zones and associated granitoid plutons. The geochronological (U-Pb in zircon) data obtained during this thesis also confirms the occurrence of the Cariris Velhos magmatic suite in the TAP, as well as the Neoproterozoic III age to the Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB. The TAP (Riacho Gravatá Complex, augen and orthogneisses) is interpreted as a continental arc possibly accreted to a microcontinent during the Cariris Velhos (Stenian-Tonian) event. Later on, this terrane collided with the TPAB at the beginning of the Brasiliano orogeny (D1 contractional deformation), and both domins were reworked by the transcurrent shear deformation of the D2 event

Limites e evolução geodinâmica do Sistema Jaguaribeano, Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil

The studied area is geologically located in the Northern Domain of the Borborema Province (Northeast Brazil), limited to the south by the Patos shear zone. Terranes of the Jaguaribeano system are dominant, flanked by the Piranhas (E and S sides) and Central Ceará (NE side) terranes. Its basement comprises gneiss -migmatite terrains of Paleoproterozoic to Archean age (2.6 to 1.9 Ga old), overprinted by neoproterozoic to cambrian tectonotherma l events. Narrow supracrustal belts ( schist belts) display a 1.6 to 1.8 Ga age, as shown by whole - rock Rb-Sr and zircon U-Pb and Pb/Pb dates in acid metavolcanics which dominate in the lower section of these sequences, and in coeval metaplutonics (granitic augen gneisses). From the stratigraphic point of view, three Staterian belts are recognized: 1. Orós Belt - made up by the Orós Group, subdivided in the Santarém (predominantly pure to impure quartzites, micaschists and metacarbonates) and Campo Alegre (metandesites, metabasalts, metarhyolites and metarhyodacites, interlayered with metatuffs and metasediments) formations, and by the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite (granitic augen gneisses). 2. Jaguaribe Belt - its lithostratigrahic-lithodemic framework is similar to the one of the Orós Belt, however with a greater expression of the volcano -plutonic components (Campo Alegre Formation and Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite). The Peixe Gordo Sequence, separately described, is also related to this belt and contain s metasedimentary, metavolcanic (with subordinated volcanoclastics) and metaplutonic units. The first one correlated to the Orós Group and the latter the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite. 3. Western Potiguar Belt - represented by the Serra de São José Gro up, subdivided in the Catolezinho (biotite -amphibole gneisses with intercalations of metacarbonates, calcsilicate rocks, amphibolites and quartzite beds to the top) and Minhuins (quartzites, micaschists, metaconglomerates, calcsilicate rocks, acid to the b asic metavolcanics and metatuffs) formations. Its late Paleoproterozoic (Staterian) age was established by a Pb/Pb date on zircons from a granitic orthogneiss of the Catolezinho Formation. The petrographic characteristics and sedimentary structures of the Santarém Formation of the Orós Group point to deltaic to shallow marine depositional systems, overlain by deep water deposits (turbidites). The geodynamic setting of this region encompassed a large depositional basin, probably extending to the east of the Portalegre shear zone and west of the Senador Pompeu shear zone, with possible equivalents in the Jucurutu Formation of the Seridó Belt and in the Ceará Group of central Ceará. The Arneiróz Belt, west Ceará, displays some stratigraphic features and granito ids geochemically akin to the ones of the Orós Belt. The evolutionary setting started with an extensional phase which was more active in the eastern part of this domain (Western Potiguar and part of the Jaguaribe belts), where the rudite and psamite sedime ntation relates to a fluviatile rift environment which evolved to a prograding deltaic system to the west (Orós Group). The basaltic andesitic and rhyolitic volcanics were associated to this extensional phase. During this magmatic event, acid magmas also crystallized at plutonic depths. The Orós Group illustrates the environmental conditions in the western part of this domain. Later on, after a large time gap (1.6 to 1.1 Ga), the region was subjected to an extensional deformational episode marked by 900 Ma old (Sm-Nd data) basic rocks, possibly in connection with the deposition of the Cachoeirinha Group south of the Patos shear zone. In the 800 to 500 Ma age interval, the region was affected by important deformational and metamorphic events coupled with in trusion of granitic rocks of variable size (dykes to batholiths), related to the Brasiliano/Pan -African geotectonic cycle. These events produced structural blocks which differentiate, one from the other, according to the importance of anatectic mobilizatio n, proportion of high-grade supracrustals and the amount of neoproterozoic -cambrian granitoid intrusions. On this basis, a large portion of the Jaguaretama Block/Terrane is relatively well preserved from this late overprint. The border belts of the Jagua retama Block (Western Potiguar and Arneiroz) display kyanite-bearing (medium pressure) mineral associations, while in the inner part of the block there is a north-south metamorphic zoning marked by staurolite or sillimanite peak metamorphic conditions. Regarding the deformations of the Staterian supracrustal rocks, second and third phases were the most important, diagnosed as having developed in a progressive tectonic process. In the general, more vigorous conditions of PT are related to the interval tardi - phase 2 early-phase 3, whose radiometric ages and regional structuring indicators places it in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Cycle. In the Staterian geodynamic setting of Brazilian Platform , these sequences are correlated to the lower Espinhaço Supergroup (p.ex., Rio dos Remédios and Paraguaçu groups, a paleproterozoic rift system in the São Francisco Craton), the Araí and Serra da Mesa groups (north of Goiás, in the so -called Goiás Central Massif), and the Uatumã Group (in the Amazonian Craton). Granitic ( augen gneisses) plutonics are also known from these areas, as for example the A-type granites intrusive in the Araí and Serra da Mesa groups, dated at 1.77 Ga. Gravimetric and geological data place the limits of the Jaguaribeano System (terranes) along the Senador Pompeu Shear Zone (western border) and the Portalegre- Farias Brito shear zone (eastern and southern). However, the same data area not conclusive as regards the interpretation of those structures as suture of the terrane docking process. The main features of those shear zones and of involved lothological associations, appear to favour an intracontinental transpressional -transcurrent regime, during Neoproterozoic-Cambrian times, marking discontinuities along which different crustal blocks were laterally dispersed. Inside of this orogenic system and according to the magnetic data (total field map), the most important terrane boundary appears to be the Jaguaribe shear zone. The geochronological data, on some tectonostratigraphic associations (partly represented by the Ceará and Jucurutu groups), still at a preliminary level, besides the lack of granitic zonation and other petrotectonic criteria, do not allow to propose tectonic terrane assembly diagrams for the studied area

PANORAMA TÉCNICO - ECONÔMICO DO SETOR DE ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS NO BRASIL

O Brasil, destacado pela sua espetacular “geodiversidade”, já se coloca no grupo dos grandes produtores e exportadores mundiais do setor de rochas. Sua produção inclui granitos, ardósias, quartzitos, mármores, travertinos, pedra-sabão, serpentinitos, calcários, conglomerados, basaltos, gnaisses foliados e várias outras rochas, somando cerca de 6 milhões de t/ano e abrangendo 600 variedades comerciais, derivadas de 1.500 frentes de lavra. Os 18 arranjos produtivos locais (APL’s) do setor de rochas, identificados no Brasil, envolvem atividades mínero-industriais em 10 estados e 80 municípios, nas regiões Sudeste, Sul, Centro-Oeste, Norte e Nordeste. Mais amplamente, são registrados 370 municípios com recolhimento da CFEM (Compensação Financeira pela Exploração Mineral) para extração de rochas de revestimento. Estima-se a existência de 11.500 empresas do setor de rochas atuantes no Brasil, responsáveis pela geração de 120.000 empregos diretos e por um parque de beneficiamento com capacidade de serragem e polimento para 50 milhões m2/ano em granitos, mármores, travertinos, e de mais 40 milhões m2/ano para rochas de processamento simples, sobretudo ardósias, basaltos laminados, quartzitos e gnaisses foliados. As transações comerciais do setor nos mercados interno e externo, incluindo-se negócios com máquinas, equipamentos e insumos, movimentam cerca de US$ 2,5 bilhões/ano. As exportações do setor somaram US$ 429,4 milhões em 2003 e estão atendendo cerca de 90 países, destacando-se que o Brasil já é o principal fornecedor de granitos beneficiados para os EUA, além de ser o segundo maior exportador mundial de ardósias.

Geologia e petrografia da área Potiraguá, Bahia, Brasil

A área de Potiraguá, no sul do Estado da Bahia, é constituída geologicamente por rochas metamórficas pré-cambrianas de pelo menos três idades diferentes. Os granulitos da parte oriental, representados localmente por associações ácidas e intermediárias (enderbitos), são orientados segundo N-NE, com fortes mergulhos para W. Essas rochas têm idades superiores a 2,5 bilhões de anos. Aos granulitos parecem associados migmatitos e gnaisses que ocorrem em torno de Potiraguá. Na parte ocidental, quartzitos, quartzo-muscovita-xistos e gnaisses cataclásticos formam uma seqüência mais nova, que foi correlacionada às rochas do embasamento sul do Grupo Rio Pardo, datadas do Pré-Cambriano Superior. Ao sul da área, rochas carbonáticas fracamente metamórficas foram assumidas do Grupo Rio Pardo, cujo metamorfismo ocorreu a 470 milhões de anos. Anortositos formam um maciço alongado de direção N-S, encaixado em rochas granulíticas. São compostos principalmente de andesina-labradorita, augita, hiperstênio e olivina, apresentando todas as características dos anortositos que formam intrusões independentes em terrenos pré-cambrianos de diversas partes do mundo. Não foram encontradas evidências que pudessem relacionar os anortositos às rochas da série charnoquítica (granulitos). Três maciços alcalinos foram delimitados, alinhando-se na direção N-NW. A idade das rochas alcalinas de Potiraguá foi determinada, sendo da ordem de 765 milhões de anos, bastante mais antiga em relação as outras províncias alcalinas brasileiras. Petrograficamente, foram determinadas rochas da família dos nefelina-sienitos, com tipos de transição para os litchfielditos. Em muitos casos, sodalita substitui completamente a nefelina, formando os sodalita-sienitos. Pertita constituída de microclina e albita, nefelina, cancrinita, biotita, anfibólio e sodalita são os minerais mais difundidos nas rochas da área, enquanto esfeno é, sem dúvida, o mais importante dos minerais acessórios. As determinações químicas mostraram que são rochas pobres em sílica, cálcio e magnésio e ricas em sódio e potássio, tendo um caráter atlântico forte. Alguns diagramas de variação apontaram resultados em grande parte concordantes com uma origem a partir da cristalização de um magma basáltico, não existindo, entretanto, qualquer outra prova de que este tenha sido o processo genético envolvido. Sienitos e quartzo-sienitos ocorrem próximos às rochas alcalinas, havendo notável concordância estrutural entre os quartzo-sienitos da Serra das Araras e os nefelina-sienitos, tendo sido sugerido um relacionamento genético.

Maciços alcalinos do Itatiaia e de Passa Quatro (sudeste do Brasil): contribuição à Geologia e Petrologia

Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados de estudo geológico-petrográfico da província alcalina Itatiaia-Passa Quatro, localizada na Serra da Mantiqueira, nos limites dos Estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Esta região já foi mencionada como exemplo de uma das maiores ocorrências de rochas sieníticas, com área de aproximadamente 1.300 km2, conforme estimativa de Lamego 45. De acordo com os dados do mapa geológico elaborado durante as nossas pesquisas a área de rochas alcalinas é estimada em 330 km2, correspondendo a menos da metade da extensão do maciço alcalino de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Do total desta área, o maciço do Itatiaia compreende 220 km2 e o Passa Quatro 110 km2. Ambos os corpos de rochas alcalinas são de contorno elíptico, sendo que o do Itatiaia tem seu maior eixo, com 31 km, na direção NW-SE e o menor, com 12 km, na direção NE-SW. O maciço de Passa Quatro possui o maior eixo na direção NE-SW e o menor na direção NW-SE, respectivamente com 17 e com 8 km de extensão. O complexo alcalino do Itatiaia é formado de sienitos, foiaítos, quartzo-sienitos e brechas. A existência dos diferentes tipos petrográficos é mais uma consequência da distribuição dos minerais em proporções variáveis, bem como de modificações na textura, do que das diferenças mineralógicas. Principalmente na área do planalto, onde afloram os quartzo-sienitos, há uma transição gradual de rochas saturadas e supersaturadas. Assim é que os teores de quartzo aumentam gradativamente de 2% nos quartzo sienitos em contato com as brechas, a mais de 5% nos nordmarkitos, e atingem o máximo de 27,5% no granito alcalino que aflora na parte central do maciço. Os quartzo-sienitos que afloram mais ou menos na região central do maciço alcalino, devem representar a fase final da diferenciação magmática. A textura granofirítica, frequente nos quartzo-sienitos e no granito alcalino do Itatiaia, ) sugerem cristalização final em cúpula de sistema fechado. O contato das rochas sieníticas, na maior parte da área, é com gnaisses pré-cambrianos, com orientação predominante N-NE, mergulhando para o sul. A sudeste, o maciço do Itatiaia está em contato pouco nítido com sedimentos clásticos pertencentes à bacia terciária (?) de Resende e com talus mais recentes que possivelmente recobrem rochas do embasamento cristalino. As brechas magmáticas do Itatiaia mostram variações quanto à natureza, forma e dimensões dos fragmentos, quanto à relação quantitativa matriz-fragmentos e consequentemente quanto à cor. Além das brechas magmáticas, em algumas zonas ocorrem brechas monolitológicas de origem tectônica. Para a gênese das rochas alcalinas é admitida uma provável diferenciação a partir do magma basáltico, responsável pela grande atividade vulcânica do Mesozóico, que se estendeu sobre enorme área ao sul do continente. Por outro lado, é também ressaltada a importância do ambiente tectônico nestes eventos. Os halos pleocróicos evidenciados em cristais de biotita de alguns dos sienitos e foiaítos do Itatiaia, possivelmente se originaram em biotita primariamente ligada ao magma alcalino. Na província alcalina Itatiaia-Passa Quatro há ocorrências de bauxito, algumas das quais já em exploração como fonte de matéria prima para a produção de sulfato de alumínio.

Geologia da região do Itatiaia (Sudeste do Brasil): morfologia e tectônica

No presente trabalho apresentamos o resultado das pesquisas geológicas efetuadas na província alcalina do Itatiaia. Decorridos 25 anos após o trabalho de LAMEGO (23) houve considerável avanço no conhecimento dos maciços alcalinos; a melhoria nas condições de acesso ao corpo intrusivo possibilitou-nos a coleta de novas informações sobre aquela região. Dada a grande extensão da área, o relevo acentuado e a floresta densa, o nosso trabalho constou da elaboração de um mapa geológico na escala 1:50.000 e coleta de dados estruturais e morfológicos de natureza geral, sem a possibilidade de nos aprofundarmos nos detalhes. Do ponto de vista da geologia regional, foram tiradas algumas conclusões interessantes: a) As rochas alcalinas não ocorrem além das imediações da cidade de Passa Quatro, contrariamente ao que se imaginava. b) Não foi confirmada a existência de rochas alcalinas na serra da Bocaina, mencionadas por DERBY (11). c) As rochas alcalinas, dadas por LAMEGO (23) como um corpo único, na realidade formam 2 corpos distintos: maciço de Passa Quatro e maciço do Itatiaia, conforme indicação de AB’SABER e BERNARDES (1). d) A área de 1450 km2 assinalada por LAMEGO (23) para as intrusivas, ficou reduzida a menos da quarta parte, ou seja, 330 km2. Na fase preliminar dos trabalhos de campo, fizemos algumas observações macroscópicas das rochas mais representativas da província alcalina: gnaisses do embasamento, rochas intrusivas dos corpos alcalinos (Itatiaia, Passa Quatro e Morro Redondo) e sedimentos clássicos senozóicos da Bacia de Resende do Rio Paraíba. O maciço do Itatiaia foi o objeto principal das nossa pesquisas, e a ele dedicamos a maior parte da intrusão, foram anotados importantes elementos morfológicos e climáticos, bem como aquele ligados aos fenômenos do processo intrusivo: diques, xenólitos, etc. Dentre os tipos litológicos) mapeados, a brecha magmática de conduto mereceu d observações mais pormenorizadas. São 10 km2 de rochas alcalinas de granulação fina, apresentando concentrações locais de fragmentos de rochas alcalinas trituradas. Parece-nos que está ligada à fase final da consolidação do maciço e ao provável abatimento do topo da intrusão. As grandes estruturas do relevo, principalmente na zona do planalto, refletem a influência de falhamentos e de intenso diaclasamento. Cristas, estruturas arqueadas e vales tectônicos condicionam as formas do relevo e o comportamento da drenagem. No estudo da tectônica regional do sudeste brasileiro, procuramos discutir as ideias de CLOOS e ARGAND, que postulam um determinismo estrutural do escudo pré-cambriano sobre as feições mais modernas. Os levantamentos epirogenéticos são dados como causadores de derrames basálticos e da evolução do magma alcalino. Mesmo os falhamentos cretáceo-terciários, que deram origem ao vale do Paraíba e afetarm as rochas alcalinas, talvez estejam solidários com as linhas de fraqueza do pré-cambriano. A intrusão magmática do Itatiaia, considerada como jura-cretácea, certamente ganhou o seu espaço através do deslocamento do seu teto através de falhas verticais do escudo cristalino. No seu resfriamento diferenciou-se uma fração rica em sílica, dando origem ao quartzo-sienito que hoje ocupa a parte central do corpo do maciço. A área rebaixada do planalto e a grande estrutura anelar foram por nós interpretadas como consequência de uma fase de colapso, ligada talvez à intrusão da brecha magmática; porém, não foi assinalada a ocorrência dos diques anelares que habitualmente se associam aos fenômenos de abatimento. Falhamentos pós-intrusivos ressaltaram morfologicamente as rochas alcalinas, afetando a área do planalto e o flanco sul da intrusão, propiciando a formação de espesso depósito de tálus dentro do Vale do Paraíba. O problema das formas do relevo do planalto, para muitos, tomadas como evidências de fenômenos glaciais de altitude durante o Pleistoceno, foi por nós discutido nos seus pontos essenciais. Os fatores climáticos foram considerados de importância secundária, pois os elementos tectônicos são os responsáveis pelos aspectos principais da morfologia.

Petrologia e geocronologia U-Pb do plúton granítico Serra da Rajada, porção central do domínio Rio Piranhas - Seridó, Província Borborema, NE do Brasil

The ediacaran plutonic activity related to the Brasilian/Pan-African orogeny is one of the most important geological features in the Borborema Province, represented along its extension by numerous batholiths, stocks, and dikes.The object of this study, the Serra Rajada Granitic Pluton (SRGP), located in the central portion of the Piranhas-Seridó River Domain is an example of this activity. This pluton has been the subject of cartographic, petrographic, geochronological and lithogeochemical studies and its rocks were characterized by two facies. First, the granitic facies were described as monzogranites consisting of K-feldspar, plagioclase (oligoclase - An23-24%), quartz and biotite (main mafic) and opaque minerals such as titanite, allanite, apatite, and zircon as accessories. Alteration minerals are chlorite, white mica and carbonate. Second, the dioritic facies consist of rocks formed by quartz diorite containing plagioclase (dominant mineral phase), quartz and K-feldspar. Biotite and amphibole are the dominant mafic minerals; and titanite, opaque minerals, allanite, zircon and apatite are the accessories. However, previous geological mapping work in the region also identified the presence of other lithostratigraphic units. These were described as gneisses and migmatites with undifferentiated amphibolite lenses related to the Caicó Complex (Paleoproterozoic) and metasedimentary rocks of the Seridó Group (Neoproterozoic) composed of paragneiss with calc-silicate lenses, muscovite quartzite and biotite schist (respectively, the Jucurutu formations, Equador and Seridó), the host rocks for the SRGP rocks. Leucomicrogranite and pegmatite dikes have also been identified, both related to the end of the Ediacaran magmatism and colluvial- eluvial and alluvial deposits related to Neogene and Quaternary, respectively. Lithogeochemical data on the SRGP granite facies, highlighted quite evolved rocks (SiO2 69% to 75%), rich in alkalis (Na2O+K2O ≥ 8.0%), depleted of MgO (≤ 0.45%), CaO (≤ 1.42%) and TiO2 (≤ 0.36%) and moderate levels of Fe2O3t (2.16 to 3.53%). They display transitional nature between metaluminous and peraluminous (predominance of the latter) with sub-alkaline/monzonitic (High K calcium-alkali) affinity. Harker diagrams show negative correlations for Fe2O3t, MgO, and CaO, indicating mafic and plagioclase fractionation. REE spectrum shows enrichment of LREE relative to heavy REE (LaN/YbN = 23.70 to 10.13), with negative anomaly in the Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.70 to 0.23), suggesting fractionation or accumulation in the feldspars source (plagioclase). Data integration allows to correlate the SRGP rocks with those described as Calcium-Alkaline Suite of equigranular High K. The crystallization conditions of the SRGP rocks were determined from the integration of petrographic and lithogeochemical data. These data indicated intermediate to high conditions of ƒO2 (mineral paragenesis titanite + magnetite + quartz), parent magma saturated in H2O (early biotite crystallization), tardi-magmatic processes of fluids rich in ƒCO2, H2O and O2 causing part of the mineral assembly to change (plagioclase carbonation and saussuritization, biotite chloritization and opaques Sphenitization). Thermobarometrical conditions were estimated based on geochemical parameters (Zr and P2O5) and CIPW normative minerals, with results showing the liquidus minimum temperature of about800°C and the solidus temperature of approximately 700°C. The final/minimum crystallization pressure are suggested to be between 3 and 5 Kbar. The presence of zoned minerals (plagioclase and allanite) associated with lithogeochemical data in bi-log diagrams for Rb vs. Ba and Rb vs. Sr suggest the role of fractional crystallization as the dominant process in the magmatic evolution of SRGP. U-Pb Geochronological and Sm-Nd isotope studies indicated, respectively, the crystallization age of biotite monzogranite as 557 ± 13 Ma, with TDM model age of 2.36 Ga, and εNd value of -20.10 to the crystallization age, allowing to infer paleoproterozoic crustal source for the magma.

Petrologia e geocronologia U-Pb do plúton granítico Serra da Rajada, porção central do domínio Rio Piranhas - Seridó, Província Borborema, NE do Brasil

The ediacaran plutonic activity related to the Brasilian/Pan-African orogeny is one of the most important geological features in the Borborema Province, represented along its extension by numerous batholiths, stocks, and dikes.The object of this study, the Serra Rajada Granitic Pluton (SRGP), located in the central portion of the Piranhas-Seridó River Domain is an example of this activity. This pluton has been the subject of cartographic, petrographic, geochronological and lithogeochemical studies and its rocks were characterized by two facies. First, the granitic facies were described as monzogranites consisting of K-feldspar, plagioclase (oligoclase - An23-24%), quartz and biotite (main mafic) and opaque minerals such as titanite, allanite, apatite, and zircon as accessories. Alteration minerals are chlorite, white mica and carbonate. Second, the dioritic facies consist of rocks formed by quartz diorite containing plagioclase (dominant mineral phase), quartz and K-feldspar. Biotite and amphibole are the dominant mafic minerals; and titanite, opaque minerals, allanite, zircon and apatite are the accessories. However, previous geological mapping work in the region also identified the presence of other lithostratigraphic units. These were described as gneisses and migmatites with undifferentiated amphibolite lenses related to the Caicó Complex (Paleoproterozoic) and metasedimentary rocks of the Seridó Group (Neoproterozoic) composed of paragneiss with calc-silicate lenses, muscovite quartzite and biotite schist (respectively, the Jucurutu formations, Equador and Seridó), the host rocks for the SRGP rocks. Leucomicrogranite and pegmatite dikes have also been identified, both related to the end of the Ediacaran magmatism and colluvial- eluvial and alluvial deposits related to Neogene and Quaternary, respectively. Lithogeochemical data on the SRGP granite facies, highlighted quite evolved rocks (SiO2 69% to 75%), rich in alkalis (Na2O+K2O ≥ 8.0%), depleted of MgO (≤ 0.45%), CaO (≤ 1.42%) and TiO2 (≤ 0.36%) and moderate levels of Fe2O3t (2.16 to 3.53%). They display transitional nature between metaluminous and peraluminous (predominance of the latter) with sub-alkaline/monzonitic (High K calcium-alkali) affinity. Harker diagrams show negative correlations for Fe2O3t, MgO, and CaO, indicating mafic and plagioclase fractionation. REE spectrum shows enrichment of LREE relative to heavy REE (LaN/YbN = 23.70 to 10.13), with negative anomaly in the Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.70 to 0.23), suggesting fractionation or accumulation in the feldspars source (plagioclase). Data integration allows to correlate the SRGP rocks with those described as Calcium-Alkaline Suite of equigranular High K. The crystallization conditions of the SRGP rocks were determined from the integration of petrographic and lithogeochemical data. These data indicated intermediate to high conditions of ƒO2 (mineral paragenesis titanite + magnetite + quartz), parent magma saturated in H2O (early biotite crystallization), tardi-magmatic processes of fluids rich in ƒCO2, H2O and O2 causing part of the mineral assembly to change (plagioclase carbonation and saussuritization, biotite chloritization and opaques Sphenitization). Thermobarometrical conditions were estimated based on geochemical parameters (Zr and P2O5) and CIPW normative minerals, with results showing the liquidus minimum temperature of about800°C and the solidus temperature of approximately 700°C. The final/minimum crystallization pressure are suggested to be between 3 and 5 Kbar. The presence of zoned minerals (plagioclase and allanite) associated with lithogeochemical data in bi-log diagrams for Rb vs. Ba and Rb vs. Sr suggest the role of fractional crystallization as the dominant process in the magmatic evolution of SRGP. U-Pb Geochronological and Sm-Nd isotope studies indicated, respectively, the crystallization age of biotite monzogranite as 557 ± 13 Ma, with TDM model age of 2.36 Ga, and εNd value of -20.10 to the crystallization age, allowing to infer paleoproterozoic crustal source for the magma.

Geologia, petrologia, geocronologia e mineralizações sulfetadas do complexo ézio, província mineral de carajás, Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2015.

Homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos sistemas educacionais: Argentina, Brasil, Chile e México

This study focus on the reconfiguration of educational management in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, which was promoted by the new logic of social regulation and the new role attributed to the State, considering each country's own historicity. So, the cultural factors that interfere on the dynamics of the 90' school reform are analyzed. Aspects that show the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these reforms in the region, as well as local specificities that block out the concretization of the reform are underlined. It is shown that the historicity that characterizes the educational reform has taken, in each country, a form that can be called, in Mexico, conservative rupture; in Chile, conservative continuity; in Brazil, conservative renovation; and, in Argentina, interrupted rupture. Some conclusions about the impact of educational reform in the selected countries are recuperated through the analysis of 186 academic texts on the subject.

Políticas sociais de atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes no Brasil

This article analyses the emergence and development of social policies for children and adolescents attendance that are in line with the development process of the Brazilian social protection system, focusing on some of the main representations attributed to childhood, according to the historical and political periods. It seeks to present the notion of childhood instituted under the constitution of the Brazilian welfare state, in such a way as to place it within the broader context of the historical and political transformations that involved the emergence and consolidation of the social policies directed towards children and adolescents in Brazil in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.

Reflexão sobre alguns desafios do ensino médio no Brasil hoje

The purpose of this article is to develop some ideas that may contribute to the debate about the secondary education in Brazil, giving emphasis to the conditions existing in the educational institutions, the ongoing educational policies and the challenges posed by the social, economic and political reality of the country. It is also discussed the political, social and economic importance of the expansion and the compulsory character of secondary education as well as the school's culture dimension, in its relationship to the so-called knowledge society. Finally, the role of secondary education for the youth and the new demands it poses for teachers are presented, among some others aspects.

Governamentalidade democrática e ensino de Filosofia no Brasil contemporâneo

This article takes the concepts of biopower and governmentality as the starting point for an analysis of certain recent Brazilian government documents about the introduction of Philosophy as a subject in secondary school. In the 1980s, this argument centered on Philosophy's so-called criticism and its potential for preparing citizens for a democratic society, was used by the movements aimed to restore democracy in Brazil. This argument appears to have been assimilated by the Brazilian government, because it is stated in the Guidelines and Bases of Education Law, secondary school students should demonstrate knowledge of philosophy necessary for the exercise of citizenship. The argument also appears in documents such as the PCN and PCN+ (National Curricular Parameters) and OCEM (Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary School) in their chapters on Philosophy. These documents are examined here in the light of governmentality, making explicit how Philosophy is equipped to train young people according to what is understood as a modern democratic society.

Organização de pesquisa no Brasil: lições do passado, propostas para o futuro

Chemical research in Brazil has grown significantly in the past 20 years, largely thanks to the Brazilian S&T Development Program of the federal government (PADCT). However, the newly achieved levels of highly qualified manpower and research infra-structure require new research organization frameworks to make science, technology and innovation really useful and meaningful for the citizens. The current requirements for creating viable networks of academic and industry researchers are presented and discussed as well as some structural and procedural bottlenecks that have to be eliminated, to achieve maximum high-quality science, technology and relevant innovation output.