Valutazione sperimentale dell'influenza del rapporto lunghezza/diametro sulla resistenza di giunti incollati tramite adesivo anaerobico

I giunti ibridi sono impiegati in molte applicazioni meccaniche, avendo molti vantaggi, tra i quali quello di aumentare il carico trasferibile. Ci sono state ricerche in merito, le quali hanno valutato la dipendenza della resistenza a taglio di questi giunti rispetto a numerose variabili. Abbiamo poche informazioni, però, sulla dipendenza rispetto all'ER (Engagement Ratio, rapporto tra lunghezza e diametro di accoppiamento). Con questo lavoro la si vuole studiare nel caso di accoppiamenti con gioco in presenza di adesivo, considerando quattro livelli di ER. Per questo sono state effettuate prove di spiantaggio su pin e collar, dalle quali è risultata la presenza di una possibile dipendenza tra le due grandezze, seppur minima.

Influenza del rapporto lunghezza/diametro sulla resistenza a taglio in temperatura di giunti incollati tramite adesivo epossidico

Studio dell'influenza del rapporto d'aspetto (lunghezza/diametro) sulla resistenza a taglio di un giunto incollato tramite adesivo epossidico in temperatura. Sono stati utilizzati quattro diversi rapporti d'aspetto e il materiale è un acciaio C40. Sono state eseguite prove di spiantaggio su diversi "pin" e "collar" e poi elaborati i dati con una metodologia statistica. La temperatura in questione è di 60 gradi e lo studio analizza se il rapporto d'aspetto ha influenza o meno sulla resistenza a taglio dell'adesivo epossidico.

Simulazione numerica di giunzioni incollate in materiali compositi : valutazione degli effetti di bordo

Sviluppo di uno studio numerico, tramite metodo agli elementi finiti (FEM), sull'effetto di bordo in giunti incollati a sovrapposizione semplice (unsupported single-lap joints). E’ stata implementata l’analisi numerica di provini standard da normativa relativa a test sperimentali, per giunzioni tra lamine metalliche e tra materiali compositi in fibre di carbonio/matrice epossidica (CFRP). E’ stato cercata la geometria del bordo dello strato adesivo che potrebbe garantire una maggiore resistenza del giunto.

Valutazione numerica del comportamento meccanico di giunzioni incollate

Studio su giunti incollati attraverso il metodo agli elementi finiti (FEM). E’ stata implementata l’analisi numerica su provini seguendo lo standard della normativa ASTM International relativa a prove sperimentali, per giunzioni di lamine in metallo o in materiale composito. Si è introdotto il materiale composito, cercando di inquadrarne le proprietà, i limiti e i vantaggi rispetto ai materiali tradizionalmente usati, sono stati elencati i difetti che possono nascere e svilupparsi in un composito durante la sua vita operativa, i quali, anche se di piccole dimensioni, a volte possono risultare tanto pericolosi da portare al collasso dell’intera struttura. Nasce, quindi, durante la fase di progettazione la necessità di rilevare, caratterizzare e tenere sotto controllo i danni e considerare i materiali non completamente esenti da difetti. Si è parlato, poi, del processo di riparazione, ove possibile, come alternativa alla sostituzione del componente con un notevole risparmio sui costi di manutenzione. Sono stai presi in esame i vari metodi effettuando un confronto tra essi. Per questo lavoro di tesi, è stato preso in esame l’incollaggio come metodo di fissaggio tra la membrana riparata e la struttura esistente e ne è stata descritta la teoria. Dopo questa panoramica si è passati alla verifica sugli incollaggi attraverso le analisi FEM.

Motivating blue-collar employees : a case study of the Chinese workforce

The Katz and Kahn (1978) motivational framework is an open system management theory that underscores the importance of self-regulation while stressing the significance of using continuous feedback to adapt in a rapidly changing environment. This study aims to examine Katz and Kahn’s prepositions that the implementation of a system of rule compliance, external rewards, and internalized motivation can decrease employee turnover, increase quantitative and qualitative standards of performance, and enhance cooperation and creativeness. The results among 233 Chinese employees (96.6% response rate) indicated partial support for Katz and Kahn’s motivational framework. The implication for improving the Chinese workforce, in particular blue-collar occupations, is discussed.

Validation of a food behavior questionnaire for male blue collar workers

During nutrition intervention programs, some form of dietary assessment is usually necessary. This dietary assessment can be for: initial screening; development of appropriate programs and activities; or, evaluation. Established methods of dietary assessment are not always practical, nor cost effective in such interventions, therefore an abbreviated dietary assessment tool is needed. The Queensland Nutrition Project developed such a tool for male Blue Collar Workers, the Food Behaviour Questionnaire, consisting of 27 food behaviour related questions. This tool has been validated in a sample of 23 men, through full dietary assessment obtained via food frequency questionnaires and 24 hour dietary recalls. Those questions which correlated poorly with the full dietary assessment were deleted from the tool. In all, 13 questions was all that was required to distinguish between high and low dietary intakes of particular nutrients. Three questions when combined had correlations with refined sugar between 0.617 and 0.730 (p<0.005); four questions when combined had correlations with dietary fibre as percentage of energy of 0.45 (p<0.05); five questions when combined had a correlation with total fat of 0.499 (p<0.05); and, 4 questions when combined had a correlation with saturated fat of between 0.451 and 0.589 (p<0.05). A significant correlation could not be found for food behaviour questions with respect to dietary sodium. Correlations for fat as a function of energy could not be found.

Green criminology and dirty collar crime

As a contribution to literature drawing together green criminology and studies of organised and corporate crime, this paper provides a case study of crimes and public health harms linked to the Naples garbage disposal crisis. The context is the inability of modern consumer society to cope with the problem of mass production of waste. In turn this leads to opportunities for both legal and criminal entrepreneurs to offer services that promise but fail to ‘dispose’ of the problem. The analysis draws upon environmental law and classic studies of organised crime.

Dirty collar crime and the environment

In 2010, Vincent Ruggiero and Nigel South coined the term ‘dirty collar crime’ to define corporate entrepreneurs that monopolise waste disposal companies and profit from illegal environmental activities. This paper explores the ways in which ‘the environment’ has become big business for organised criminal enterprises. It draws on original fieldwork conducted in Italy and examines the exploits of the ‘eco mafia’. It concludes that the fluidity associated with term ‘environment’ and its cavalier usage in political and public discourse creates ambivalence for regulation and protection. Whilst trade continues to assert an international priority within the landscapes of global economics and fiscal prosperity; organized environmental crime takes advantage of growing markets. As a result, movements of environmental activism emerge as the new front in the surveillance, regulation and prosecution of organised environmental crime. Such voices must continue to be central to future green criminological perspectives that seek environmental, ecological and species justice.

Analysis of a finite composite plate with smooth rigid pin

A continuum method of analysis is presented in this paper for the problem of a smooth rigid pin in a finite composite plate subjected to uniaxial loading. The pin could be of interference, push or clearance fit. The plate is idealized to an orthotropic sheet. As the load on the plate is progressively increased, the contact along the pin-hole interface is partial above certain load levels in all three types of fit. In misfit pins (interference or clearance), such situations result in mixed boundary value problems with moving boundaries and in all of them the arc of contact and the stress and displacement fields vary nonlinearly with the applied load. In infinite domains similar problems were analysed earlier by ‘inverse formulation’ and, now, the same approach is selected for finite plates. Finite outer domains introduce analytical complexities in the satisfaction of boundary conditions. These problems are circumvented by adopting a method in which the successive integrals of boundary error functions are equated to zero. Numerical results are presented which bring out the effects of the rectangular geometry and the orthotropic property of the plate. The present solutions are the first step towards the development of special finite elements for fastener joints.

Elastic analysis of pin joints in plates under some combined pin and plate loads

Joints are primary sources of weakness in structures. Pin joints are very common and are used where periodic disassembly of components is needed. A circular pin in a circular hole in an infinitely large plate is an abstraction of such a pin joint. A two-dimensional plane-stress analysis of such a configuration is carried out, here, subjected to pin-bearing and/or biaxial-plate loading. The pin is assumed to be rigid compared to the plate material. For pin load the reactive stresses at the edges of the infinite plate tend to zero though their integral over the external boundary equals to the pin load. The pin-hole interface is unbonded and so beyond some load levels the plate separates from the pin and the extent of separation is a non-linear function of load level. The problem is solved by inverse technique where the extent of contact is specified and the causative loads are evaluated directly. In the situations where combined load is acting the separation-contact zone specification generally needs two parameters (angles) to be specified. The present report deals with analysing such a situation in metallic (or isotropic) plates. Numerical results are provided for parametric representation and the methodology is demonstrated.

Pin-Loaded Holes in Large Orthotropic Plates

Pin-loaded holes commonly occur in engineering structures. However, accurate analysis of such holes presents formidable difficulties because of the load-dependent contact of the pin with the plate. Significant progress has recently been achieved in the analysis of holes in isotropic plates. This paper develops a simple and accurate method for the partial contact analysis of pin-loaded holes in composites. The method is based on an inverse formulation that seeks to determine loads in a given contact-separation configuration. A unified approach for all types of fit was used. Continuum solutions were obtained for infinitely large plates of various typical orthotropic properties with holes loaded by smooth rigid pins. These solutions were then compared with those for isotropic plates. The effects of orthotropy and the type of fit were studied through load-contact relationships, distribution of stresses and displacements, and their variation with load. The results are of direct relevance to the analysis and design of pin joints in composite plates.

A large orthotropic plate with misfit pin under arbitrarily oriented biaxial loading

The problem of misfit (interference or clearance) pin in a large orthotropic plate was solved earlier by the authors for biaxial loading in the principal directions of orthotropy. Here, a more general case of arbitrarily oriented loading is considered. The most important aspect of the problem studied is the partial contact at the pin-hole interface. The solution is obtained by extending the use of ‘inverse technique’ which was successfully applied earlier by the authors to problems of pins in isotropic and orthotropic domains. The loss of symmetry because of the arbitrary orientation of loading makes the problem more complex. Additional parameters are then involved in the inversion of the problem for the solution. Numerical results are presented primarily for a smooth interference fit pin in a typical orthotropic plate.