1000 resultados para Geração de malha


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Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de técnicas para a modelagem paramétrica e geração de malhas de superfícies para uso em sistemas de análise e simulações numéricas pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos. Foram desenvolvidos algoritmos para a geração paramétrica de superfícies, para a determinação das curvas de interseções entre superfícies e para a geração de malhas em superfícies curvas e recortadas. Foram implementas linhas e curvas paramétricas básicas, a partir das quais são geradas superfícies paramétricas de vários tipos que proporcionam uma grande flexibilidade de modelamento geométrico. Curvas e superfícies são geradas e manipuladas de forma interativa. São apresentadas técnicas que simplificam a implementação de linhas e superfícies paramétricas. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo para determinar as curvas de interseção entre superfícies paramétricas, que são utilizadas como linhas de recorte (trimming lines) para obter geometrias complexas e compostas de várias superfícies. O algoritmo desenvolvido emprega técnicas de subdivisão adaptativa, por quadtrees, em função da curvatura local das superfícies. Primeiramente, obtém-se uma aproximação das curvas de interseção no espaço 3D, através da aproximação por triângulos. Os resultados iniciais são refinados e projetados sobre as duas superfícies envolvidas com algoritmos que permitem obter grande precisão. As curvas de interseção finais são mapeadas nos espaços paramétricos das duas superfícies, porém com uma parametrização única, o que facilita a junção com superfícies adjacentes Um algoritmo de geração de malha foi desenvolvido para gerar malhas triangulares de qualidade sobre as superfícies curvas e recortadas. O algoritmo utiliza um processo de subdivisão adaptativa por quadtrees, similar ao utilizado no algoritmo de interseção, para definir tamanhos de elementos em função da curvatura local. Em seguida, aplica-se um algoritmo tipo advancing front para gerar a malha sobre a superfície. Os algoritmos foram implementados e testados em um ambiente gráfico interativo especialmente desenvolvido para este trabalho. São apresentados vários exemplos que comprovam a eficiência das técnicas e algoritmos propostos, incluindo exemplos de matrizes de conformação mecânica para uso com código de análise METAFOR, análise de sensibilidade para otimização de pré-formas e de modelagem de superfícies compostas recortadas com geração de malhas de qualidade, para uso em análise por Elementos Finitos ou como contorno para geração de elementos tridimensionais.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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The pumping through progressing cavities system has been more and more employed in the petroleum industry. This occurs because of its capacity of elevation of highly viscous oils or fluids with great concentration of sand or other solid particles. A Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) consists, basically, of a rotor - a metallic device similar to an eccentric screw, and a stator - a steel tube internally covered by a double helix, which may be rigid or deformable/elastomeric. In general, it is submitted to a combination of well pressure with the pressure generated by the pumping process itself. In elastomeric PCPs, this combined effort compresses the stator and generates, or enlarges, the clearance existing between the rotor and the stator, thus reducing the closing effect between their cavities. Such opening of the sealing region produces what is known as fluid slip or slippage, reducing the efficiency of the PCP pumping system. Therefore, this research aims to develop a transient three-dimensional computational model that, based on single-lobe PCP kinematics, is able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that occurs in the interior of metallic and elastomeric PCPs. The main goal is to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCP s efficiency based on detailed and instantaneous information of velocity, pressure and deformation fields in their interior. To reach these goals (development and use of the model), it was also necessary the development of a methodology for generation of dynamic, mobile and deformable, computational meshes representing fluid and structural regions of a PCP. This additional intermediary step has been characterized as the biggest challenge for the elaboration and running of the computational model due to the complex kinematic and critical geometry of this type of pump (different helix angles between rotor and stator as well as large length scale aspect ratios). The processes of dynamic generation of meshes and of simultaneous evaluation of the deformations suffered by the elastomer are fulfilled through subroutines written in Fortan 90 language that dynamically interact with the CFX/ANSYS fluid dynamic software. Since a structural elastic linear model is employed to evaluate elastomer deformations, it is not necessary to use any CAE package for structural analysis. However, an initial proposal for dynamic simulation using hyperelastic models through ANSYS software is also presented in this research. Validation of the results produced with the present methodology (mesh generation, flow simulation in metallic PCPs and simulation of fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric PCPs) is obtained through comparison with experimental results reported by the literature. It is expected that the development and application of such a computational model may provide better details of the dynamics of the flow within metallic and elastomeric PCPs, so that better control systems may be implemented in the artificial elevation area by PCP

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The aim of this work was to describe the methodological procedures that were mandatory to develop a 3D digital imaging of the external and internal geometry of the analogue outcrops from reservoirs and to build a Virtual Outcrop Model (VOM). The imaging process of the external geometry was acquired by using the Laser Scanner, the Geodesic GPS and the Total Station procedures. On the other hand, the imaging of the internal geometry was evaluated by GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar).The produced VOMs were adapted with much more detailed data with addition of the geological data and the gamma ray and permeability profiles. As a model for the use of the methodological procedures used on this work, the adapted VOM, two outcrops, located at the east part of the Parnaiba Basin, were selected. On the first one, rocks from the aeolian deposit of the Piaui Formation (Neo-carboniferous) and tidal flat deposits from the Pedra de Fogo Formation (Permian), which arises in a large outcrops located between Floriano and Teresina (Piauí), are present. The second area, located at the National Park of Sete Cidades, also at the Piauí, presents rocks from the Cabeças Formation deposited in fluvial-deltaic systems during the Late Devonian. From the data of the adapted VOMs it was possible to identify lines, surfaces and 3D geometry, and therefore, quantify the geometry of interest. Among the found parameterization values, a table containing the thickness and width, obtained in canal and lobes deposits at the outcrop Paredão and Biblioteca were the more relevant ones. In fact, this table can be used as an input for stochastic simulation of reservoirs. An example of the direct use of such table and their predicted radargrams was the identification of the bounding surface at the aeolian sites from the Piauí Formation. In spite of such radargrams supply only bi-dimensional data, the acquired lines followed of a mesh profile were used to add a third dimension to the imaging of the internal geometry. This phenomenon appears to be valid for all studied outcrops. As a conclusion, the tool here presented can became a new methodology in which the advantages of the digital imaging acquired from the Laser Scanner (precision, accuracy and speed of acquisition) were combined with the Total Station procedure (precision) using the classical digital photomosaic technique

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)