Evolución geodinámica poliorogénica de los dominios septentrionales de la zona de Ossa Morena

377 p.

Evolución geodinámica del Macizo Ibérico meridional (Zona de Ossa-Morena y Zona Centro Ibérica). XXV Reunión de la Comisión de Tectónica de la SGE (Sociedad Geológica de España)

La evolución geodinámica de zonas poliorogénicas es tanto más difícil cuanto más fragmentarios son los datos cartográficos que impiden correlacionar segmentos diferentes. Un buen ejemplo de ello son los numerosos modelos evolutivos y reconstrucciones paleogeográficas propuestos para la cadena hercínica. En el Macizo Ibérico la correlación entre áreas se ha intentado resolver con subdivisiones en zonas similares a las propuestas para otros macizos variscos. En las zonas más complejas se optó por una subdivisión en “Dominios”, a los que se llegó a equiparar con “terrenos” independientes, con evoluciones geodinámicas poco o nada relacionables. Un buen ejemplo de ello son las diversas propuestas de subdivisión de la Zona de Ossa-Morena, reflejo de las deficiencias cartográficas y de la dificultad de correlacionar cartografías anejas, delineándose mapas de difícil interpretación y leyendas muy complicadas con centenares de términos. Durante los últimos 10 años un equipo de la Universidad de Extremadura y la Universidad del País Vasco ha revisado sistemáticamente la cartografía geológica de Extremadura, obteniéndose un mapa continuo con una leyenda única, en la que todos los materiales están debidamente diferenciados, correlacionados y muchos de ellos datados. Este trabajo ha supuesto la culminación de más de 35 años dedicados de forma ininterrumpida a la investigación y cartografía geológica del Macizo Ibérico meridional. Ello ha permitido proponer una subdivisión mucho más sencilla y poner de manifiesto la falta de significado de la subdivisiones en Dominios y Unidades existentes en distintos trabajos.

Elaboración y Evaluación de Recursos para la realización de prácticas curriculares conjuntas de las asignaturas troncales de los Departamentos de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Geodinámica y Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en la formación del profesorado.

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Evolução geodinâmica e condicionamento estrutural dos terrenos Piancó-Alto Brígida e Alto Pajeú, domínio da zona transversal, NE do Brasil

This thesis aims to advance in the geological knowledge of the region comprising the Piancó-Alto Brígida (TPAB) and Alto pajeú (TAP) terranes, in the Transversal Zone Domain (Borborema Province, NE Brazil), with the main objective of understanding the geodynamic evolution and the structural framework of these units. To reach this objective, and besides field work and interpretation of traditional aerial photographs, other tools were employed like of remote sensing products (Landsat 7 ETM+, aeroradiometrics, aeromagnetics and topographical images), lithogeochemical (whole rock) analyses and geochronological dating (U-Pb in zircon), besides integration with literature data. In the area, several precambrian geological units outcrop, represented in the TAP by the paleoproterozoic Serra Talhada and Afogados da Ingazeira complexes, Riacho Gravatá Complex (metavolcano-sedimentary sequence of Stenian-Tonian age) and Cariris Velhos orthogneisses (of Tonian age). The TPAB comprises the Santana do Garrote (lower unit) and Serra do Olho d'Água (upper unit) formations of the Cachoeirinha Group (Neoproterozoic III), besides the Piancó orthogneisses and Bom Jesus paragneisses; the latter correspond to an older (basement ?) block and a possible high grade equivalent of the Cachoeirinha Group (or Seridó Group ?), respectively. Several Brasiliano-age plutons occur in both terranes.The aeromagnetic data show the continuity, at depth, of the main shear zones mapped in the region. The Patos, Pernambuco, Boqueirão dos Cochos, Serra do Caboclo, Afogados da Ingazeira/Jabitacá and Congo-Cruzeiro do Nordeste shear zones reach depths greater than to 6-16 km. The aeromagnetic signature of other shear zones, like the Juru one, suggests that these structures correspond to shallower crustal features. The satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) and aerogamaspectrometric images discriminate different geological units, contributing to the mapping of the structural framework of the region. The Serra do Caboclo Shear Zone was characterized as the boundary/suture between the TPAB and TAP. This structure is an outstanding, pervasive feature that separates contrasting geological units, such as the Neoproterozoic III Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB and the Riacho Gravatá Complex and the Cariris Velhos metaplutonics, of Stenian-Tonian age, in the TAP. Occupying different blocks, these units are not found in authoctonous relations, like unconformities and intrusive contacts. Concerning the Cariris Velhos (ca. 1,0 Ga old) event is recorded by radiometric ages of the Riacho Gravatá Complex metavolcanics and intrusive augen and orthogneisses, all of them displaying geochemical affinities of arc or collisional settings. A structural signature of this event was not recorded in the region, possibly due to its low grade/low strain style, obliterated by the overprinting of younger, higher grade/high strain Brasiliano-age fabrics.The first tectonic event (D1) observed in the Cariris Velhos lithotypes presents contractional kinematics with transport to the NW. Neoproterozoic III geochronologic dates, obtained in late-D1 granitoids, imply a Brasiliano age (ca. 610-600 Ma) for this deformation event. The second tectonic event (D2) characterized in the region corresponds to the Brasiliano transcurrent kinematics of the outstanding shear zones and associated granitoid plutons. The geochronological (U-Pb in zircon) data obtained during this thesis also confirms the occurrence of the Cariris Velhos magmatic suite in the TAP, as well as the Neoproterozoic III age to the Cachoeirinha Group in the TPAB. The TAP (Riacho Gravatá Complex, augen and orthogneisses) is interpreted as a continental arc possibly accreted to a microcontinent during the Cariris Velhos (Stenian-Tonian) event. Later on, this terrane collided with the TPAB at the beginning of the Brasiliano orogeny (D1 contractional deformation), and both domins were reworked by the transcurrent shear deformation of the D2 event

Limites e evolução geodinâmica do Sistema Jaguaribeano, Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil

The studied area is geologically located in the Northern Domain of the Borborema Province (Northeast Brazil), limited to the south by the Patos shear zone. Terranes of the Jaguaribeano system are dominant, flanked by the Piranhas (E and S sides) and Central Ceará (NE side) terranes. Its basement comprises gneiss -migmatite terrains of Paleoproterozoic to Archean age (2.6 to 1.9 Ga old), overprinted by neoproterozoic to cambrian tectonotherma l events. Narrow supracrustal belts ( schist belts) display a 1.6 to 1.8 Ga age, as shown by whole - rock Rb-Sr and zircon U-Pb and Pb/Pb dates in acid metavolcanics which dominate in the lower section of these sequences, and in coeval metaplutonics (granitic augen gneisses). From the stratigraphic point of view, three Staterian belts are recognized: 1. Orós Belt - made up by the Orós Group, subdivided in the Santarém (predominantly pure to impure quartzites, micaschists and metacarbonates) and Campo Alegre (metandesites, metabasalts, metarhyolites and metarhyodacites, interlayered with metatuffs and metasediments) formations, and by the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite (granitic augen gneisses). 2. Jaguaribe Belt - its lithostratigrahic-lithodemic framework is similar to the one of the Orós Belt, however with a greater expression of the volcano -plutonic components (Campo Alegre Formation and Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite). The Peixe Gordo Sequence, separately described, is also related to this belt and contain s metasedimentary, metavolcanic (with subordinated volcanoclastics) and metaplutonic units. The first one correlated to the Orós Group and the latter the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite. 3. Western Potiguar Belt - represented by the Serra de São José Gro up, subdivided in the Catolezinho (biotite -amphibole gneisses with intercalations of metacarbonates, calcsilicate rocks, amphibolites and quartzite beds to the top) and Minhuins (quartzites, micaschists, metaconglomerates, calcsilicate rocks, acid to the b asic metavolcanics and metatuffs) formations. Its late Paleoproterozoic (Staterian) age was established by a Pb/Pb date on zircons from a granitic orthogneiss of the Catolezinho Formation. The petrographic characteristics and sedimentary structures of the Santarém Formation of the Orós Group point to deltaic to shallow marine depositional systems, overlain by deep water deposits (turbidites). The geodynamic setting of this region encompassed a large depositional basin, probably extending to the east of the Portalegre shear zone and west of the Senador Pompeu shear zone, with possible equivalents in the Jucurutu Formation of the Seridó Belt and in the Ceará Group of central Ceará. The Arneiróz Belt, west Ceará, displays some stratigraphic features and granito ids geochemically akin to the ones of the Orós Belt. The evolutionary setting started with an extensional phase which was more active in the eastern part of this domain (Western Potiguar and part of the Jaguaribe belts), where the rudite and psamite sedime ntation relates to a fluviatile rift environment which evolved to a prograding deltaic system to the west (Orós Group). The basaltic andesitic and rhyolitic volcanics were associated to this extensional phase. During this magmatic event, acid magmas also crystallized at plutonic depths. The Orós Group illustrates the environmental conditions in the western part of this domain. Later on, after a large time gap (1.6 to 1.1 Ga), the region was subjected to an extensional deformational episode marked by 900 Ma old (Sm-Nd data) basic rocks, possibly in connection with the deposition of the Cachoeirinha Group south of the Patos shear zone. In the 800 to 500 Ma age interval, the region was affected by important deformational and metamorphic events coupled with in trusion of granitic rocks of variable size (dykes to batholiths), related to the Brasiliano/Pan -African geotectonic cycle. These events produced structural blocks which differentiate, one from the other, according to the importance of anatectic mobilizatio n, proportion of high-grade supracrustals and the amount of neoproterozoic -cambrian granitoid intrusions. On this basis, a large portion of the Jaguaretama Block/Terrane is relatively well preserved from this late overprint. The border belts of the Jagua retama Block (Western Potiguar and Arneiroz) display kyanite-bearing (medium pressure) mineral associations, while in the inner part of the block there is a north-south metamorphic zoning marked by staurolite or sillimanite peak metamorphic conditions. Regarding the deformations of the Staterian supracrustal rocks, second and third phases were the most important, diagnosed as having developed in a progressive tectonic process. In the general, more vigorous conditions of PT are related to the interval tardi - phase 2 early-phase 3, whose radiometric ages and regional structuring indicators places it in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Cycle. In the Staterian geodynamic setting of Brazilian Platform , these sequences are correlated to the lower Espinhaço Supergroup (p.ex., Rio dos Remédios and Paraguaçu groups, a paleproterozoic rift system in the São Francisco Craton), the Araí and Serra da Mesa groups (north of Goiás, in the so -called Goiás Central Massif), and the Uatumã Group (in the Amazonian Craton). Granitic ( augen gneisses) plutonics are also known from these areas, as for example the A-type granites intrusive in the Araí and Serra da Mesa groups, dated at 1.77 Ga. Gravimetric and geological data place the limits of the Jaguaribeano System (terranes) along the Senador Pompeu Shear Zone (western border) and the Portalegre- Farias Brito shear zone (eastern and southern). However, the same data area not conclusive as regards the interpretation of those structures as suture of the terrane docking process. The main features of those shear zones and of involved lothological associations, appear to favour an intracontinental transpressional -transcurrent regime, during Neoproterozoic-Cambrian times, marking discontinuities along which different crustal blocks were laterally dispersed. Inside of this orogenic system and according to the magnetic data (total field map), the most important terrane boundary appears to be the Jaguaribe shear zone. The geochronological data, on some tectonostratigraphic associations (partly represented by the Ceará and Jucurutu groups), still at a preliminary level, besides the lack of granitic zonation and other petrotectonic criteria, do not allow to propose tectonic terrane assembly diagrams for the studied area

Posicionamento por ponto de alta precisão utilizando o GPS: Uma solução para a geodinâmica

Point positioning from GPS data can provide precision varying from 100 meters to a few millimeters at the level of 95% probability. To reach the best level of accuracy, users need proper equipment and software, as well as access capability to GPS products available at the International GPS Geodynamics Service. In this paper, the theory related to point positioning using GPS is presented as well as the results of an experiment conducted using data from the Brazilian Active Control System. The results show repeatability better than 5mm and 10mm for the N and E baseline components respectively, and 6mm + 4ppb (parts per billion) for the vertical. Comparison with SIRGAS campaign showed results at the same level of uncertainty as that of the stations used to tie the SIRGAS frame to ITRF94. Therefore, precise point positioning is a powerful tool to be used in applications requiring high level of precision, such as Geodynamics.

Geodinámica del margen continental de Galicia: estructura profunda y morfotectónica

La presente Tesis Doctoral lleva por t tulo Geodin amica del margen continental de Galicia: Estructura profunda y morfotect onica. Este estudio se aborda a partir de la integraci on de un gran volumen de nuevos datos geof sicos (gravim etricos, batim etricos y s smica de re exi on multicanal 2D y de ultra-alta resoluci on), procedentes de los proyectos ZEEE, ERGAP y BURATO4242. La nueva informaci on ha aportado constricciones muy relevantes sobre el origen, la estructura profunda y la complejidad siogr a ca del margen, as como sobre la caracterizaci on de la variaci on lateral de la transici on oc eano-continente. El margen continental de Galicia se clasi ca como un margen de rift pobre en magma. Este tipo de m argenes tienen dos rasgos comunes, que son: 1) Los pares de m argenes conjugados son asim etricos, teniendo uno de ellos una zona m as ancha de corteza extremadamente adelgazada, subrayada por un re ector s smico subhorizontal; 2) Entre la corteza continental adelgazada y la corteza oce anica normal, hay una zona de basamento compuesto por manto serpentinizado. La estructura del margen continental gallego es extremadamente compleja, re ejando la superposici on de varias etapas sucesivas de rift, y una etapa compresiva posterior que da como resultado la inversi on parcial del margen. Adem as, la proximidad de un punto triple de dorsal produce un cambio de orientaci on de las estructuras principales. Este margen continental ha sido ampliamente estudiado desde la d ecada de los '70. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los estudios se han centrado en la parte occidental, existiendo una importante carencia de informaci on en los ancos norte y noroeste. Este hecho, junto con su gran complejidad estructural, ha provocado que no exista un modelo geodin amico previo que integre todos los procesos observados. Algunos aspectos, como son la transici on entre el margen oeste (extensivo) y el margen norte (compresivo), y la forma en que se produce su inversi on tect onica, apenas han sido abordados con anterioridad por la comunidad científica...

Apuntes de Geodinámica Aplicada

Apuntes de la asignatura. Curso 1999-2000

Análisis cinemático de la pared de sal Euskal balea (Golfo de Bizkaia) y de los diapiros salinos de Salinas de Añana y Maestu (Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica, Álava)

324 p.

Análisis de la estructura varisca y alpina en la transversal Sallent-Biescas (Pirineos Centrales, Huesca)

186 p.

Modelización de procesos hidrológicos y de contaminación por nitratos mediante dos códigos numéricos (SWAT y MOHID). Cuenca agrícola del río Alegría (País Vasco)

245 p.+ anexos

Fontes sísmicas ao longo da fronteira de placas tectónicas entre os Açores e a Argélia: um modelo sismotectónico

Portugal apresenta uma actividade sísmica que resulta em grande parte da sua proximidade à fronteira entre as placas tectónicas Euro-asiática (EA) e Nubia (NU), numa faixa que se estende desde Gibraltar até ao arquipélago dos Açores. A fractura litosférica contida nessa faixa é habitualmente designada por Fractura Açores-Gibraltar. A forte interacção entre os dois blocos, manifesta-se por um aumento da sismicidade nesta faixa, fortemente influenciada pela interacção entre os dois blocos tectónicos. No prolongamento para Ocidente deste acidente atinge-se a Crista Média Atlântica (CMA) num ponto localizado a noroeste do arquipélago dos Açores, e que constitui a fronteira entre a placa Americana (AM) e as placas EA e NU. Este ponto também é conhecido por Junção Tripla dos Açores. A interacção entre os três limites de placas confere à região dos Açores a actividade sísmica que se lhe conhece, uma das mais significativas no contexto nacional. Toda esta zona, devido ao potencial e efectivo risco sísmico testemunhado pelos eventos sísmicos recentes e pelos grandes terremotos historicamente documentados, é alvo de um elevado esforço que nos últimos anos resultou, de forma integrada, em avanços como: 1) melhoria da capacidade de observação do fenómeno sísmico –a existência dos meios mínimos de monitorização sísmica é hoje uma realidade que reconhecemos, salientando contudo, o muito que há a fazer em domínios como: a instalação de estações sísmicas submarinas (OBS) capazes de suprir as lacunas verificadas; a compatibilização de dados e o livre acesso aos mesmos; a criação de uma rede de acelerómetros capaz de registar os movimentos fortes; 2) aumento da capacidade de investigação – o recrutamento de novos investigadores através de projectos multi-disciplinares em domínios como a sismicidade, fonte sísmica e mecanismos focais, geomagnetismo, gravimetria, geodesia e análise estrutural....

Modelos de dinâmica da Terra aplicados à geologia de Portuga l: relevância da experimentação análoga no ensino e na divulgação da geologia

Tese de doutoramento, Geologia (Geodinâmica Interna), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Beach morphodynamics at Nazaré coast using video monitoring

Tese de doutoramento, Geologia (Geodinâmica Externa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Mass-wasting episodes in the geological evolution of the Azores islands : timing, recurrence, mechanisms and consequence

Tese de doutoramento (co-tutela), Geologia (Geodinâmica Interna), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculté des Sciences D’Orsay-Université Paris-Sud, 2014