Genetic and functional analysis of the bacillus subtilis BSP1 gam cluster

Mannans (linear mannan, glucomannan, galactomannan and galactoglucomannan) are the major constituents of the hemicellulose fraction in softwoods and show great importance as a renewable resource for fuel or feedstock applications. As complex polysaccharides, mannans can only be degraded through a synergistic action of different mannan-degrading enzymes, mannanases. Microbial mannanases are mainly extracellular enzymes that can act in wide range of pH and temperature, contributing to pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, food and feed, oil and textile successful industrial applications. Knowing and controlling these microbial mannan-degrading enzymes are essential to take advantage of their great biotechnological potential. The genome of the laboratory 168 strain of Bacillus subtilis carries genes gmuA-G dedicated to the degradation and utilization of glucomannan, including an extracellular -mannanase. Recently, the genome sequence of an undomesticated strain of B. subtilis, BSP1, was determined. In BSP1, the gmuA-G operon is maintained, interestingly, however, a second cluster of genes was found (gam cluster), which comprise a second putative extracellular β-mannanase, and most likely specify a system for the degradation and utilization of a different mannan polymer, galactoglucomannan. The genetic organization and function of the gam cluster, and whether its presence in BSP1 strain results in new hemicellulolytic capabilities, compared to those of the laboratory strain, was address in this work. In silico and in vivo mRNA analyses performed in this study revealed that the gam cluster, comprising nine genes, is organized and expressed in at least six different transcriptional units. Furthermore, cloning, expression, and production of Bbsp2923 in Escherichia coli was achieved and preliminary characterization shows that the enzyme is indeed a β-mannanase. Finally, the high hemicellulolytic capacity of the undomesticated B. subtilis BSP1, demonstrated in this work by qualitative analyses, suggests potential to be used in the food and feed industries.

Os efeitos na formação de residentes de psiquiatria ao experimentarem grupos GAM

Trata-se de uma dissertação de mestrado que propôs conhecer e descrever os efeitos desencadeados na formação de residentes de psiquiatria ao participarem de grupos constituídos por pessoas diagnosticadas com transtorno mental que utilizaram a intervenção GAM (Gestão Autônoma da Medicação) como norteadora. A aposta foi que, ao participarem dos encontros, os residentes experienciariam uma nova situação em que a palavra do paciente passaria a ser ouvida de forma diferente da trabalhada no currículo da residência, construindo um dispositivo capaz de transformar suas práticas clínicas. Para verificar esses efeitos, utilizamos dois grupos focais, realizados antes e depois dos grupos de intervenção, além de entrevistas individuais conduzidas após o término dos grupos. A análise do material indicou efeitos principalmente quanto à escuta clínica desses profissionais, mostrando a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados.

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (GAM-5) induces parkinsonian-like alterations in mouse

Parkinson's disease, a major neurodegenerative disorder in humans whose etiology is unknown, may be associated with some environmental factors. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (GAM-5) isolated from a patient with an actinomycetoma produced signs similar to Parkinson's disease following iv injection into NMRI mice. NMRI mice were infected intravenously with a non-lethal dose of 5 x 10(6) colony forming units of N. otitidiscaviarum (GAM-5). Fourteen days after bacterial infection, most of the 60 mice injected exhibited parkinsonian features characterized by vertical head tremor, akinesia/bradykinesia, flexed posture and postural instability. There was a peak of nocardial growth in the brain during the first 24 h followed by a decrease, so that by 14 days nocardiae could no longer be cultured. At 24 h after infection, Gram staining showed nocardiae in neurons in the substantia nigra and occasionally in the brain parenchyma in the frontal and parietal cortex. At 21 days post-infection, tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling showed a 58% reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra, and a 35% reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental region. Dopamine levels were reduced from 110 ± 32.5 to 58 ± 16.5 ng/mg protein (47.2% reduction) in brain from infected mice exhibiting impaired movements, whereas serotonin levels were unchanged (191 ± 44 protein in control and 175 ± 39 ng/mg protein in injected mice). At later times, intraneuronal inclusion bodies were observed in the substantia nigra. Our observations emphasize the need for further studies of the potential association between Parkinson's disease or parkinsonism-like disease and exposure to various nocardial species.

Vue intérieure de la médication psychiatrique : l’expérience des personnes ayant cheminé avec la GAM

Cette recherche aborde la médication psychiatrique à partir du point de vue des usagers. Des entrevues en profondeur ont été réalisées auprès de dix personnes utilisatrices en provenance d’une ressource communautaire et alternative en santé mentale. Les répondants éprouvent ou ont éprouvé des problèmes importants de santé mentale. La majorité des usagers de notre échantillon consomme des neuroleptiques. Les participants sélectionnés ont cheminé avec l’approche de la gestion autonome de la médication en santé mentale (GAM). La GAM constitue un terrain fertile, car l’approche favorise la réflexion critique, la diversité de pratiques autour de la médication psychotrope. Un état des connaissances portant sur l’expérience subjective de la médication est présenté. Les effets de la médication sur les personnes et leur contexte de vie ainsi que les aspects symboliques ont été analysés. Parmi les effets majeurs de la médication, on compte : l’effet de « gel », la grande fatigue, les difficultés d’attribution, le désir d’arrêt et les effets paradoxaux. La médication peut avoir des effets positifs ou négatifs sur l’entourage, le travail, les études ou autres implications sociales. Le rapport des usagers relatif à la médication a évolué vers un usage planifié, modulé et moindre. À cet effet, les dix usagers sont passés d’une phase de « novice » à une « d’expert ». Les résultats de cette recherche indiquent que la notion d’observance au traitement doit être revisitée et la notion d’efficacité élargie. Cette étude qualitative démontre que les versants « intérieurs » de la médication, l’expérience subjective et l’intersubjectif apportent une perspective plutôt rare, mais riche, du médicament en tant qu’objet social.

Ḥamiššā ḥumšê Tôrā : ʿim qeṣat pērûš Rašî ... we-gam hā-hafṭārôt ... we-5 megîllôt û-birkôt hat-Tôrā ...

[Jehuda Ben-Moses Naphtali]

Sēfer Menôrat ham-mā'ôr : ... û-le-maʿan gam nāšîm we-yelādîm yiʿidû li-šmôaʿ be-limmûdîm ...

Yiṣḥāq Abôhab

Mišlê : ʿim bēʿûr we-targûm aškenazzî ka-ašēr nidpas be-q"q Berlinû-ve-Win ... nidpas gam pērûš Raši

Digitalisat der Ausg. Ofenbak, 1825/26

Sēfer Śîaḥ Yiṣḥāq : we-hû min Pele yôʿēṣ ; has-sēfer haz-ze neʿttāq mik-kammā sefārîm ... û-vî-feraṭ min has-sēfer Pele yôʿēṣ ... gam neʿttāq bô kammā dinîm ... ; oif ivri-ṭaiṭš ...

ham-maʿttîq Yiṣḥāq B. ... Efrayim Fišel Hamburger mi- ... Qrâqā

Kunṭres Ḥevrat Rodfe Ḥesed : tokho yevoar ʿal ma ʿamude ḥevratenu ḥevrat g. ḥ. yusdu, ṿe-gam taḳanoteha ha-yesharot

Text in hebr. und jidd., in hebr. Schr.

Sefer ha-milim : hu ḳonḳordantsia he-ḥadash ha-otsar kol ha-shemot ṿeha-peʻalim gam milot ha-baʼim be-sifre ḳodesh be-khol neṭiyotehem le-minehem ish ish ʻal digalo ṿe-shorsho, u-marʼeh kol meḳomot himatsʼam ba-Tanakh, ʻim pitron horaʼotehem bi-khelal uvi-feraṭ = Slovar t. e. novai︠a︡ konkordant︠s︡ii︠a︡ /

Mode of access: Internet.

Kol shire Yehudah Leb Gordon : yeshanim gam ḥadashim, be-shishah sefarim.

Mode of access: Internet.

Otsar ha-shorashim : kolel shorshe ha-lashon ha-ʻIvrit ṿe-haʻataḳatam...me-ʻIvrit le-Ashkenazit ume-Ashkenazit le-ʻIvrit...gam ha-shorashim bi-leshon Aramit u-shemot ha-anashim ṿeha-meḳomot ha-nimtsaʼim be-khitve ḳodesh /

Added t.p.: Hebräisch-deutsches and deutsch-hebräisches Wörterbuch über das alte Testament.

The Gam, being a group of whaling stories,

"Introduction" by Edward Everett Hale.

The Gam, being a group of whaling stories,

Mode of access: Internet.

Gamō Kunpei zenshū /

Tsuketari: Gamō Kunpei nenpu.