Conservation status of the endangered chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park : (Republic of Guinea-Bissau)

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Ecologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Introduction: Guinea-Bissau Today - The Irrelevance of the State and the Permanence of Change

African Studies Review, Volume 52, Number 2, pp. 35–

Phylogeography, conservation genetics and parasitology of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes versus) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

Tese de doutoramento em Antropologia, especialidade em Antropologia Biológica e Etnoecologia

Gastrointestinal symbionts of chimpanzees in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau with respect to habitat fragmentation

One of the major factors threatening chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Guinea-Bissau is habitat fragmentation. Such fragmentation may cause changes in symbiont dynamics resulting in increased susceptibility to infection, changes in host specificity and virulence. We monitored gastrointestinal symbiotic fauna of three chimpanzee subpopulations living within Cantanhez National Park (CNP) in Guinea Bissau in the areas with different levels of anthropogenic fragmentation. Using standard coproscopical methods (merthiolate-iodine formalin concentration and Sheather's flotation) we examined 102 fecal samples and identified at least 13 different symbiotic genera (Troglodytella abrassarti, Troglocorys cava, Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba spp., Iodamoeba butschlii, Giardia intestinalis, Chilomastix mesnili, Bertiella sp., Probstmayria gombensis, unidentified strongylids, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Trichuris sp.). The symbiotic fauna of the CNP chimpanzees is comparable to that reported for other wild chimpanzee populations, although CNP chimpanzees have a higher prevalence of Trichuris sp. Symbiont richness was higher in chimpanzee subpopulations living in fragmented forests compared to the community inhabiting continuous forest area. We reported significantly higher prevalence of G. intestinalis in chimpanzees from fragmented areas, which could be attributed to increased contact with humans and livestock.

Escuelas populares de Guinea-Bissau : la educación en estado puro.

Presenta una visión del sistema educativo de Guinea-Bissau, donde la escuela pública es inestable y no garantiza un desarrollo educativo normal. Por ello, se crean las escuelas populares, de carácter privado pero baratas. Se centra en la del barrio de Quelelé de Bissau y describe sus aulas, quiénes acuden, cómo es la labor educativa que allí se desarrolla, el profesorado, cómo es el sistema de exámenes y quiénes financian este proyecto -entre ellos la ONG KASUMAI-. Un ejemplo concreto es la escuela popular Jardim 2000.

Phylogenetic structure of Guinea-Bissau ethnic groups for mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome genetic systems

The maternal and paternal genetic profile of Guineans is markedly sub-Saharan West African, with the majority of lineages belonging to L0-L3 mtDNA sub-clusters and E3a-M2 and E1-M33 Y chromosome haplogroups. Despite the sociocultural differences among Guinea-Bissau ethnic groups,marked by the supposedly strict admixture barriers, their genetic pool remains largely common. Their extant variation coalesces at distinct timeframes, from the initial occupation of the area to later inputs of people. Signs of recent expansion in mtDNA haplogroups L2a-L2c and NRY E3a-M2 suggest population growth in the equatorial western fringe, possibly supported by an early local agricultural centre, and to which the Mandenka and the Balanta people may relate. Non-West African signatures are traceable in less frequent extant haplogroups, fitting well with the linguistic and historical evidence regarding particular ethnic groups: the Papel and Felupe-Djola people retain traces of their putative East African relatives; U6 and M1b among Guinea-Bissau Bak-speakers indicate partial diffusion to Sahel of North African lineages; U5b1b lineages in Fulbe and Papel represent a link to North African Berbers, emphasizing the great importance of post-glacial expansions; exact matches of R1b-P25 and E3b1-M78 with Europeans likely trace back to the times of the slave trade.

Identificación y evaluación de los recursos pesqueros de la República de Guinea Bissau para su explotación sostenible

A través del conocimiento de los recursos pesqueros, es decir especies, cantidad extraíble, métodos de pesca, etc., se ofrece a la comunidad un medio para mejorar su nivel de vida. En el presente trabajo se han catalogado 171. especies cuya captura es rentable económicamente. Están agrupadas en tres Phyllum y 73 familias. Una vez realizada la identificación de especies, se ha elaborado un modelo matemático, que basado en la dinámica de poblaciones, nos permite estimar la cantidad de biomasa existente en el caladero para una determinada especie. En función de la biomasa estimada de esta forma, pueden planificarse las capturas, de tal forma que la explotación del recurso sea sostenible, para evitar que éste se agote. En función de la estimación, las autoridades económicas podrán planificar la política pesquera adecuada para conseguir la sostenibilidad ambiental y económica a medio y largo plazo. Se puede aplicar este modelo a cualquier especie, pero lo hemos particularizado a la gamba blanca por su especial interés económico para el país. Se observa cómo evolucionarán las capturas hasta el año 2027, en el que tanto la producción como el beneficio es máximo. A continuación obtenemos una estabilización de las capturas y por tanto de los ingresos, lo que nos permite mantener la extracción y la sostenibilidad de la especie. ABSTRACT The knowledge of fishery resources, i.e., species, the quantity of fish that can be caught, fishing methods, etc, provides the community with a means to improve their standard of living. In this work, we have listed some species the yield of which is economically profitable. They have been grouped into three categories… The mathematical model, based on population dynamics, allows us to plan the harvesting and to estimate resources. In turn, this will translate into an ability to plan the budget by the economic authorities, since the middle and long turn incomes are known. This model can be applied to any species, but we have chosen the white shrimp because of its special economic value for the country. It shows how the yields will develop up to a maximum in 2027. Then we will obtain a stable catch and therefore a stable income. This will allow us to maintain the harvesting and also the sustainability of the species.