Adaptación de GNU Radio a procesadores KeyStone II 66AK2xxx

En el presente proyecto se ha procedido a implantar la herramienta de procesado software GNU Radio en la tarjeta EVMK2H, que es un módulo de evaluación fabricado por Texas Instruments que incorpora un System on Chip (SoC) 66AK2H14 de la familia Keystone II, el cual dispone de 4 núcleos ARM y 8 núcleos DSP. Previamente a la instalación de GNU Radio, hubo que configurar la tarjeta, así como instalar el software necesario. De igual manera, se realizó una primera aproximación para comprender el funcionamiento de los sistemas de comunicación entre núcleos de que hace uso la tarjeta, y de los que se hizo uso posteriormente en el proyecto. Tras el portado de GNU Radio se ha comprobado el correcto funcionamiento del mecanismo de comunicación entre núcleos ARM y DSP con un par de aplicaciones de prueba. ABSTRACT. In the present project it was performed the implementation of the software processing toolkit GNU Radio into the EVMK2H board, which is an evaluation module from Texas Instruments that includes a 66AK2H14 System on Chip (SoC) from the Keystone II family, that provides 4 ARM cores and 8 DSP cores. Before installing GNU Radio, it was necessary to configure the board, and as well installing other needed software. Also, a first approach was performed to understand the way the communication system between cores included in the board works, which was used later in the project. After porting GNU Radio, some test applications have been written to test the correct operation of the communication mechanism between ARM and DSP cores.

Introduction to the Software-defined Radio Approach

Telecommunications have been in constant evolution during past decades. Among the technological innovations, the use of digital technologies is very relevant. Digital communication systems have proven their efficiency and brought a new element in the chain of signal transmitting and receiving, the digital processor. This device offers to new radio equipments the flexibility of a programmable system. Nowadays, the behavior of a communication system can be modified by simply changing its software. This gave rising to a new radio model called Software Defined Radio (or Software-Defined Radio - SDR). In this new model, one moves to the software the task to set radio behavior, leaving to hardware only the implementation of RF front-end. Thus, the radio is no longer static, defined by their circuits and becomes a dynamic element, which may change their operating characteristics, such as bandwidth, modulation, coding rate, even modified during runtime according to software configuration. This article aims to present the use of GNU Radio software, an open-source solution for SDR specific applications, as a tool for development configurable digital radio.

Implementation of wireless communication based on Software Defined Radio

In current communication systems, there are many new challenges like various competitive standards, the scarcity of frequency resource, etc., especially the development of personal wireless communication systems result the new system update faster than ever before, the conventional hardware-based wireless communication system is difficult to adapt to this situation. The emergence of SDR enabled the third revolution of wireless communication which from hardware to software and build a flexible, reliable, upgradable, reusable, reconfigurable and low cost platform. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) products are commonly used with the GNU Radio software suite to create complex SDR systems. GNU Radio is a toolkit where digital signal processing blocks are written in C++, and connected to each other with Python. This makes it easy to develop more sophisticated signal processing systems, because many blocks already written by others and you can quickly put them together to create a complete system. Although the main function of GNU Radio is not be a simulator, but if there is no RF hardware components,it supports to researching the signal processing algorithm based on pre-stored and generated data by signal generator. This thesis introduced SDR platform from hardware (USRP) and software(GNU Radio), as well as some basic modulation techniques in wireless communication system. Based on the examples provided by GNU Radio, carried out some related experiments, for example GSM scanning and FM radio station receiving on USRP. And make a certain degree of improvement based on the experience of some investigators to observe OFDM spectrum and simulate real-time video transmission. GNU Radio combine with USRP hardware proved to be a valuable lab platform for implementing complex radio system prototypes in a short time. RESUMEN. Software Defined Radio (SDR) es una tecnología emergente que está creando un impacto revolucionario en la tecnología de radio convencional. Un buen ejemplo de radio software son los sistemas de código abierto llamados GNU Radio que emplean un kit de herramientas de desarrollo de software libre. En este trabajo se ha empleado un kit de desarrollo comercial (Ettus Research) que consiste en un módulo de procesado de señal y un hardaware sencillo. El módulo emplea un software de desarrollo basado en Linux sobre el que se pueden implementar aplicaciones de radio software muy variadas. El hardware de desarrollo consta de un microprocesador de propósito general, un dispositivo programable (FPGA) y un interfaz de radiofrecuencia que cubre de 50 a 2200MHz. Este hardware se conecta al PC por medio de un interfaz USB de 8Mb/s de velocidad. Sobre la plataforma de Ettus se pueden ejecutar aplicaciones GNU radio que utilizan principalmente lenguaje de programación Python para implementarse. Sin embargo, su módulo de procesado de señal está construido en C + + y emplea un microprocesador con aritmética de coma flotante. Por lo tanto, los desarrolladores pueden rápida y fácilmente construir aplicaciones en tiempo real sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica de alta capacidad. Aunque su función principal no es ser un simulador, si no puesto que hay componentes de hardware RF, Radio GNU sirve de apoyo a la investigación del algoritmo de procesado de señales basado en pre-almacenados y generados por los datos del generador de señal. En este trabajo fin de máster se ha evaluado la plataforma de hardware de DEG (USRP) y el software (GNU Radio). Para ello se han empleado algunas técnicas de modulación básicas en el sistema de comunicación inalámbrica. A partir de los ejemplos proporcionados por GNU Radio, hemos realizado algunos experimentos relacionados, por ejemplo, escaneado del espectro, demodulación de señales de FM empleando siempre el hardware de USRP. Una vez evaluadas aplicaciones sencillas se ha pasado a realizar un cierto grado de mejora y optimización de aplicaciones complejas descritas en la literatura. Se han empleado aplicaciones como la que consiste en la generación de un espectro de OFDM y la simulación y transmisión de señales de vídeo en tiempo real. Con estos resultados se está ahora en disposición de abordar la elaboración de aplicaciones complejas.

Ressonância magnética nuclear com recurso a um transreceptor rádio controlado por software

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

SIRCo: uma arquitetura para Sensoriamento Inteligente de Rádios Cognitivos

The increased demand for using the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) unlicensed frequency spectrum has caused interference problems and lack of resource availability for wireless networks. Cognitive radio (CR) have emerged as an alternative to reduce interference and intelligently use the spectrum. Several protocols were proposed aiming to mitigate these problems, but most have not been implemented in real devices. This work presents an architecture for Intelligent Sensing for Cognitive Radios (ISCRa), and a spectrum decision model (SDM) based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which uses as input a database with local spectrum behavior and a database with primary users information. For comparison, a spectrum decision model based on AHP, which employs advanced techniques in its spectrum decision method was implemented. Another spectrum decision model that considers only a physical parameter for channel classification was also implemented. Spectrum decision models evaluated, as well as ISCRa's architecture were developed in GNU-Radio framework and implemented on real nodes. Evaluation of SDMs considered metrics of: delivery rate, latency (Round Trip Time - RTT) and handoff. Experiments on real nodes showed that ISCRa architecture with ANN based SDM increased packet delivery rate and presented fewer frequency variation (handoff) while maintaining latency. Considering higher bandwidth as application's Quality of Service requirement, ANN-SDM obtained the best results when compared to other SDM for cognitive radio networks (CRN).

Optisen radiolinkin toteuttaminen ohjelmistoradiolla

Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena oli toteuttaa optinen radiolinkki hyödyntäen ohjelmistoradiota. Työn alkuosassa käydään läpi ohjelmistoradiota yleisellä tasolla sekä yleisesti nykyisin käytössä olevia optisia tiedonsiirtotapoja. Työn keskiosassa käsitellään työhön käytettävä laitteisto ja ohjelmistot sekä optisen radioetuasteen suunnittelu ja toteutus. Työn loppuosassa analysoidaan toteutetun etuasteen toimintaa. Ohjelmistoradio, yleisemmin ohjelmallisesti määritetty radiolaite, jonka toiminnallisuutta, kuten modulaatioita, suodattimia ja kommunikointiin käytettävää taajuuskaistaa, pystytään muuttamaan ohjelmallisesti ilman laitteistomuutoksia. Useimmiten ohjelmistoradioiden toiminnallisuus määrätään ohjelmoimalla ohjelmistoradio-oheislaitteen ohjelmoitavia porttipiirejä, eli FPGA-piirejä. Optisen radioetuasteen suunnittelun pohjana käytettiin audiokäyttöön tarkoitettua infrapunalähetintä ja – vastaanotinta, jotka muokattiin toimimaan näkyvän valon aallonpituuksilla. Ohjelmistoradio-oheislaitteena toimi Ettus USRP1 varustettuna matalataajuisilla lähetin- ja vastaanotintytärkorteilla. Ohjelmistoradion ohjelmointiympäristönä toimi Linux Ubuntu, ja ohjelmistona GNURadio sekä sen graafinen ohjelmointikäyttöliittymä Gnu Radio Companion. Tutkielman lopputuloksena saatiin aikaan piirilevylle rakennettu optisen radioetuasteen prototyyppi, jolla pystyttiin siirtämään digitaalista audiota 300 kbps tiedonsiirtonopeudella muutamien senttimetrien matkalla pimeässä tilassa.

Vulnerabilidades usando SDR

Un sistema de SDR (Software Defined Radio) es un sistema de radio programable que delega gran parte del procesamiento hecho clásicamente en hardware,en software corriendo en un ordenador. Dos ventajas inmediatas de un dispositivo de SDR frente a un dispositivo de radio tradicional son el abaratamiento del coste del hardware (menos y menos complejo) y la facilidad de modificación de la funcionalidad específica de la radio (implementaciones software, tan simple como programar cualquier protocolo deseado). Debido al abaratamiento de estos productos y su facilidad de programación e interconexión con un ordenador personal, el mundo de la radiocomunicación es bastante más accesible. Cuando un dominio es poco conocido o accesible, es típico que los sistemas no sean seguros por diseño, sino por oscuridad. Si en un corto periodo de tiempo la accesibilidad a ese dominio aumenta considerablemente, los sistemas seguros por oscuridad se encuentran en peligro. Este trabajo pretende estudiar si efectivamente, al ser más accesible el dominio de la radiocomunicación debido a la accesibilidad de los dispositivos de SDR, ciertos sistemas se encuentran expuestos. La investigación del estado del arte y el estudio práctico de sistemas públicos en el ámbito local, nos permitirá entender hasta qué punto existen riesgos reales. Si se encuentra en el ámbito local una vulnerabilidad en algún sistema, se documentará y se propondrá una posible forma de aprovecharla y solucionarla.

Sintonizando emoções : o futebol e o radio : uma viagem nas ondas da midia radiofonica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Populations III.1 and III.2 gamma-ray bursts: constraints on the event rate for future radio and X-ray surveys

Aims. We calculate the theoretical event rate of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the collapse of massive first-generation (Population III; Pop III) stars. The Pop III GRBs could be super-energetic with the isotropic energy up to E(iso) greater than or similar to 10(55-57) erg, providing a unique probe of the high-redshift Universe. Methods. We consider both the so-called Pop III.1 stars (primordial) and Pop III.2 stars (primordial but affected by radiation from other stars). We employ a semi-analytical approach that considers inhomogeneous hydrogen reionization and chemical evolution of the intergalactic medium. Results. We show that Pop III.2 GRBs occur more than 100 times more frequently than Pop III.1 GRBs, and thus should be suitable targets for future GRB missions. Interestingly, our optimistic model predicts an event rate that is already constrained by the current radio transient searches. We expect similar to 10-10(4) radio afterglows above similar to 0.3 mJy on the sky with similar to 1 year variability and mostly without GRBs (orphans), which are detectable by ALMA, EVLA, LOFAR, and SKA, while we expect to observe maximum of N < 20 GRBs per year integrated over at z > 6 for Pop III.2 and N < 0.08 per year integrated over at z > 10 for Pop III.1 with EXIST, and N < 0.2 for Pop III.2 GRBs per year integrated over at z > 6 with Swift.

Radio-frequency spectroscopy of (6)Li p-wave molecules: Towards photoemission spectroscopy of a p-wave superfluid

We study rf spectroscopy of a lithium gas with the goal to explore the possibilities for photoemission spectroscopy of a strongly interacting p-wave Fermi gas. Radio-frequency spectra of quasibound p-wave molecules and of free atoms in the vicinity of the p-wave Feshbach resonance located at 159.15G are presented. The spectra are free of detrimental final-state effects. The observed relative magnetic-field shifts of the molecular and atomic resonances confirm earlier measurements realized with direct rf association. Furthermore, evidence of molecule production by adiabatically ramping the magnetic field is observed. Finally, we propose the use of a one-dimensional optical lattice to study anisotropic superfluid gaps as most direct proof of p-wave superfluidity.

Calculating current densities and fields due to shielded bi-planar radio-frequency coils

A method for the accurate computation of the current densities produced in a wide-runged bi-planar radio-frequency coil is presented. The device has applications in magnetic resonance imaging. There is a set of opposing primary rungs, symmetrically placed on parallel planes and a similar arrangement of rungs on two parallel planes surrounding the primary serves as a shield. Current densities induced in these primary and shielding rungs are calculated to a high degree of accuracy using an integral-equation approach, combined with the inverse finite Hilbert transform. Once these densities are known, accurate electrical and magnetic fields are then computed without difficulty. Some test results are shown. The method is so rapid that it can be incorporated into optimization software. Some preliminary fields produced from optimized coils are presented.

X-ray properties of the Parkes sample of flat-spectrum radio sources: dust in radio-loud quasars?

We investigate the X-ray properties of the Parkes sample of Bat-spectrum radio sources using data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and archival pointed PSPC observations. In total, 163 of the 323 sources are detected. For the remaining 160 sources, 2 sigma upper limits to the X-ray flux are derived. We present power-law photon indices in the 0.1-2.4 keV energy band for 115 sources, which were determined either with a hardness ratio technique or from direct fits to pointed PSPC data if a sufficient number of photons were available. The average photon index is <Gamma > = 1.95(-0.12)(+0.13) for flat-spectrum radio-loud quasars, <Gamma > = 1.70(-0.24)(+0.23) for galaxies, and <Gamma > = 2.40(-0.31)(+0.12) for BL Lac objects. The soft X-ray photon index is correlated with redshift and with radio spectral index in the sense that sources at high redshift and/or with flat (or inverted) radio spectra have flatter X-ray spectra on average. The results are in accord with orientation-dependent unification schemes for radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Webster et al. discovered many sources with unusually red optical continua among the quasars of this sample, and interpreted this result in terms of extinction by dust. Although the X-ray spectra in general do not show excess absorption, we find that low-redshift optically red quasars have significantly lower soft X-ray luminosities on average than objects with blue optical continua. The difference disappears for higher redshifts, as is expected for intrinsic absorption by cold gas associated with the dust. In addition, the scatter in log(f(x)/f(o)) is consistent with the observed optical extinction, contrary to previous claims based on optically or X-ray selected samples. Although alternative explanations for the red optical continua cannot be excluded with the present X-ray data, we note that the observed X-ray properties are consistent with the idea that dust plays an important role in some of the radio-loud quasars with red optical continua.

Polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/diaminodiphenyl sulfone epoxy resins using radio frequency fields

Curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DGEBA/DDS) epoxy resin has been effected by heating with radio frequency (RF) radiation at frequencies of 30-99 MHz. The epoxy resins can be cured rapidly at low RF power levels. Comparison of the kinetics of the RF curing with thermal curing while maintaining the same curing temperature revealed no differences. Previous differences in rates of thermal and microwave curing are believed to be due to lack of temperature control during microwave curing. For RF curing,the rate of cure, at constant power level, increases at lower RF frequency, thus emphasizing one of the principal advantages of RF curing over microwave curing. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.