944 resultados para GIS, geolocalizzazione, osm, webmapping, geoinformatica, neogeografia, opendata, geodata


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L'elaborato tratta dell'evoluzione dei sistemi di raccolta dati geografici e mappatura grazie all'utilizzo delle tecnologie informatiche e di come sia cambiato il loro utilizzo nel corso del tempo e l'utenza che ne fa uso. Viene anche trattata in maniera tecnica la struttura che compone uno di questi sistemi per permettere l'interazione via web con una mappa digitale. Si effettuano inoltre ipotesi su possibili sviluppi futuri di tali tecnologie.

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Aquest projecte cobreix la vessant de la construcció i/o adaptació del mapa que utilitzen els corredors de les curses d'orientació, mostrant els punts de control, avituallament, etc. Els mapes estàn creats utilitzant la tecnología GIS mitjançant capes de dades OSM i les llibreries d'OpenLayers.

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Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) são construídos, especificamente, para armazenar, analisar e manipular dados geográficos, ou seja, dados que representam objetos e fenômenos do mundo real, cuja localização em relação à superfície da Terra seja considerada. A interoperabilidade desses sistemas, que constitui-se na capacidade de compartilhar e trocar informações e processos entre ambientes computacionais heterogêneos, se faz necessária, pois, devido ao elevado custo de aquisição dos dados geográficos, as comunidades de informação precisam compartilhar dados de fontes existentes, sem a necessidade de fazer conversões. Porém, pela complexidade e incompatibilidades de representação, de estrutura e de semântica das informações geográficas, a maioria dos softwares de SIG, hoje, não são interoperáveis. Existe também, além do problema da não interoperabilidade, uma crescente preocupação com relação à qualidade e à integridade espacial dos dados geográficos. Contudo, alguns modelos conceituais de dados geográficos e os softwares de SIG não oferecem, ainda, os meios adequados para representar e garantir a integridade espacial das informações. As restrições de integridade definidas durante a fase de projeto conceitual, normalmente, são implementadas durante o projeto físico, seja de forma implícita ou explícita, podendo ser incorporadas diretamente no modelo de implementação do SIG, de forma que o usuário da aplicação apenas mencione a regra e o sistema a implemente e a garanta automaticamente.Este trabalho de pesquisa propõe uma extensão ao Modelo Abstrato OpenGIS, modelo este que deve ser um padrão de interoperabilidade de software para SIG. A extensão proposta incorpora ao mesmo um subconjunto de tipos de restrição espacial, buscando com isso oferecer melhor suporte às regras da realidade geográfica expressáveis na modelagem conceitual do sistema.

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Wie viele andere GIS-Dienstleister der Öffentlichen Verwaltung auch, ist die Abteilung Geoinformation und Vermessung des Kantons Luzern (geo) mit der wachsenden Nachfrage nach flexiblen Webmapping-Applikationen konfrontiert. Neben klassischen Stand-Alone-Anwendungen unterschiedlicher Komplexität werden zunehmend integrierte Lösungen aktuell. Drittanbieter-Applikationen sollen mit Mapping- und GIS-Funktionalitäten erweitert werden. Um den vielfältigen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden, hat geo zu diesem Zweck einen Viewer (MapViewer LU 4.0) und ein eigenes API (geo.api LU) inklusive Print-Service entwickelt. Das API baut als Erweiterung auf dem bestehenden Esri JavaScript API auf. In der Präsentation werden Anforderungen, Lösungsansätze sowie die konkrete Umsetzung mittels Anwendungs-Demo vorgestellt.

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The present study investigated the distribution profile of dental caries and its association with areas of social deprivation at the individual and contextual level. The cluster sample consisted of 1,002 12-year-old schoolchildren from Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The DMFT Index was used for dental caries and the Care Index was used to determine access to dental services. On the individual level, variables were associated with a better oral status. On the contextual level, areas were not associated with oral status. However, maps enabled determining that the central districts have better social and oral conditions than the deprived outlying districts.

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The paper presents the development of a decision support system for the management of geotechnical and environmental risks in oil pipelines using a geographical information system. The system covers a 48.5 km long section of the So Paulo to Brasilia (OSBRA) oil pipeline, which crosses three municipalities in the northeast region of the So Paulo state (Brazil) and represents an area of 205.8 km(2). The spatial database was created using geo-processing procedures, surface and intrusive investigations and geotechnical reports. The risk assessment was based mainly on qualitative models (relative numeric weights and multicriteria decision analysis) and considered pluvial erosion, slope movements, soil corrosion and third party activities. The maps were produced at a scale of 1:10,000.

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High urban transport energy consumption is directly influenced by transport energy dependence. Dramatic reductions in urban transport energy dependence or consumption are not yet being widely observed despite the variety of urban planning tools currently available. A new urban development framework is presented to tackle this issue that makes use of a recently developed and successfully trialed GIS-based tool, the Transport Energy Specification (TES). The TES was simulated on a neighborhood in Sao Carlos, Brazil. In the simulation, energy dependence was reduced by a factor of 8 through activity location or infrastructure modifications to the built environment.

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As part of ACIAR project ASEM/2003/052, Improving Financial Returns to Smallholder Tree Farmers in the Philippines, plantations of timber trees in Leyte Island, the Philippines were located using a systematic survey of the island. The survey was undertaken in order to compile a database of plantations which could be used to guide the planning of project activities. In addition to recording a range of qualitative and quantitative information for each plantation, the survey spatially referenced each site using a Global Positioning System (GPS) to electronic maps of the island which were held in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Microsoft Excel and Mapsource® software were used as the software links between GPS coordinates and the GIS. Mapping of farm positions was complicated by different datums being used for maps of Leyte Island and this caused GPS positions to be displaced from equivalent positions on the map. Photos of the sites were hyperlinked to their map positions in the GIS in order to assist staff to recall site characteristics.

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A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to model datasets of Leyte Island, the Philippines, to identify land which was suitable for a forest extension program on the island. The datasets were modelled to provide maps of the distance of land from cities and towns, land which was a suitable elevation and slope for smallholder forestry and land of various soil types. An expert group was used to assign numeric site suitabilities to the soil types and maps of site suitability were used to assist the selection of municipalities for the provision of extension assistance to smallholders. Modelling of the datasets was facilitated by recent developments of the ArcGIS® suite of computer programs and derivation of elevation and slope was assisted by the availability of digital elevation models (DEM) produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography (SRTM) mission. The usefulness of GIS software as a decision support tool for small-scale forestry extension programs is discussed.

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The area of private land suitable and available for growing hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) on the Atherton Tablelands in North Queensland was modelled using a geographic information system (GIS). In Atherton, Eacham and Herberton shires, approximately 64,700 ha of privately owned land were identified as having a mean annual rainfall and soil type similar to Forestry Plantations Queensland (FPQ) hoop pine growth plots with an approximate growth rate of 20 m3 per annum. Land with slope of over 25° and land covered with native vegetation were excluded in the estimation. If land which is currently used for high-value agriculture is also excluded, the net area of land potentially suitable and available for expansion of hoop pine plantations is approximately 22,900 ha. Expert silvicultural advice emphasized the role of site preparation and weed control in affecting the long-term growth rate of hoop pine. Hence, sites with less than optimal fertility and rainfall may be considered as being potentially suitable for growing hoop pine at a lower growth rate. The datasets had been prepared at various scales and differing precision for their description of land attributes. Therefore, the results of this investigation have limited applicability for planning at the individual farm level but are useful at the regional level to target areas for plantation expansion.

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Application of geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) technology in the Hlabisa community-based tuberculosis treatment programme documents the increase in accessibility to treatment after the expansion of the service from health facilities to include community workers and volunteers.

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This paper seeks to understand the use and the consequences of Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) in a Mexican local community. A multilevel framework was applied, mainly influenced by two theoretical lenses – structurationist view and social shaping of technology – structured in three dimensions – context, process and content – according to contextualist logic. The results of our study have brought two main contributions. The first is the refinement of the theoretical framework in order to better investigate the implementation and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) artifacts by local communities for social and environmental purposes. The second contribution is the extension of existing IS (Information Systems) literature on participatory practices through identification of important conditions for helping the mobilization of ICT as a tool for empowering local communities.