Automobile fuel tanks.

Mode of access: Internet.

Wind tunnel test[s] and further analysis of [the] floating wing fuel tanks for helicopter range extension.

"Contract no. DA44-177-TC-550."

LPG tanks, inspection and safety : a handbook for the safe, effective inspection of liquefied petroleum gas fuel-tanks in cars and pick-up trucks /

"January 1986."

Cost evaluation for nine Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Task VIII - FMVSS 301, fuel system integrity - determination of the model year when manufacturers made changes to meet Standard's 1976 requirements. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Final report of a 1991 Plymouth Acclaim rear impact CNG fuel tank integrity.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A 1992 Dodge Ram B250 van rear impact CNG fuel tank integrity. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Evaluation methodologies for four federal motor vehicle safety standards. FMVSS 214: side door strength. FMVSS 301: fuel system integrity. FMVSS 215: exterior protection. FMVSS 208: occupant crash protection. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Final design and implementation plan for evaluating the effectiveness of FMVSS 301: fuel system integrity. Tasks #4 & #5 report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Water detection in jet fuel using a polymer optical fibre Bragg grating

Water is a common impurity of jet fuel, and can exist in three forms: dissolved in the fuel, as a suspension and as a distinct layer at the bottom of the fuel tank. Water cannot practically be eliminated from fuel but must be kept to a minimum as large quantities can cause engine problems, particularly when frozen, and the interface between water and fuel acts as a breeding ground for biological contaminants. The quantities of dissolved or suspended water are quite small, ranging from about 10 ppm to 150 ppm. This makes the measurement task difficult and there is currently a lack of a convenient, electrically passive system for water-in-fuel monitoring; instead the airlines rely on colorimetric spot tests or simply draining liquid from the bottom of fuel tanks. For all these reason, people have explored different ways to detect water in fuel, however all these approaches have problems, e.g. they may not be electrically passive or they may be sensitive to the refractive index of the fuel. In this paper, we present a simple, direct and sensitive approach involving the use of a polymer optical fibre Bragg grating to detect water in fuel. The principle is that poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can absorb moisture from its surroundings (up to 2% at 23 °C), leading to both a swelling of the material and an increase in refractive index with a consequent increase in the Bragg wavelength of a grating inscribed in the material.

Water detection in jet fuel using a polymer optical fibre Bragg grating

Water is a common impurity of jet fuel, and can exist in three forms: dissolved in the fuel, as a suspension and as a distinct layer at the bottom of the fuel tank. Water cannot practically be eliminated from fuel but must be kept to a minimum as large quantities can cause engine problems, particularly when frozen, and the interface between water and fuel acts as a breeding ground for biological contaminants. The quantities of dissolved or suspended water are quite small, ranging from about 10 ppm to 150 ppm. This makes the measurement task difficult and there is currently a lack of a convenient, electrically passive system for water-in-fuel monitoring; instead the airlines rely on colorimetric spot tests or simply draining liquid from the bottom of fuel tanks. For all these reason, people have explored different ways to detect water in fuel, however all these approaches have problems, e.g. they may not be electrically passive or they may be sensitive to the refractive index of the fuel. In this paper, we present a simple, direct and sensitive approach involving the use of a polymer optical fibre Bragg grating to detect water in fuel. The principle is that poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can absorb moisture from its surroundings (up to 2% at 23 °C), leading to both a swelling of the material and an increase in refractive index with a consequent increase in the Bragg wavelength of a grating inscribed in the material.

A Method for siting and prioritizing the removal of derelict vessels in Florida Coastal Waters: test applications in the Florida Keys

Increased boating activities and new waterfront developments have contributed an estimated 3,000 dismantled, abandoned, junked, wrecked, derelict vessels to Florida coastal waters. This report outlines a method of siting and prioritizing derelict vessel removal using the Florida Keys as a test area. The data base was information on 240 vessels, obtained from Florida Marine Patrol files. Vessel location was plotted on 1:250,000 regional and 1:5,000 and 1:12,000 site maps. Type of vessel, length, hull material, engine, fuel tanks, overall condition, afloat and submerged characteristics, and accessibility, were used to derive parametric site indices of removal priority and removal difficulty. Results indicate 59 top priority cases which should be the focus of immediate clean up efforts in the Florida Keys. Half of these cases are rated low to moderate in removal difficulty; the remainder are difficult to remove. Removal difficulty is a surrogate for removal cost: low difficulty -low cost, high difficulty - high cost. The rating scheme offers coastal planners options of focusing removal operations either on (1) specific areas with clusters of high priority derelict vessels or on (2) selected targeted derelicts at various, specific locations. (PDF has 59 pages.)