Bestrebungen zur Erhaltung des nordfriesischen Volkstums im 19. Jahrhundert. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Nordfriesen.

Mode of access: Internet.

Frisische Sprachlehre,

Mode of access: Internet.

Over de taal en de tongvallen der Friezen.

Mode of access: Internet.

For Sölring spraak en wiis. Eine sammlung von Sylter wörtern, wie sie zu anfang des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts auf Sylt gesprochen und vordem gebraucht worden Sind.

Includes 3 blank pages for "Anmerkungen".

Algemeen nederduitsch en friesch dialecticon,

"Dit boek ... bevat 186 vertalingen van de Gelijkenis des verlorenen zoons in even zoo veel onderscheidene tongvallen van de nederduitsche en friesche talen. Twee ... zijn door mij zelven opgesteld. Al de andere vertalingen zijn van anderen.--Author's Voorbericht.

De Vrije Fries.

Vols. 7-12 called also nieuwe reeks, deel 1-6; v. 13-18 called also 3. reeks, deel 1-6; v. 19-20 called also 4. reeks, deel 1-2.

Friesisches Archiv : eine Zeitschrift für friesische Geschichte und Sprache.

Mode of access: Internet.

Beknopte handleiding, om de oude friesche taal : voor zoo verre zij in handschriften en in druk nog bestaat, gemakkelijk te lezen en te verstaan, hoofdzakelijk voor diegenen, welke eenige kennis der tegenwoordige land-friesche taal hebben /

Mode of access: Internet.

Algemeen Nederduitsch en Friesch Dialection,

Includes bibliography.

Der Lautstand der föhringischen Mundart.

Lebenslauf.

Jiddisch - niederdeutsche Sprachbeziehungen in Ostfriesland:Low German language relations in East Frisia

Recently discovered sources indicate that the Jewish population of East Frisia in Northwest Germany used a variety based on Western Yiddish as an in-group vernacular well into the 20th century. The East Frisian Jewish variety shows contact-induced traces of Low German, mainly in the lexicon but also in a number of morphological structures. This study does not only analyzes the influence of Low German on the East Frisian Jewish variety but also asks the question, whether three hundred years of language contact have led to traces of the Jewish variety in east Frisian Low German.

Experiences with an Object-Oriented, Multi-Stage Language

Metaphor is a multi-stage programming language extension to an imperative, object-oriented language in the style of C# or Java. This paper discusses some issues we faced when applying multi-stage language design concepts to an imperative base language and run-time environment. The issues range from dealing with pervasive references and open code to garbage collection and implementing cross-stage persistence.

The Coming of Post-reflexive Society: Commodification and Language in Digital Capitalism

Language is a unique aspect of human communication because it can be used to discuss itself in its own terms. For this reason, human societies potentially have superior capacities of co-ordination, reflexive self-correction, and innovation than other animal, physical or cybernetic systems. However, this analysis also reveals that language is interconnected with the economically and technologically mediated social sphere and hence is vulnerable to abstraction, objectification, reification, and therefore ideology – all of which are antithetical to its reflexive function, whilst paradoxically being a fundamental part of it. In particular, in capitalism, language is increasingly commodified within the social domains created and affected by ubiquitous communication technologies. The advent of the so-called ‘knowledge economy’ implicates exchangeable forms of thought (language) as the fundamental commodities of this emerging system. The historical point at which a ‘knowledge economy’ emerges, then, is the critical point at which thought itself becomes a commodified ‘thing’, and language becomes its “objective” means of exchange. However, the processes by which such commodification and objectification occurs obscures the unique social relations within which these language commodities are produced. The latest economic phase of capitalism – the knowledge economy – and the obfuscating trajectory which accompanies it, we argue, is destroying the reflexive capacity of language particularly through the process of commodification. This can be seen in that the language practices that have emerged in conjunction with digital technologies are increasingly non-reflexive and therefore less capable of self-critical, conscious change.