A treatise on friendly societies, in which the doctrine of interest of money, and the doctrine of probability, are practically applied to the affairs of such societies:

Mode of access: Internet.

A chronological list of books and pamphlets, relating to the doctrine of chances and the rate of mortality, annuities, reversions, marine and fire insurances, and life-assurance; with the titles of the several parliamentary reports connected with friendly societies, and of publications relating to particular life-assurance offices.

Published also in the author's A familiar explanation of the nature, advantages, and importance of assurance upon lives ... London, 1842. 19 1/2 cm. p. 183-221.

The constitution of friendly societies : upon legal and scientific principles, exemplified by the rules and tables of the Southwell friendly institution /

Includes tables.

Report from the Select committee on friendly societies : together with the proceedings of the committee, minutes of evidence, and index /

Mode of access: Internet.

Copy of special report on sickness and mortality experienced in registered friendly societies, together with certain monetary tables based thereon /

This constitutes pt. II of the report, of which pt. I was issued in 1880.

The expedience and method of providing assurances for the poor, and of adopting the improved constitution of freindly societies, constructed upon principles calculated to ensure their stability and prevent their insolvency, and governed by regulations in conformity with the act 10 Geo. IV. c.56. Submitted to he consideration of the trustees and managers of the Bank for savings for the hundred of Hinckford in the county of Essex.

Additions and corrections in manuscript.

Decentralisation and Social Services in England

Although Great Britain is not normally credited with the achievement of having been the first nation state to implement measures characteristic of a welfare state (this honour goes to Germany and Bismarck's strategy of promoting social insurance in the 1880s) it nevertheless pioneered many models of welfare services in view of the early onset of industrialisation in that country and the subsequent social problems it created. Organisations like the Mutual Insurance and Friendly Societies, the Charity Organisation Society or the Settlement Movement characterised an early approach to welfare that is based on initiatives at the civil society level and express a sense of self-help or of self-organisation in such a way that it did not involve the state directly. The state, traditionally, dealt with matters of discipline and public order, and for this reason institutions like prisons and workhouses represented the other end of the scale of 'welfare' provisions.

Kalendarʹ Pravoslavnago obshchestva vzaimopomoshchi v Si͡evero-Amerikanskikh Soedinennykh Statakh na ... g.

Mode of access: Internet.

Remarks on the advantages of loan funds for the benefit of the poor and industrious : with directions for their establishment /

Mode of access: Internet.

English associations of working men,

Mode of access: Internet.

Detailed report of the Suprintendent of Insurance.

Publisher: Clarkson W. James, -1922.

Des institutions ouvrières au dix-neuvième siècle /

Publisher listed on cover; printer on t.p.

Report

Mode of access: Internet.

From impact assessment to user-friendly risk management decision-making

In earlier cultures and societies, hazards and risks to human health were dealt with by methods derived from myth, metaphor and ritual. In modem society however, notions of hazard and risk have been transformed from the level of a folk discourse to that of an expert centred concept (Plough & Krimsky, 1987). With the professionalization of risk and hazard analysis came a preferred framework for decision making based on a range of 'technical' methodologies (Giere, 1991 ). This is especially true for decision processes relating to risk assessment and management, and impact assessment. Such approaches however, often entail narrow technical-based theoretical assumptions about human behaviour and the natural world, and the· methods used. They therefore carry 'in-built' error factors that contribute considerable uncertainty to the results.