Ennustavaa elinympäristömallinnusta oppikirjamaisissa muodoissa

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Remotely sensed data for ecosystem analyses: Combining hierarchy and scene models

Remotely sensed data have been used extensively for environmental monitoring and modeling at a number of spatial scales; however, a limited range of satellite imaging systems often. constrained the scales of these analyses. A wider variety of data sets is now available, allowing image data to be selected to match the scale of environmental structure(s) or process(es) being examined. A framework is presented for use by environmental scientists and managers, enabling their spatial data collection needs to be linked to a suitable form of remotely sensed data. A six-step approach is used, combining image spatial analysis and scaling tools, within the context of hierarchy theory. The main steps involved are: (1) identification of information requirements for the monitoring or management problem; (2) development of ideal image dimensions (scene model), (3) exploratory analysis of existing remotely sensed data using scaling techniques, (4) selection and evaluation of suitable remotely sensed data based on the scene model, (5) selection of suitable spatial analytic techniques to meet information requirements, and (6) cost-benefit analysis. Results from a case study show that the framework provided an objective mechanism to identify relevant aspects of the monitoring problem and environmental characteristics for selecting remotely sensed data and analysis techniques.

O quadrado mágico de Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) foi jornalista, cientista, inventor, homem de estado e diplomata. (...) Benjamin Franklin era um entusiasta de quadrados mágicos. Chegou mesmo a criar os seus próprios quadrados. O mais conhecido é o quadrado 8 por 8 apresentado na imagem. Numa carta publicada em 1769, Franklin refere: "Na minha juventude, divertia-me a construir quadrados mágicos, de modo a que a soma dos números de cada linha, de cada coluna e de cada uma das duas diagonais principais fosse sempre a mesma; com o passar do tempo, conseguia criar quadrados mágicos, de tamanho razoável, tão depressa quanto conseguia escrever os números nas suas linhas e colunas; mas, por não estar totalmente satisfeito com estes quadrados, que eram demasiado fáceis, impus a mim mesmo o desafio de construir outro tipo de quadrados mágicos, que apresentassem propriedades mais ricas e que constituíssem, assim, um maior estímulo à curiosidade." Em relação ao quadrado mágico da imagem, são utilizados todos os números naturais, do 1 ao 8x8=64, uma e uma só vez. Além disso, a soma dos números de cada linha e de cada coluna é sempre igual a 260, a constante mágica. Existem muitas outras formas de obter o valor 260 (...)

Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /

v.1

Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /

v.2

The last of the Arctic voyages; being a narrative of the expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, under the command of Captian Sir Edward Belcher, C. B., in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-53-54. With notes on the natural history, by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter and Lovell Reeve.

1

The last of the Arctic voyages; being a narrative of the expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, under the command of Captian Sir Edward Belcher, C. B., in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-53-54. With notes on the natural history, by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter and Lovell Reeve.

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Arctic searching expedition: a journal of a boat-voyage through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea, in search of the discovery ships under command of Sir John Franklin. With an appendix on the physical geography of North America. By Sir John Richardson ...

v. 1

Rosalind Franklin.

Review of the book "Rosalind Franklin and DNA" by A. Sayre, W.W. Norton & Co, New-York