Developing Creative Solutions to the Problems of Children and their Families: Communicative Reason and the use fo Forum Theatre

Building on Habermas’s conceptualisation of modes of reasoning, the authors proposed that an application of critical theory to the present bureaucratised nature of communication between state representatives and welfare recipients (Howe 1992) might open up ways in which social workers could reconceptualise their practice. In a subsequent edition of this journal, three of the present authors introduced the radical theatre of Augusto Boal as a methodology which might provide an expressive route for social workers seeking to build a practice combining the intellectual analysis of critical theory with new ways of working (Spratt et al. 2000). Boal’s method recognises the oppressed status of groups who come to the attention of agents of the state and, through the use of a range of theatrical techniques, introduces strategies to facilitate the conscious recognition of such collective oppressions and develop dialogical ways to address them. In the last paper, the authors presented one such technique, ‘image theatre’, and demonstrated its use with social workers in consciousness raising and developing strategies for collective action.

Forum Theatre scripts

A collection of our scripts

Enacting problem based classroom scenarios through forum theatre

While the school based practicum experience is a vital aspect of teacher education, a 'simulated' classroom can provide a less confrontational space for teacher education students to implement new teaching strategies and techniques. The project used actors to generate a series of short scenarios that dramatise classroom problems. The project employed the methodology of applied theatre in an educational setting.

Applied theatre and organisational transformation

Applied Theatre is an umbrella term for a range of drama-based techniques, all of which align with a lineage of pedagogical theory and practice: (e.g.) Freire, Moreno, Heathcote. It encompasses methods and forms including Drama Education (O’Neill); Forum Theatre (Boal); and Process Drama (Haseman, O’Toole). Applied theatre often occurs in non-theatrical settings (schools, hospitals, prisons) with the aim of helping participants address issues of local concern. Increasingly, Applied Theatre practices are utilised in the corporate environment. Appied Theatre adopts artistic principles in production, but posits a practical utility beyond simple entertainment.

Le Théâtre-forum : pour une délibération sous le signe de la reconnaissance?

Cette recherche explore le Théâtre-forum comme support méthodologie d’un espace délibératif pour discuter des tensions sociales liées à la coprésence au centre-ville de Montréal entre des personnes en situation de rue et leurs voisins domiciliés. L’argument au cœur de la problématique repose sur les taches aveugles de la délibération: dans les forums de quartier, les inégalités sociales se traduisent par des inégalités délibératives au désavantage des personnes sans adresse en défaut d’autorité épistémologique en raison de leur statut; ces inégalités délibératives reproduisent le déni de reconnaissance qui traverse l’expérience relationnelle de ces personnes. Le Théâtre-forum est issu du Théâtre de l’opprimé : une pratique d’intervention théâtrale conçue par Augusto Boal durant la dictature au Brésil comme dispositif émancipateur pour les groupes opprimés. Le Joker incite les membres de l’auditoire à devenir Spect-acteurs par les remplacements du protagoniste, et ce, afin de surmonter son oppression. Ainsi, cette projection dans les chaussures du protagoniste-itinérant facilite-t-elle ce passage de l’indignité à la reconnaissance pour les personnes en situation de rue? L’échange théâtral peut-il ouvrir la voie vers la reconstruction d’un lien intersubjectif entre personnes sans adresse et domiciliés, intersubjectivité qui au cœur-même des vertus délibératives et des principes fondateurs défendus par les théoriciens de la reconnaissance comme Honneth et Renault?

Double Take Project: Using Applied Theatre For Campus Climate Change

Despite research gathered in the Campus Climate Report, I believe that it underrepresented the student experience of the social scene. The document primarily served as an identification tool for four major problems on campus: binge drinking, sexual assault, diversity, and disengagement in the classroom. Double Take Project also identifies similar issues however, this project uses theatrical techniques to gather the anecdotal reality of the student perspective. Double Take Project expands beyond the Campus Climate Report to inspire dialogue in a variety of student-to-student interactions and, more importantly, the project seeks action and solution plans. The social scene dominates our culture and its many issues result in concern for the safety, self-identity, and development of Bucknell students into thriving adults. Double Take Project is rooted in the belief that theatre is a palpable tool for social change. Over the course of many events, Double Take Project has utilized facets of theatre to provide opportunities to voice discontent, widen perception of normalcy on campus, and inspire confidence to act on personal beliefs. The Double Take Project uses many Applied Theatre methods to impact the social scene. For example, I conducted 36 student interviews and transformed the stories into a one-woman show, Rage Behind Curtains, which I performed at multiple venues across campus. I also used interviews to create a radio show airing one story per day. I conducted ten workshops with student groups, Fraternities and Sororities, and in the classroom utilizing Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) techniques. I also created a “social scene confessional” where I stood outside the Elaine Langone Center with a sign that read, “Tell me a story about the social scene” from a wide variety of Bucknell students. Finally, I have assembled a Forum Theatre Company based on Augusto Boal’s method of the spect-actor, utilizing participants as both actors and spectators in the theatre piece. All of the names indicated in this paper have been altered to protect the identity of the participants. While planning events and conducting various theatrical experiences, I learned that there are a series of internal and external issues contributing to our social environment. Internally, students are conflicted with personal beliefs while battling outward social pressure. Whether they are on the outskirts or center of the social scene determines their response to this conflict. For example, I have discovered that students on the borders of the social culture respond with criticism because they feel excluded, whereas the student’s centrally involved critique the culture in private and while their persona appears to not want change. Externally, there are many structural issues that contribute to the current social climate such as without Fraternity meal plans, Cafeteria space is not sufficient to feed all of the students, exclusive party culture, and gendered housing. Through meetings with Deans and staff, I have learned there are also problems between administration and students, resulting in resentment and blame. Although addressing structural issues would instigate immediate change, in my opinion, internal student conflicts are the primary cause for the current negative social atmosphere. I believe that pressure to conform is rooted in lack of personal identity. Because students simply do not know themselves, they form strong social groups that become the definition of themselves. Without confident self-awareness, large and powerful groups coerce students to accept social norms resulting in the individual’s outward distaste for change, yet internal discomfort.

The Silent Majority: an Exploration of the Integration of Voting Software within Theatre in Education programmes

I wanted to explore whether traditional Forum Theatre approaches can be enhanced by the use of integrated voting software to empower young people. My research is based on two of a series of widening participation interactive TiE programmes focused on the decisions young people make on educational progression. I worked as a director alongside students studying Drama and Performance at The University of Worcester and the programmes have toured widely to schools across Worcestershire and Herefordshire. ‘It’s Up to You!’ (2013 – 2014) was aimed at years 8 and 9 choosing their GCSE options and ‘Move on Up!’ (2014 - 2015) looked at the hopes and fears of year 6 pupils about to go up to secondary school. Finding a voice in Boal’s framework as a ‘specactor’ does not always appeal to a pupil who does not want to stand out from the crowd or is not familiar with a classroom where drama conventions are practised or understood. The anonymity of the voting software with results of decisions made appearing instantly on screen is certainly appealing to some pupils: ‘I also loved the keypads they gave us so that we could answer the questions without having to put our hand up and wait..’ This paper aims to interrogate the idea that empowering needs to not simply be about giving voice to a few confident group members but allowing the silent majority to be able to experiment with decision making in an educational and social context.

Gênero, violência contra a mulher e teatro do(a) oprimido(a): construindo novas possibilidades de pesquisa e intervenção social

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O Teatro Fórum como dispositivo de discussão da violência contra a mulher

This article presents the results of a study that made use of the Theatre of the Oppressed, in its Forum Theatre form, to promote discussions and reflections on violence against women. This was achieved through a sketch about the theme shown to a group of recyclable material collectors from two towns in the interior of the State of São Paulo. In the Forum Theatre the spectators become actors/actresses and, through the activity, help to find a solution for the enacted conflict. The results of the study suggest that the Theatre of the Oppressed can be used as an important methodological procedure for research. In the field of Psychology specifically, this theatrical tool emerges as an alternative device in order to work with participative studies involving diverse themes and issues of a community, producing ruptures in hegemonic practices and discourses.

Eu também sei atirar!: reflexões sobre a violência contra as mulheres e metodologias estético políticas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Creating theatre for young audiences : UKULELE MEKULELE and SHOW

A manifesto for creating theatre for young audiences, which also introduces two works by David Megarrity programmed by the Sydney Opoera House in 2004. ----- ----- Presented at educator's forum ‘Creating Theatre for Young People’, Sydney Opera House June 16, 2004

Power plays : Australian theatre and the public agenda

Power Plays capitalises on this moment of renewed and heightened interest by investigating the why and the how of eight contemporary Australian playwrights: Andrew Bovell, Patricia Cornelius, Reg Cribb, Ben Ellis, Wesley Enoch, Hannie Rayson, Stephen Sewell and Katherine Thomson. These writers are passionate about the theatre as a forum for public discussion and they interrogate current issues in their work. Their plays reflect the passing show of cultural, political and economic life in Australia, telling audiences something critical about what is going on: this is the state of play, this is what we are.

The author has conducted extensive interviews with these writers and offers an extended analysis of some of their recent plays.