Des cheminements sur la voie royale : une analyse sociologique des parcours de vie des normaliens-ne-s de Saint-Cloud, Fontenay-aux-Roses et Lyon (1981-1987)

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'analyse des parcours de vie d'un groupe d'anciens et anciennes élèves d'un établissement scolaire d'élite français (les Ecoles normales supérieures de Fontenay-aux-roses, Saint-Cloud et Lyon - promotions 1981-1987). A partir d'une approche longitudinale, son but est de montrer comment l'articulation entre la socialisation familiale, scolaire, professionnelle et conjugale participe à l'orientation progressive des parcours de vie des normalien-ne-s. Elle vise ainsi à remettre en question l'idée, largement répandue, selon laquelle l'intégration d'un cursus scolaire aussi sélectif et prestigieux que celui des ENS garantirait à Lou.te.s les élèves les mêmes chances d'accès aux positions dominantes de l'espace social. Alliant l'analyse de trois types de données (archives, questionnaires, entretiens), cette thèse met en évidence la manière dont inégalités relatives à l'origine sociale et au sexe se recomposent, une fois les portes de l'institution franchies. Elle montre que, dans un contexte socio-historique marqué par une forte expansion scolaire, il est plus que jamais nécessaire d'opérer une articulation systématique entre l'analyse des conditions sociales de réussite scolaire et l'analyse des conditions sociales d'exploitation des titres scolaires, afin de rendre compte des processus complexes de reproduction des inégalités et d'esquisser certaines de leur conditions de dépassement. Abstract: This thesis is dedicated to the life course analysis of alumni from one of the most prestigious French Grandes écoles (the Ecoles Normales Supérieures of Fontenay-aux- roses, Saint-Cloud and Lyon - classes of 1981.-1987). Through a longitudinal perspective, it aims to analyze how family, educational, professional and conjugal socialization processes combine to shape the life course of this particular group of graduates. The main goal of this research is to question the widespread belief that the French Grandes Ecoles guarantee automatic access to the very top of the professional and social hierarchy for all of their graduates. Based on a mixed methods research design (archive data, a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews), this thesis shows that, according to social origin and gender, ENS graduates actually adopt a diverse range of professional careers. It show how, in a socio-historical context characterized by a general increase in educational levels, any analysis of social inequalities should combine two levels of analysis: the social conditions of access to educational credentials, on the one hand, and the labor market value of formal qualifications, on the other hand. Our results suggest that the combined analysis of these two processes provide useful insight into the increasingly complex processes of social reproduction - and suggest fruitful perspectives for reducing some sources of inequality.

L'expérience esthétique et quotidienne du parc en ville : le cas d'étude du parc La Fontaine à Montréal

Ce mémoire s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’architecture du paysage et du design urbain. La recherche se construit autour d’un questionnement sur le sens pouvant être attribué au parc La Fontaine par ses usagers en tant que cadre de vie urbain montréalais. Ce parc est un lieu emblématique de la ville par le caractère historique de son aménagement. Il est aussi un lieu populaire par sa situation géographique centrale au sein de l’arrondissement du Plateau-Mont-Royal. Par l’analyse de ce parc, nous cherchons à porter un regard sur la manière dont se construit l’expérience d’un parc urbain dans les particularités de son aménagement, de son contexte social et culturel. Notre étude semble pertinente dans la mesure où cet espace n’a jamais été abordé selon l’analyse de l’expérience paysagère. Notre réflexion se construit à partir d’un modèle socioculturel soutenu par une revue de littérature en architecture de paysage. Les travaux menés à la Chaire en paysage et environnement de l’Université de Montréal ont particulièrement été sollicités. Ce modèle considère le paysage comme une qualification sociale et culturelle d’un territoire. Il engage l’analyse vers des perspectives pluridimensionnelle, expérientielle et polysensorielle, tout en considérant le caractère formel (attributs physiques) du paysage. Nous avons également joint à ce cadre théorique les recherches menées en design et en anthropologie des sens. Ces axes de recherche éclairent les notions de l’expérience esthétique et sensorielle particulièrement en regard de la compréhension du vécu d’un espace ordinaire et quotidien. Selon ce cadre conceptuel, notre recherche fait appel à une approche compréhensive. Ainsi, nous abordons l’expérience du parc par un modèle d’analyse mettant l’emphase sur les usages, l’interprétation et la représentation de l’aménagement du parc La Fontaine. La méthodologie s’appuie sur une démarche de recherche qualitative. Elle se fonde sur une observation non participante des usagers du parc, sur des entretiens semi-dirigés et sur une étude physico-spatiale du lieu. Ce mémoire a pour finalité de conduire une première lecture du parc La Fontaine en abordant les dimensions composant le vécu de ses usagers. Nous espérons pouvoir contribuer à notre échelle à l’avancée des connaissances de cet espace du point de vue expérientiel et de la perspective paysagère sur la compréhension des parcs urbains.

The social dimension: a neglected policy item in the Bologna Process

Since its beginning in 1999, the Bologna Process has influenced various aspects of higher education in its member countries, e.g., degree structures, mobility, lifelong learning, social dimension and quality assurance. The social dimension creates the focus of this research. The social dimension entered the Bologna Process agenda in 2001. Despite a decade of reforms, it somehow remained as a vague element and received low scholarly attention. This research addresses to this gap. Firstly, different meanings of the social dimension according to the major European policy actors are analysed. Unfolding the understandings of the actors revealed that the social dimension is mostly understood in terms reflecting the diversity of population on the student body accessing to, progressing in and completing higher education, with a special concern on the underrepresented groups. However, it is not possible to observe a similar commonality concerning the actual policy measures to achieve this goal. Divergence occurs with respect to the addressed underrepresented groups, i.e., all underrepresented groups or people without formal qualifications and mature learners, and the values and institutional interests traditionally promoted by these actors. Secondly, the dissertation discusses the reflection of this social dimension understanding at the national level by looking at cases of Finland, Germany and Turkey. The in-depth analyses show an awareness of the social dimension among most of the national Bologna Process actors and a common understanding of the social dimension goals. However, this understanding has not triggered action in any of the countries. The countries acted on areas which they defined problematic before the Bologna Process. Finally, based on these findings the dissertation discusses the social dimension as a policy item that managed to get into the Bologna Process agenda, but neither grew into an implementable policy, nor drop out of it. To this aim, it makes use of the multiple streams framework and explains the low agenda status social dimension with: i. the lack of a pressing problem definition: the lack of clearly defined indicators and a comprehensive monitoring system, ii. the lack of a viable solution alternative: the proposal of developing national strategies and action plans closed the way to develop generic guidelines for the social dimension to be translated into national policy processes, iii. low political perceptivity: the recent trends opt for increasing efficiency, excellence and exclusiveness discourses rather than ensuring equality and inclusiveness iv. high constraints: the social dimension by definition requires more public funding which is less appreciated and strategic constraints of the actors in allocating their resources v. the type of policy entrepreneur: the social dimension is promoted by an international stakeholder, the European Students’ Union, instead of the ministers responsible for higher education The social dimension remains a policy item in the Bologna Process which is noble enough to agree but not urgent enough to act on.

A importância da convergência de habilidades no desenvolvimento profissional na contemporaneidade

A convergência de habilidades adquire grande importância no desenvolvimento profissional do sujeito contemporâneo. Além das qualificações formais imprescindíveis para a execução das atividades relacionadas a um determinado campo de trabalho, é fundamental o desenvolvimento de habilidades interculturais que possam favorecer no sujeito tanto o entendimento dos demais, como a atuação concomitante nos diversos cenários profissionais que se entrecruzam de forma complexa.

Towards a profitable and sustainable future for grain growers: A professional development model for farm partners

Many Australian grain growers need to change their management approach to ensure their continued viability, but do not have the required knowledge and skills. Uptake of relevant education and training is poor, despite the positive correlation between learning, change and farm viability. As men are generally occupied with the operational aspects of the farm, much of the management role has been taken on by their partners, despite their lack of relevant formal qualifications. Professional development of farm partners therefore has the potential to improve the viability of grain growers. A model combining learning circles and action learning projects is proposed.

The training experience of primary care pharmacists

Objectives — To map the tasks, activities and training provision for primary care pharmacists (PCPs) and to identify perceived future training needs. Methods — Survey undertaken in 1998/1999 using a pre-piloted, postal, self-completion questionnaire to two samples of PCPs. Setting — PCPs in (a) the West Midlands and (b) England (outside West Midlands). Key findings — The response rate was 66 per cent. A majority (68 per cent) had worked in the role for less than two years. Eighty per cent had some form of continuing education or training for the role although only 50 per cent had a formal qualification. Over two-thirds had contributed to the funding of their training, with one-third providing all funding. Seventy-four per cent of PCPs agreed that pharmacists should go through a procedure to ensure competence (accreditation) before being allowed to work for a general medical practice or primary care group. Views on the need for formal education/training prior to work differed: 82 per cent of those with formal qualifications, but only 46 per cent of those without, considered that this should be a requirement. There was general agreement that training/education had met training needs. Views on future training closely reflected previous training experiences, with a focus upon pharmaceutical roles rather than upon generic skill development and the acquisition of management skills. Conclusions — The study provides a snapshot in time of the experience of pioneer PCPs and the training available to them. PCPs will need further training or updating if they are to provide the wider roles required by the developing needs of the National Health Service. Consideration should be given to formal recognition of the training of PCPs in order to assure competence. The expectation that pharmacists should fund their own training is likely to be a barrier to uptake of training and uncertainties over funding will militate against consistency of training.

Translating specialised texts:an overview of key factors involved in translator training for specialized translation

Translators wishing to work on translating specialised texts are traditionally recommended to spend much time and effort acquiring specialist knowledge of the domain involved, and for some areas of specialised activity, this is clearly essential. For other types of translation-based, domain-specific of communication, however, it is possible to develop a systematic approach to the task which will allow for the production of target texts which are adequate for purpose, in a range of specialised domains, without necessarily having formal qualifications in those areas. For Esselink (2000) translation agencies, and individual clients, would tend to prefer a subject expert who also happens to have competence in one or more languages over a trained translator with a high degree of translation competence, including the ability to deal with specialised translation tasks. The problem, for the would-be translator, is persuading prospective clients that he or she is capable of this. This paper will offer an overview of the principles used to design training intended to teach trainee translators how to use a systematic approach to specialised translation, in order to extend the range of areas in which they can tackle translation, without compromising quality or reliability. This approach will be described within the context of the functionalist approach developed in particular by Reiss and Vermeer (1984), Nord (1991, 1997) inter alia.

MODERN SPORT COACHING AND THE LAW: IMPLICATIONS FOR COACH EDUCATION

Introduction
The intersection between the law of negligence and sport coaching in the UK is a developing area (Partington, 2014; Kevan, 2005). Crucially, since the law of negligence may be regarded as generally similar everywhere (Magnus, 2006), with the predominance of volunteer coaches in the UK reflective of the majority of countries in the world (Duffy et al., 2011), a detailed scrutiny of this relationship from the perspective of the coach uncovers important implications for coach education beyond this jurisdiction.  
Argumentation
Fulfilment of the legal duty of discharging reasonable care may be regarded as consistent with the ethical obligation not to expose athletes to unreasonable risks of injury (Mitten, 2013). More specifically, any ‘profession’ requiring ‘special skill or competence’ (Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582), including the coaching of sport (e.g., Davenport v Farrow [2010] EWHC 550), requires a higher standard of care to be displayed than would be expected of the ordinary reasonable person (Lunney & Oliphant, 2013; Jones & Dugdale, 2010). For instance, volunteer coaches with no formal qualifications (e.g., Fowles v Bedfordshire County Council [1996] ELR 51) would be judged by this benchmark of professional liability (Powell & Stewart, 2012). Further, as the principles of coaching are constantly assessed and revised (Cassidy et al., 2009; Taylor & Garratt, 2010), so too is the legal standard of care required of coaches (Powell & Stewart, 2012). Problematically, ethical concerns may include coaches being unwilling to increase knowledge, abusive treatment of players and incompetence/inexperience (Haney et al., 1998). These factors accentuate coaches’ exposure to civil liability.
Implications
It is imperative that coaches have an awareness of this emerging intersection and develop a ‘proactive risk assessment lens’ (Hartley, 2010). In addition to supporting the professionalisation of sport coaching, coach education/CPD focused on the legal and ethical aspects of coaching (Duffy et al., 2011; Telfer, 2010; Haney et al., 1998) would enhance the safety and welfare of performers, safeguard coaches from litigation risk, and potentially improve all levels of coaching (Partington, 2014). Interestingly, there is evidence to suggest a demand from coaches for more training on health and safety issues, including risk management and (ir)responsible coaching (Stirling et al., 2012). Accordingly, critical examination of the issue of negligent coaching would inform coach education by: enabling the modelling and sharing of best practice; unpacking important ethical concerns; and, further informing the classification of coaching as a ‘profession’.

An investigation into formal and functional characteristics of qualifications in legislative writing and its application to English for academic legal purposes.

The present investigation is based on a linguistic analysis of the 'Housing Act 1980' and attempts to examine the role of qualifications in the structuring of the legislative statement. The introductory chapter isolates legislative writing as a "sub-variety “of legal language and provides an overview of the controversies surrounding the way it is written and the problems it poses to its readers. Chapter two emphasizes the limitations of the available work on the description of language-varieties for the analysis of legislative writing and outlines the approach adopted for the present analysis. This chapter also gives some idea of the information-structuring of legislative provisions and establishes qualification as a key element in their textualisation. The next three chapters offer a detailed account of the ten major qualification-types identified in the corpus, concentrating on the surface form they take, the features of legislative statements they textualize and the syntactic positions to which they are generally assigned in the statement of legislative provisions. The emerging hypotheses in these chapters have often been verified through a specialist reaction from a Parliamentary Counsel, largely responsible for the writing of the ‘Housing Act 1980’• The findings suggest useful correlations between a number of qualificational initiators and the various aspects of the legislative statement. They also reveal that many of these qualifications typically occur in those clause-medial syntactic positions which are sparingly used in other specialist discourse, thus creating syntactic discontinuity in the legislative sentence. Such syntactic discontinuities, on the evidence from psycholinguistic experiments reported in chapter six, create special problems in the processing and comprehension of legislative statements. The final chapter converts the main linguistic findings into a series of pedagogical generalizations, offers indications of how this may be applied in EALP situations and concludes with other considerations of possible applications.

Digital Systems for Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning

Today, Digital Systems and Services for Technology Supported Learning and Education are recognized as the key drivers to transform the way that individuals, groups and organizations “learn” and the way to “assess learning” in 21st Century. These transformations influence: Objectives - moving from acquiring new “knowledge” to developing new and relevant “competences”; Methods – moving from “classroom” based teaching to “context-aware” personalized learning; and Assessment – moving from “life-long” degrees and certifications to “on-demand” and “in-context” accreditation of qualifications. Within this context, promoting Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning, is currently a key issue in the public discourse and the global dialogue on Education, including Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Flipped School Classrooms. This volume on Digital Systems for Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning contributes to the international dialogue between researchers, technologists, practitioners and policy makers in Technology Supported Education and Learning. It addresses emerging issues related with both theory and practice, as well as, methods and technologies that can support Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning. In the twenty chapters contributed by international experts who are actively shaping the future of Educational Technology around the world, topics such as: - The evolution of University Open Courses in Transforming Learning - Supporting Open Access to Teaching and Learning of People with Disabilities - Assessing Student Learning in Online Courses - Digital Game-based Learning for School Education - Open Access to Virtual and Remote Labs for STEM Education - Teachers’ and Schools’ ICT Competence Profiling - Web-Based Education and Innovative Leadership in a K-12 International School Setting are presented. An in-depth blueprint of the promise, potential, and imminent future of the field, Digital Systems for Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning is necessary reading for researchers and practitioners, as well as, undergraduate and postgraduate students, in educational technology.

Pedagogia do esporte : organização, sistematização, aplicação e avaliação de conteúdos esportivos na educação não formal = Sport pedagogy : organization, systematization and application of sports content in non-formal education

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Trajetórias de vida : lembranças, caminhos e constituições dos saberes docentes de professores de Educação Física = Paths and trajectories of life : memories, paths and establishment of teaching knowledge of Physical Education Professors

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Popularização do autoexame da boca: um exemplo de educação não formal - Parte II

Um dos maiores desafios das universidades, em especial das públicas, é transpor o conhecimento científico produzido entre seus muros para a população em geral. A educação não formal é uma ferramenta importante e ainda pouco utilizada pelos pesquisadores e docentes para aproximar o cotidiano do conhecimento científico. O câncer de boca atinge mais 11.000 brasileiros por ano. A despeito da alta incidência, esta patologia é ainda pouco conhecida da população em geral e de parte da classe médica e odontológica. Baseando-se nos dados epidemiológicos, em pesquisas e artigos científicos, o câncer de boca foi o tema eleito para a ação em educação e comunicação da primeira campanha nacional, de caráter não governamental, de prevenção de câncer de boca, um ótimo exemplo de como isso pode ser feito. Este trabalho se propõe a descrever a metodologia de comunicação utilizada e os resultados obtidos nesta experiência.