870 resultados para Flavonóides : Atividade antioxidante
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A anona é um fruto muito apreciado pelas suas características organoléticas distintas, nomeadamente textura e sabor. Desde 2000, a anona da Madeira foi registada com Denominação de Origem Protegida. Depois da banana, é o fruto mais exportado na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Hoje em dia, a valorização de resíduos e de subprodutos agroalimentares tornou-se uma necessidade, sobretudo quando é possível utilizar estes subprodutos para o desenvolvimento e conceção de novos produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante, teor de fenólicos e de flavonóides totais e os teores das vitaminas C e E em subprodutos de três cultivares de anona (Madeira, Mateus II e Perry Vidal). As amostras de Annona cherimola Mill. foram colhidas em diversos locais da Região Autónoma da Madeira. Posteriormente, as amostras foram separadas em polpa, casca e semente e procedeu-se à determinação dos parâmetros analíticos. Os extratos da casca e da semente para avaliação da atividade antioxidante, fenólicos totais e flavonóides totais, foram preparados em etanol (90%, v/v). Para avaliação da atividade antioxidante, utilizou-se o método do DPPH•, e os resultados foram expressos em EC50. O teor de fenólicos totais foi determinado pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu e os resultados foram expressos em equivalentes de ácido gálhico. Os resultados referentes aos flavonóides totais foram expressos em equivalentes de epicatequina. Para a determinação das vitaminas utilizou-se a cromatografia líquida com deteção por díodos. A maior atividade antioxidante foi determinada na casca da anona do cultivar Madeira e a menor nas sementes da anona do cultivar Perry Vidal. O teor de fenólicos totais e de flavonóides totais também foi superior na casca comparativamente à semente dos diferentes cultivares analisados. O teor de vitamina C total variou entre 1,54 ± 0,1 (semente) e 5,17 ± 0,1 mg/100 g (casca), para o cultivar Perry Vidal. O teor de vitamina E (α-tocoferol) mais elevado foi determinado para a semente do cultivar Mateus II (1,1 ± 0,07 mg/100 g). Os resultados obtidos demonstram o potencial antioxidante dos subprodutos da anona da Madeira, sobretudo a casca, podendo constituir desta forma uma fonte natural de extratos de valor acrescentado com aplicações em inúmeras indústrias, nomeadamente a alimentar, farmacêutica e/ou cosmética.
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Os antioxidantes e os compostos bioativos naturalmente presentes nas frutas e vegetais têm suscitado um especial interesse entre os consumidores devido aos potenciais benefícios que apresentam para a saúde. Hoje em dia, uma das formas de consumo de frutas e vegetais é sob forma de sumos detox. No entanto, é fundamental avaliar as propriedades nutricionais e bioativas dos alimentos quando se misturam, dado que grande parte da informação disponível na literatura diz respeito aos ingredientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise comparativa da atividade antioxidante, do teor de compostos fenólicos totais e do teor de flavonóides totais, entre um sumo detox e os seus ingredientes. Foram analisados 3 tipos de frutas (laranja, pera e banana), 2 tipos de vegetais (espinafres e cenoura) e o sumo detox, cuja composição se baseou na junção dos ingredientes anteriormente referidos. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada utilizando dois métodos, 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH•) e o poder de redução férrica (FRAP). O teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi determinado pelo método Folin-Ciocalteu, sendo os resultados expressos em equivalentes de ácido gálhico (EAG). O teor de flavonóides totais foi expresso em equivalentes de epicatequina (EEC). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a laranja foi a amostra que apresentou maior atividade antioxidante, nos dois métodos utilizados. Relativamente ao teor de compostos fenólicos totais e ao teor de flavonóides totais, os espinafres apresentaram o valor mais elevado, 0,369 ± 0,04 mg EAG/mL e 113,2 ± 8,0 µg EEC/mL, respetivamente. A cenoura foi a amostra que apresentou o menor valor para os dois métodos 0,135 ± 0,0 mg EAG/mL para os compostos fenólicos totais e 21,9 ± 1,3 µg EEC/mL para os flavonóides totais. Tendo por base os resultados obtidos é possível concluir que o sumo detox analisado, de uma forma geral, apresenta um baixo poder antioxidante, comparativamente aos seus ingredientes.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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The main aim of this study was to compare the procedure for dehydration of Gracilaria birdiae prepared handmade and laboratory, collected in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The sample was collected in the Rio do Fogo beach in march 2009. The sample collected followed by two processing, the first the material prepared in laboratory was air-dried at 50°C for 24 hours in air-flow oven. The second the handmade sample was air-dried on the sun during three days. The extract was prepared in three different solvents: ethanol, hydroethanol and water, resulting in ethanol, hidroethanol and aqueous extracts from handmade and laboratory sample. In according with results only the ethanol extract was fractionated yielding the fractions hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The different process to obtain Gracilaria birdiae resulted in the samples with different shades. The soluble solids content was higher in the laboratory sample. The chemical composition the both samples were characterized by presenting a considerable amounts of carbohydrates, with amior percentage protein and ash, respectively, in the handmade and laboratory sample. In two samples showed a low content of lipids and the lipid profile showed a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, with the absence polyunsaturated handmade sample. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins the laboratory sample, presenting a greater diversity of bioactive compounds. Through of the analysis by thin layer chromatography was possible to identify the phytosterols β-sitosterol and stigmasterol the both samples, also suggest the presence of β-carotene and chlorophyll α the laboratory sample. The levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were more significant in the ethanol extract of the laboratory sample. The in vitro lethality showed that extracts of the laboratory sample and handmade from 125 to 500 μg/ mL, respectively, were highly lethal. In the evaluation of antioxidant capacity by the system β-carotene/ácido linoleic method and by DPPH radical scavernging assay, the ethanol extract from the laboratory process showed significantly greater activity than the other extracts, being and the first and second methods, respectively, lower and equivalent to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The handmade ethanol extract has not demonstrated skill in deactivating free radicals, but showed activity in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, although the values were significantly lower than the laboratory sample. We conclude that the dehydration process in the laboratory is the most efficient technique to maintenance of the chemical composition present in the seaweed, providing beneficial properties such as antioxidant capacity. We emphasize that this property can be explored with the objective of adding commercial value to the final product, which will promote the expansion of production of this seaweed in the community of Rio do Fogo
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Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as cajá-umbu, is an endemic plant from Northeastern Brazil, where their leaves are widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory processes, while their fruits have a great agro industrial potential. This study was designed to evaluate hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the acute toxicity and repeated dose 28, using a methanolic extract (MES), a fraction rich in flavonoids (FRF) and a precipitate from Spondias sp.leaves. The antioxidant activity of them was valued to evaluate their free radical scavenger capacity by DPPH test, whereas MES and FRF were used to evaluate while the preventive action on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Seven groups (n=5) of female Wistar rats were used as follows: control group, CCl4-intoxicated group treated with EMS (500 mg/kg) for 7 days, three CCl4-intoxicated groups treated with FRF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) for 7 days and the CCl4-intoxicated group treated with Legalon ® (silimarina; (phytotherapeutic reference) (50 mg/kg; 7 days). MES and FRF showed a protective action against liver injury induced by CCl4, being observed a significant reduction of serum enzyme activity marker of liver damage (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase). On the other hand, the lipid peroxidation (SRAT) decrease, as well as the increase of glutathione content and enzyme activity of antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx) toward near normal values indicated the ability of EMS to restore the oxidative imbalance induced by CCl4. The histological analysis confirmed the hepatoprotection, compared to degenerative changes in CCl4-treated group. This hepatoprotetor effect was similar to that shown by Legalon®. The in vitro high antioxidant capacity of extract (93.16 ± 1.00%) showed analogous results to those obtained by Carduus marianus BHT (reference standard). This fact explains the obtained results in vivo. Although no antimicrobial activity was detected, EMS and FRF promoted the antinociceptive effect induced in the second phase by the intraplantar formalin test, evidencing the anti-inflammatory action; confirmed by the carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. The evaluation of the mechanical allodynia (CFA a 80%) demonstrated the involvement of the Spondias sp. chemical composition in the anti-inflammatory activity toward the acute processes. The acute exposure and repeated dose during 28 days did not produce significant changes in the parameters that evaluate toxicity. Together the experimental results reveal, that Spondias sp. leaf extracts have a promising potential in pharmaceutical area, and due to its non-toxic condition present efficiency and security
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR
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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR
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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS
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The Terminalia catappa Linn belonging to Combretaceae family, popularly known as castanets, has fruits consists of a fleshy pulp, rounded seed and a very hard shell. The natural pigmentation existing in the fruit of castanet indicates the presence of anthocyanins, phenolic nature components belonging to the group of flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity. This research was conducted with the castanets and aimed to the study of factors influencing the extraction of dyes from its pulp. The extracts were obtained using a reactor enjaquetado by solid-liquid extraction. The factors were evaluated as temperature, time, solvent ratio and pH extraction. Adopting a factorial design of 24 , with 4 repetitions at the central point, the effects of these factors on the extraction process were analyzed using Statistica 7.0 software. The antioxidant activity (AA), the content of phenolic compounds (CFT) and the total monomeric anthocyanin content (AMT) were evaluated as response variables planning. Statistical analysis of the results, the effects that influenced the extraction were different for each response (CFT, AMT and AA). However, the pH was significant for the extraction of all compounds. The kinetic behavior of the dye extraction was also studied for phenolic compounds, monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, in which the equilibrium was reached after 90 minutes of extraction. To study the stability of anthocyanins temperature was the factor that most influenced the stability, however the concentration and pH also played a part.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior