Herramienta para el desarrollo del mercado de futuros de renta fija en Colombia a través de coberturas

El mercado de derivados es un determinante del desarrollo y madurez de los mercados de capitales en el mundo -- Aunque muchos asocian la palabra “derivados” con alto riesgo, la realidad es que estos pueden ser utilizados como herramienta de cobertura, especulación y arbitraje, por lo que se puede decir que estos, en especial los derivados estandarizados, juegan un papel importante dentro de la gestión de riesgos de los portafolios de inversión -- De ahí la importancia de brindarles a los agentes una herramienta por medio de la cual conozcan sus ventajas y utilidad en especial para el mercado de TES tasa fija en Colombia, el cual ha venido funcionando desde el año 2008 con un crecimiento lento, baja liquidez y profundidad, lo que ha generado poco interés por parte de los agentes debido a varios factores en los cuales no se ha trabajado a profundidad -- A partir de esta problemática, se presenta el desarrollo de los futuros de TES tasa fija en el mercado de capitales colombiano y se plantean las soluciones encaminadas al desarrollo del mismo observando la experiencia en el mercado mexicano, que ha servido de modelo para su implementación en Colombia, y la utilidad que tienen como herramienta de cobertura para la gestión de riesgos de portafolios de inversión

Opciones reales en la gerencia de proyectos

Teniendo en cuenta el escaso conocimiento y utilización de las opciones reales a la hora de realizar la evaluación financiera de un proyecto, se evidencia una oportunidad de elaborar un estado del arte de esta metodología con el fin de comparar las ventajas y las desventajas respecto a los métodos tradicionales más utilizados -- Para el desarrollo de la investigación se recurrió a información secundaria dentro de las bases de datos de la universidad EAFIT y su biblioteca, donde se encontraron artículos y material académico que arrojaron datos significativos que contribuyeron al cumplimiento de los objetivos -- Dentro de los resultados se encentra que el VPN y la TIR son las metodologías más comunes para la evaluación de proyectos en gran medida por su sencilla aplicación -- Por otro lado, las opciones reales son poco utilizadas por desconocimiento y por la aparente complejidad de su aplicación -- La mayor desventaja que presentan las metodologías tradicionales es que son estáticas, rígidas, orientadas al corto plazo y no manejan eficazmente la incertidumbre, mientras que las opciones reales tienen en cuenta la flexibilidad estratégica incorporada en un proyecto

Plataforma de información financiera como herramienta de apoyo para la gestión y toma de decisiones en las Pymes

Las pymes se encuentran envueltas en problemas derivados en distorsiones del sistema empresarial, que incide en la mortalidad de las mismas: la falta de criterios para la toma de decisiones asertivas, lo cual tiene un impacto directo también en la economía en general, y contribuye al aumento del desempleo, la desaceleración económica y, finalmente, a la reducción de la calidad de vida de la sociedad -- El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en proponer una plataforma de información financiera integral que se constituya en una herramienta de análisis para las pymes en Medellín, Colombia -- Para resolverlo, se desarrollan los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1. Diagnosticar la gestión empresarial en la toma de decisiones -- 2. Describir la información financiera necesaria para la toma de decisiones empresariales -- 3. Indicar los aspectos constitutivos de una plataforma financiera para la gestión empresarial -- Para mitigar esta problemática, la implementación del sistema de información financiero propuesto contribuye al entorno competitivo de las pymes, lo cual permite automatizar procesos, estabilidad laboral y empresarial, reducción de costos, accesibilidad a nuevas tecnologías y crear las bases para la toma de decisiones, con la finalidad de mejorar la competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas

Financial distress, financial constraint and investment decision: Evidence from Brazil

This paper analyses the presence of financial constraint in the investment decisions of 367 Brazilian firms from 1997 to 2004, using a Bayesian econometric model with group-varying parameters. The motivation for this paper is the use of clustering techniques to group firms in a totally endogenous form. In order to classify the firms we used a hybrid clustering method, that is, hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering techniques jointly. To estimate the parameters a Bayesian approach was considered. Prior distributions were assumed for the parameters, classifying the model in random or fixed effects. Ordinate predictive density criterion was used to select the model providing a better prediction. We tested thirty models and the better prediction considers the presence of 2 groups in the sample, assuming the fixed effect model with a Student t distribution with 20 degrees of freedom for the error. The results indicate robustness in the identification of financial constraint when the firms are classified by the clustering techniques. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sampled Control for Mean-Variance Hedging in a Jump Diffusion Financial Market

In this technical note we consider the mean-variance hedging problem of a jump diffusion continuous state space financial model with the re-balancing strategies for the hedging portfolio taken at discrete times, a situation that more closely reflects real market conditions. A direct expression based on some change of measures, not depending on any recursions, is derived for the optimal hedging strategy as well as for the ""fair hedging price"" considering any given payoff. For the case of a European call option these expressions can be evaluated in a closed form.

Multicollinearity and financial constraint in investment decisions: a Bayesian generalized ridge regression

This paper addresses the investment decisions considering the presence of financial constraints of 373 large Brazilian firms from 1997 to 2004, using panel data. A Bayesian econometric model was used considering ridge regression for multicollinearity problems among the variables in the model. Prior distributions are assumed for the parameters, classifying the model into random or fixed effects. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the parameters, considering normal and Student t distributions for the error and assumed that the initial values for the lagged dependent variable are not fixed, but generated by a random process. The recursive predictive density criterion was used for model comparisons. Twenty models were tested and the results indicated that multicollinearity does influence the value of the estimated parameters. Controlling for capital intensity, financial constraints are found to be more important for capital-intensive firms, probably due to their lower profitability indexes, higher fixed costs and higher degree of property diversification.

The Controllership Relevance or Risk Management in non-Financial Companies: a study of risk managers` and controllers` perceptions

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Controllership relevance as support risk management in non-financial companies. Risk management is a widely discussed and disseminated subject amongst financial institutions. It is obvious that economic uncertainties and, consequently, prevention and. control must also exist in non-financial companies. To enable managers to take safe-decisions, it is essential for them to be able to count on instrumental support that provides timely and adequate information, to ensure lower levels of mistakes and risk exposure. However, discussion concerning risk management in non-financial companies is still in its early stages in Brazil. Considering this gap, this study aims at assessing how Controllership has been acting in? companies under the insight of risk and how it can contribute to risk management in non-financial companies. To achieve the proposed goal, a field research was. carried-out with non-financial companies that are located in the city Sao Paulo and listed in the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa). The research was carried out using questionnaires, which were sent do Risk Officers and Controllers of those companies with the purpose of evaluating their perception on the subject. The results,of the research allow us to conclude that Controllership offers support to risk management, through information that contributes to the mitigation of the risks in non-financial companies.

Diagnosis of Organizational Soft Problems in a Peruvian Financial Institution by Systemic Thinking

Managing financial institutions in an underdeveloped economic context has become a real challenge nowadays. In order to reach the organization`s planned goals, they have to deal with structural, behavioral and informational problems. From the systemic point of view, this situation gets even worse when the company does not present organizational boundaries and a cohesive identification for their stakeholders. Thus, European countries have some special financial lines in order to help the development of micro credit in Latin communities in an attempt to help the local economy. However, institutions like Caixa dos Andes in Peru present management problems when dealing with this complexity. Based on this, how can the systemic eye help in the diagnosis of soft problems of a Peruvian financial company? This study aims to diagnose soft problems of a Peruvian financial company based on soft variables like identity, communication and autonomy and also intends to identify possible ways to redesign its basic framework. The (VSM--Viable System Model) method from Beer (1967), applied in this diagnostic study, was used in a practical way as a management tool for organizations` analysis and planning. By describing the VSM`s five systems, the creation of a systemic vision or a total vision is possible, showing the organization`s complexity from the inside. Some company`s soft problems like double control, inefficient use of physical and human resources, low information flows, slowness, etc. The VSM presented an organizational diagnosis indicating effective solutions that do integrate its five systems.

Financial leverage and tangibility of assets of Brazilian companies of agribusiness in the post-real plan period

This paper aims to study the relationship between the debt level and the asset structure of Brazilian companies of the agribusiness sector, since it is considered a current and relevant discussion: to evaluate the mechanisms for fund-raising and guarantees. The methodology of Granger`s Causality test and Autoregressive Vectors was used to conduct a comparative analysis, applied to a financial database of companies with open capital of Brazilian agribusiness, in particular the agricultural sector and Fisheries and Food and Beverages in a period of 10 years (1997-2007) from quarterly series available in the database of Economatica(R). The results demonstrated that changes in leverage generate variations in the tangibility of the companies, a fact that can be explained by the large search of funding secured by fiduciary transfer of fixed assets, which facilitates access to credit by business of the Agribusiness sector, increasing the payment time and lowering interest rates.