758 resultados para Filtros e filtração


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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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The present work resulted from a study about coolant filtration systems in industries with metalworking process in large scale. The filtration and element filter world markets move billions of Reais per year and have a promissory future considering that with the global requirements of sustainable economic development, many companies invest in new filtering technology. Either known as coolant or cutting fluid, it is used to lubricate e cool parts during machining and is necessary due to the high volume demanded in the several machining operations and to the high cost of the product. Therefore, there is the need for recycling the product after its use. The work shows the technology and fundamentals of filtration as well as different filtering elements, filtration systems and scale contamination used in the industry. Also, there is a differentiation between filtration of the surface type (cake) and depth filtration and shows the basic theory of filtration by mathematic models in different operational conditions. Ultimately, project criteria for a coolant filtration system selection is shown followed by technical-operational details of a real vacuum filtration system and a case study aiming the operational cost reduction of the system

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The water supply and treatment is considered as a great benefit considering that, if done efficiently, provides public health. However, considering the WTP (Water Treatment Plant) is an industry, with its inputs and waste generation, they must be constantly evaluated and monitored to verify the best and most appropriate way to process and dispose their waste, minimizing therefore the potential impacts to the environment. By volume, the most significant waste is the rapid filter backwash water. It is very common the disposal of this waste without treatment in water sources, which are used, for the most part, as a water supply source of a downstream population. This study evaluated quantitative and qualitative parameters in filter backwash water in three WTP - Itaitinga, Maranguape and Pacatuba, located in Ceará State, northeast of Brazil. It was found that the Maranguape WTP, in terms of treatment capacity, is the larger. The Itaitinga WTP is the one that consumes more water during filters washing. The Pacatuba WTP exhibited higher concentration of total suspended and settleable solids, COD and aluminum in the filters backwash water. It is noteworthy that the settleable solids and total suspended solids in all three WTP are above the effluent discharge standard recommended by Resolution 154/2002 of SEMACE (State Superintendent of Environment of Ceará). It was concluded that the filter backwash water from the study WTP exceeded the allowed values for legislation to be disposed directly into surface water bodies. It is suggested as an alternative to treat and recycle the filter backwashing water the construction of sludge settling ponds.

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O lodo de suinocultura e o resíduo de serraria podem constituir problema ambiental quando dispostos no ambiente. A possibilidade de 36 tratamento via filtração foi o objetivo deste estudo. Foram avaliados o potencial de remoção de carga poluidora do lodo de suinocultura por filtros orgânicos de serragem (Pinus sp.), bem como o impacto do descarte no solo do lodo antes e após a filtragem. Utilizou-se um Argissolo e um Latossolo para o estudo da contaminação após a disposição de lodo de suinocultura e filtrado. O solo foi disposto por camadas em vasos de PVC e mantidos em condições naturais. Seis granulometrias de serragem foram utilizadas para estabelecer as vazões de trabalho (20, 25, 30, 40 e 50 mm) e avaliar o efeito do tempo de detenção na performance dos filtros. O maior tempo de detenção correspondeu ao menor tamanho de partícula de serragem. As vazões intermediárias, correspondentes ao tamanho intermediário de material filtrante, em dois filtros sucessivos (30 e 50 mm) com filtração diária, apresentaram melhor performance de filtragem. A filtração do lodo de suinocultura possibilitou redução da demanda química de oxigênio em 85 %, de sólidos totais em 95 % e de sólidos sedimentáveis em 100 %. A retenção de lodo de suinocultura na serragem proporcionou o enriquecimento do resíduo orgânico em nutrientes, bem como diminuição da relação C:N para aproximadamente 20:1. A percolação através de ambos os solos, de lodo de suinocultura antes e após filtragem através de filtro de serragem, determinou uma diminuição significativa de coliformes totais e fecais no percolado, mas dependente da contaminação do material aplicado. Foi observado também que, quanto maior o período sem precipitação pluviométrica após aplicação dos lodos no solo, menor a presença de patogênicos no percolado.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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OBJETIVO: Comparar as células-tronco mesenquimais humanas obtidas de filtros de coleta reutilizáveis àquelas coletadas em filtros descartáveis e caracterizá-las utilizando os critérios da International Society for Cellular Therapy. MÉTODOS: Foram isoladas células-tronco mesenquimais humanas de kits de coleta de medula óssea reutilizáveis e descartáveis, pela lavagem dos filtros com meio de cultura. As células isoladas foram caracterizadas de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela International Society for Cellular Therapy, por meio das técnicas de citometria de fluxo, diferenciação in vitro e citoquímica. RESULTADOS: As amostras foram obtidas de filtro descartável (n=3) e reutilizável (n=3). Todas as amostras obtidas de filtros descartáveis produziram células-tronco mesenquimais, e todas as células-tronco mesenquimais humanas derivadas de medula óssea preencheram os critérios estabelecidos pela International Society for Cellular Therapy. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que as células-tronco mesenquimais também podem ser obtidas de kits de coleta reutilizáveis (que permanecem em uso em vários centros, no mundo inteiro), para serem empregadas em pesquisa como uma fonte alternativa e ética.

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The contamination of water sources of public drinking by waste originated by anthropogenic activities has brought various risks to human health. Among the consequences of such activities can highlight the bloom of microalgae and cyanobacteria, which have the potential to produce toxins dangerous to humans, and the presence of humic substances that are generated by the decomposition of natural organic matter (NOM), such as vegetation. When found in water sources for public supply, present negative aspects conferring high color, odor and taste. The double filtration technology has good efficiency in water with the presence of cyanobacteria and different quality variations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the technique of double filtration with pre-oxidation for water purifiers the lagoon of Extremoz-RN, which currently has high concentrations of cyanobacteria. The research is summarized in four phases: the first phase turned to static tests in jarteste equipment in the laboratory and subsequent phases were tested in the Pilot Plant of Double Filtration. For the second and third stage filtration rates were tested filtration rates of 120 and 180 m3 / m2 .day for ascending boulders filters and 160 and 240 m3 / m2 .day in the filters in quick sand descendants. The last phase aimed to evaluate the double filtration with pre-oxidation. The results demonstrated that the system could produce double filtration in all trials of good quality water according to the Decree nº. 2914/11 of the Ministry of Health. The use of preoxidation favored the removal of microcystin and color at the end of the tests, reaching a percentage of color removal around 60%. The analysis of variance in the data, enabled prove that the filtration rates of 180 m3 / m2.d the gravel filter and 240 m3 /m2 .d in rapid filters, were the most significant for the removal of turbidity. The ascending filter of boulder 4 with particle size finer filter layer showed the best performance and the best means of turbidity and apparent color. The rapid filter downward 1 was more efficient in removing turbidity reaching removal about 100%

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.