Factores de riesgo para mediastinitis en adultos sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular Fundación Abood Shaio 2000 - 2006

La mediastinitis post cirugía cardiovascular es una complicación severa de mal pronóstico, con incidencia mundial de 0.4 al 5% y mortalidad de 8.6-42%. En Bogotá 2 trabajos de investigación reportan una incidencia de 1.7% en 1999. Se pretende establecer factores de riesgo de la enfermedad y características propias de la Fundación Abood Shaio. este estudio retrospectivo de caso y control, de Enero-2000 a Diciembre-2006, buscó identificar factores de riesgo asociados con aparición de mediastinitis postcirugía cardiovascular en la Fundación Abood Shaio. Se revisaron base de datos y registros existentes sobre 6113 cirugías cardiovasculares, encontrando 48 pacientes adultos que desarrollaron mediastinitis posquirúrgica.

Temperature enhanced effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in 95 large US communities, 1987-2000 - assessment using the NMMAPS data

A few studies examined interactive effects between air pollution and temperature on health outcomes. This study is to examine if temperature modified effects of ozone and cardiovascular mortality in 95 large US cities. A nonparametric and a parametric regression models were separately used to explore interactive effects of temperature and ozone on cardiovascular mortality during May and October, 1987-2000. A Bayesian meta-analysis was used to pool estimates. Both models illustrate that temperature enhanced the ozone effects on mortality in the northern region, but obviously in the southern region. A 10-ppb increment in ozone was associated with 0.41 % (95% posterior interval (PI): -0.19 %, 0.93 %), 0.27 % (95% PI: -0.44 %, 0.87 %) and 1.68 % (95% PI: 0.07 %, 3.26 %) increases in daily cardiovascular mortality corresponding to low, moderate and high levels of temperature, respectively. We concluded that temperature modified effects of ozone, particularly in the northern region.

Kelan mielenterveyskuntoutuksessa olleiden lasten ja nuorten psyykenlääkkeiden käyttö ja kuntoutuminen. Rekisteriselvitys vuosilta 2000-2006

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Estudio epidemiológico sobre la prevalencia de brucelosis bovina categoría novillos 2000-2006 en municipios del departamento de León

La Brucelosis Bovina es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que afecta al hombre, animales domésticos y salvajes la cual es producida por una Bacteria del genero Brucella. Es una zoonosis por excelencia ya que se trasmite en forma natural de los animales vertebrados al nombre ocasionando pérdidas directas reduciendo la producción. Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia en el departamento de León se desarrolló un "ESTUDIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO SOBRE LA PREVALENCIA DE BRUCELOSIS BOVINA 2000-2006 EN MUNICIPIOS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE LEON" Por lo que se realizó un sangrado (Sangre sin anticoagulante) a una población total de 161,522 Bovinos distribuidos en las 3 fincas de referencia del Departamento de León, para este estudio diagnóstico se utilizó el método de Rosa de Bengala y un método confirmativo Rivanol. Los resultados del diagnóstico serológico presentaron una prevalencia global de 0.16%, presentando la finca de referencia "La Base" una prevalencia de 0.18%, La Garrapata 0.22% y Sán José del Fortín 0.02% y una prevalencia de 0% para los municipios El Jicaral, Nagarote y Quesalguaque, 0.18% para la Paz Centro , 0.02% para León, 0.10% para el Sauce, 0.41% para Telica y el municipio con mayor nivel de prevalencia fue Malpaisillo con 0.49% de una población total de 2,831 animales, por lo que se concluye en este trabajo de tesis que se obtuvo resultados con prevalencia de 0.16 %, lo cual es muy baja en novillos analizados por lo que se recomienda un estricto control y vigilancia para mantener el nivel bajo de prevalencia del Departamento de León y resto del país.

Evaluación de impacto de la organización para el desarrollo económico y social para el área urbana y rural (ODESAR) en condiciones de vida en cinco comunidades del municipio San Dionisio, Matagalpa, Nicaragua, en el período 2000-2006

El presente estudio fue realizado en el municipio San Dionisio, departamento de Matagalpa, Nicaragua, con el objetivo de conocer el impacto que ha tenido la Organización para el Desarrollo Económico y Social para el Área Urbana y Rural (ODESAR), en la mejoría de las condiciones de vida de las familias participantes en un proyecto que desarrolló en 5 comunidades en el periodo 2000 – 2006. En el estudio se definieron tres variables: Asistencia Técnica y Capacitación, Ingresos productivos, uso y manejo de los desechos orgánicos y lecciones aprendidas. El análisis de la información recopilada muestra que el componente productivo que desarrolló ODESAR con el proyecto, tuvo un impacto determinante en las familias beneficiadas, en mejorar sus condiciones de vida. En el análisis de los resultados de ingresos productivos, todos los productores reportan incrementos en el 2006 con relación al año 2000; Corozo por ejemplo, incrementó en casi 5 veces más sus ingresos y Wibuse en más de 4 veces. De igual manera el 87% de los productores mejoraron el acceso a los alimentos y el El 72% de los productores mejoraron el manejo de los desechos orgánicos. En el tema de lecciones aprendidas, los productores opinan que lo importante de sus aprendizajes es el rescate de los valores como la solidaridad, que les ha permitido avanzar en la diversificación de las parcelas, enfatizan en el aprovechamiento de la tierra para producir alimentos, vender los excedentes para poder comprar los productos que no se producen en sus fincas, de esta manera alcanzan un mejor bienestar de la familia.

Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: 2000-2006

This document describes the analytical methods used to quantify core organic chemicals in tissue and sediment collected as part of NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) for the years 2000-2006. Organic contaminat analytical methods used during the early years of the program are described in NOAA Technical Memoranda NOS ORCA 71 and 130 (Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1993; Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1998) for the years 1984-1992 and 1993-1996, respectively. These reports are available from our website (http://www.ccma.nos.gov) The methods detailed in this document were utilized by the Mussel Watch Project and Bioeffects Project, which are both part of the NS&T program. The Mussel Watch Project has been monitoring contaminants in bivalves and sediments since 1986 and is the longest active national contaminant monitoring program operating in U.S. costal waters. Approximately 280 Mussel Watch sites are sampled on a biennial and decadal timescale for bivalve tissue and sediment respectively. Similarly, the Bioeffects Assessment Project began in 1986 to characterize estuaries and near coastal environs. Using the sediment quality triad approach that measures; (1) levels of contaminants in sediments, (2) incidence and severity of toxicity, and (3) benthic macrofaunal conmmunities, the Bioeffects Project describes the spatial extent of sediment toxicity. Contaminant assessment is a core function of both projects. These methods, while discussed here in the context of sediment and bivalve tissue, were also used with other matricies including: fish fillet, fish liver, nepheloid layer, and suspended particulate matter. The methods described herein are for the core organic contaminants monitored in the NS&T Program and include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), butyltins, and organochlorines that have been analyzed consistently over the past 15-20 years. Organic contaminants such as dioxins, perfluoro compounds and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed periodically in special studies of the NS&T Program and will be described in another document. All of the analytical techniques described in this document were used by B&B Laboratories, Inc, an affiliate of TDI-Brook International, Inc. in College Station, Texas under contract to NOAA. The NS&T Program uses a performance-based system approach to obtain the best possible data quality and comparability, and requires laboratories to demonstrate precision, accuracy, and sensitivity to ensure results-based performance goals and measures. (PDF contains 75 pages)

Trends in counts of manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris from 1987 to 2006 in waters of Sarasota County, Florida, USA

To demonstrate the utility of distributional surveys for assessing relative abundance and trends in counts for a discrete area of coastline, aerial survey data from Sarasota County, Florida, USA, were analyzed for the years 1987 to 2006. The study area was divided into 3 regions: the Sarasota Bay Region (SBR; N = 353 surveys), Lemon Bay (N = 368), and the Myakka River (N = 209). Manatee counts varied significantly across seasons (p < 0.0001) for all 3 regions. Manatees within Sarasota County utilized open bays primarily in the warmer months. Such usage may have been influenced by resource availability. Conversely, usage of the Myakka River peaked in winter months when manatees seek warm-water refugia such as Warm Mineral Spring. Marginal means for yearly counts within Lemon Bay and the SBR increased significantly, beginning midway through the survey period (1996) until the early 2000s. In contrast, mean yearly counts within the Myakka River decreased over this time period. After record lows in 2003 for Lemon Bay and the Myakka River, and a considerable decline in 2004 for the SBR, mean yearly counts for all 3 regions showed an increasing trend over the remaining 2 yr of the study. Greater protection of manatee habitat and availability of forage coincided with the increase in numbers of manatees using Sarasota County waters during the 1990s, and the subsequent decline in numbers may be indicative of the increase in mortality in recent years due to watercraft collisions and severe red tide events.

Major and trace element analytical methods of the National Status and Trends Program: 2000-2006

This document contains analytical methods that detail the procedures for determining major and trace element concentrations in bivalve tissue and sediment samples collected as part of the National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) for the years 2000-2006. Previously published NOAA Technical Memoranda NOS ORCA 71 and 130 (Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1993; Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1998) detail trace element analyses for the years 1984-1992 and 1993-1996, respectively, and include ancillary, histopathology, and contaminant (organic and trace element) analytical methods. The methods presented in this document for trace element analysis were utilized by the NS&T Mussel Watch and Bioeffects Projects. The Mussel Watch Project has been monitoring contaminants in bivalves and sediment for over 20 years, and is the longest active contaminant monitoring program operating in U.S. costal waters. Approximately 280 Mussel Watch sites are monitored on biennial and decadal timescales using bivalve tissue and sediment, respectively. The Bioeffects Project applies the sediment quality approach, which uses sediment contamination measurements, toxicity tests and benthic macroinfauna quantification to characterize pollution in selected estuaries and coastal embayments. Contaminant assessment is a core function of both projects. Although only one contract laboratory was used by the NS&T Program during the specified time period, several analytical methods and instruments were employed. The specific analytical method, including instrumentation and detection limit, is noted for each measurement taken and can be found at http://NSandT.noaa.gov. The major and trace elements measured by the NS&T Program include: Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Ag, Cd, Hg, Tl and Pb.

Policy impacts on Vietnam stock markets: a case of anomalies and disequilibria 2000-2006

Vietnam launched its first-ever stock market, named as Ho Chi Minh City Securities Trading Center (HSTC) on July 20, 2000. This is one of pioneering works on HSTC, which finds empirical evidences for the following: Anomalies of the HSTC stock returns through clusters of limit-hits, limit-hit sequences; Strong herd effect toward extreme positive returns of the market portfolio;The specification of ARMA-GARCH helps capture fairly well issues such as serial correlations and fat-tailed for the stabilized period. By using further information and policy dummy variables, it is justifiable that policy decisions on technicalities of trading can have influential impacts on the move of risk level, through conditional variance behaviors of HSTC stock returns. Policies on trading and disclosure practices have had profound impacts on Vietnam Stock Market (VSM). The over-using of policy tools can harm the market and investing mentality. Price limits become increasingly irrelevant and prevent the market from self-adjusting to equilibrium. These results on VSM have not been reported before in the literature on Vietnam’s financial markets. Given the policy implications, we suggest that the Vietnamese authorities re-think the use of price limit and give more freedom to market participants.