Estudo microscópico e macroscópico, com enfoque radiográfico e de alizarina, no desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal de gatos domésticos (Felis catus) em diferentes idades gestacionais

O gato doméstico (Felis catus) foi nomeado por Carolus Linnaeus em seu livro Systema Naturae, em 1798. A família Felidea apresenta muita semelhança morfológica com os felinos selvagens. O estudo da embriologia do gato doméstico é de grande valia, uma vez que, é considerado um importante modelo animal quando comparado aos gatos selvagem em extinção, especialmente relacionado às pesquisas sobre biologia reprodutiva. Este trabalho objetivou análisar e comparar as fases embrionárias de quatro embriões e um feto de felinos domésticos. Nos embriões com idade gestacional estimada em 17 dias (0,5cm CR) podemos observar pela análise macroscópica a presença de dilatação rostral correspondente ao prosencéfalo, o local placóide do cristalino, a flexura cervical, os quatro arcos faríngeos com os sulcos que o dividem, a proeminência cardíaca, o indício do brotamento do membro pélvico, além da presença de somitos. Na região caudal do embrião, visualizamos a curvatura cranio-caudal, permitindo ao mesmo uma posição em formato de "C". Nos embriões com idade gestacional estimada em 22 dias (1,2cm CR), na análise macroscópica foi visualizado o prosencéfalo, vesícula óptica com pigmentação da retina, vesícula ótica, quarto ventrículo, fígado, membros torácicos e pélvicos com discreta distinção dos dígitos e vascularização superficial. Nos embriões com idade gestacional estimada em 25 dias (1,5cm CR) notamos a presença do prosencéfalo e mesencéfalo, a curvatura cervical pronunciada, vesícula óptica com forte pigmentação da retina, vesícula ótica, membros pélvicos e torácicos bem desenvolvidos, com distinção dos dígitos e fígado bem pronunciado. Os fetos com idade gestacional estimada em 52 dias (10cm CR) possuem estruturas internas e externas facilmente identificadas em animais adultos. Com relação às estruturas ósseas notamos que as mesmas não apresentam nenhuma epífise óssea formada, sendo visíveis somente as diáfises ósseas. Na análise microscópica, o embrião de idade gestacional de 19 dias (0,9cm CR) revelou a presença do rostro, cavidade oral com lábio superior e inferior, cavidade nasal, olho e a abertura do 4º ventrículo encefálico, esôfago, coração com átrio e ventrículo, pulmão, fígado, crista mesonéfrica, gônada primitiva, estômago, broto do membro torácico, coluna vertebral e a medula espinhal em formação. Esse trabalho é de grande importância para o estudo da morfologia externa e interna de gatos domésticos, principalmente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento ósseo e articular, considerando as alterações que podem ou não ser promovidas pelo uso de terapias medicamentosas ou celulares durante o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal.

Tua imensa torcida e bem feliz... da relação torcedor com o clube

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Biomass burning in Brazil`s Amazonian ""arc of deforestation"": Burning efficiency and charcoal formation in a fire after mechanized clearing at Feliz Natal, Mato Grosso

Estimates of greenhouse-gas emissions from deforestation are highly uncertain because of high variability in key parameters and because of the limited number of studies providing field measurements of these parameters. One such parameter is burning efficiency, which determines how much of the original forest`s aboveground carbon stock will be released in the burn, as well as how much will later be released by decay and how much will remain as charcoal. In this paper we examined the fate of biomass from a semideciduous tropical forest in the ""arc of deforestation,"" where clearing activity is concentrated along the southern edge of the Amazon forest. We estimated carbon content, charcoal formation and burning efficiency by direct measurements (cutting and weighing) and by line-intersect sampling (LIS) done along the axis of each plot before and after burning of felled vegetation. The total aboveground dry biomass found here (219.3 Mg ha(-1)) is lower than the values found in studies that have been done in other parts of the Amazon region. Values for burning efficiency (65%) and charcoal formation (6.0%, or 5.98 Mg C ha(-1)) were much higher than those found in past studies in tropical areas. The percentage of trunk biomass lost in burning (49%) was substantially higher than has been found in previous studies. This difference may be explained by the concentration of more stems in the smaller diameter classes and the low humidity of the fuel (the dry season was unusually long in 2007, the year of the burn). This study provides the first measurements of forest burning parameters for a group of forest types that is now undergoing rapid deforestation. The burning parameters estimated here indicate substantially higher burning efficiency than has been found in other Amazonian forest types. Quantification of burning efficiency is critical to estimates of trace-gas emissions from deforestation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel omega-conotoxins from Conus catus discriminate among neuronal calcium channel subtypes

omega -Conotoxins selective for N-type calcium channels are useful in the management of severe pain. In an attempt to expand the therapeutic potential of this class, four new omega -conotoxins (CVIA-D) have been discovered in the venom of the piscivorous cone snail, Conus catus, using assay-guided fractionation and gene cloning. Compared with other omega -conotoxins, CVID has a novel loop 4 sequence and the highest selectivity for N-type over P/Q-type calcium channels in radioligand binding assays. CVIA-D also inhibited contractions of electrically stimulated rat vas deferens. In electrophysiological studies, omega -conotoxins CVID and MVIIA had similar potencies to inhibit current through central (alpha (1B-d)) and peripheral (alpha (1B-b)) splice variants of the rat N-type calcium channels when coexpressed with rat beta (3) in Xenopus oocytes, However, the potency of CVID and MVIIA increased when alpha (1B-d) and alpha (1B-b) were expressed in the absence of rat beta (3), an effect most pronounced for CVID at alpha (1B-d) (up to 540-fold) and least pronounced for MVIIA at alpha (1B-d) (3-fold). The novel selectivity of CVID may have therapeutic implications. H-1 NMR studies reveal that CMD possesses a combination of unique structural features, including two hydrogen bonds that stabilize loop 2 and place loop 2 proximal to loop 4, creating a globular surface that is rigid and well defined.

Serum Starvation and Full Confluency for Cell Cycle Synchronization of Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Foetal Fibroblasts

Nuclear transfer of domestic cat can be used as a tool to develop reproductive biotechnologies in wild felids. The importance of cell cycle phase during the nuclear transfer has been a matter of debate since the first mammalian clone was produced. The cell cycle phase of donor cells interferes on maintenance of correct ploidy and genetic reprogramming of the reconstructed embryo. The use of G0/G1 arrested donor cells has been shown to improve nuclear transfer efficiency. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that domestic cat foetal fibroblasts cultured up to the fifth passage and submitted to full confluency provide a higher percentage of cells at G0/G1 stage than fibroblasts cultured in serum starved media. Results demonstrated that serum starvation increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of G0/G1 fibroblasts when compared with control. Moreover, the combined protocol using confluency and serum starvation was more efficient (p < 0.05) synchronizing cells at G0/G1 stage than serum starvation or confluency alone for the first 3 days of treatment. In conclusion, serum starvation and full confluency act in a synergistic manner to improve domestic cat foetal fibroblast cell cycle synchronization at the G0/G1 stage.

Exogenous induction of ovarian activity and ovulation and transfer of fresh embryos of domestic cat (Felis catus)

The objective of the present study was the exogenous stimulation of ovarian activity and definition of embryo collection, and transfer protocols, in the domestic cat for potential application in non-domestic endangered species. Sixteen adult queens and two adult male reproducers kept in the experimental cat house at the Morphology sector at the Veterinary Department (DVT), UFV, were used in this study. All the queens received a single application of 150 IU Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) in the post estrus to induce ovarian activity and 80 to 84 hours later, received a single application of 100 UI Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation. After hCG application, only the donor queens were naturally mated. The receptor queens received extra stimulus for induction of ovulation through manipulation of an intravaginal swab. Five to six days after hCG application, the donor queens were subjected to a laparotomy for embryo collection that was performed by trans-horn uterine washing. On average, six embryos were surgically inovulated. They were classified as type I and III compact morula and blastocysts in four receptor queens. Three animals presented pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound at day 36 and two of these animals gave birth to litters of two and four offsprings, respectively, at 66 and 63 days after induction of ovulation. Except for one still birth, all the offspring developed normally.

Brincar faz-me feliz: a importância do brincar no desenvolvimento da criança

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Esporotricose do gato doméstico (Felis catus): transmissão humana

No presente trabalho relata-se caso de paciente, funcionário de hospital veterinário, infectado através de arranhadura de gato doméstico portador de esporotricose. Inquérito domiciliar junto aos proprietários do animal fonte de infecção, revelou dois outros casos presuntivos de esporotricose humana transmitida por gatos, e confirmou o diagnóstico, por cultivo do Sporotrix schenckii, em 3 gatos domésticos adicionais. A esporotricose felina caracteriza-se por lesões cutâneas ulceradas e tendência à disseminação sistêmica e evolução fatal. A transmissão intra e inter-espécie é facilitada pela exuberância de fungos nas lesões cutâneas de felinos infectados.

Sanitary conditions of a colony of urban feral cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in a zoological garden of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The colony of urban stray cats living in the Rio de Janeiro zoological garden was studied in order to develop a population and health control program. As many cats as possible were captured during two months (47 animals) and were classified according to gender, age, weight and coat markings. They were submitted to a general health evaluation, examined for the presence of ectoparasites and sent to a surgical neutering program. All animals had a blood sample drawn for CBC, platelet count, heartworm and retroviruses detection. Capillary blood smears were made for hemoparasites detection. Coat marking and colors were tabby (59.7%), followed by solid black (17%); torbie (10.6%); bicolor (10.6%) and harlequin (2.1%). The only ectoparasites found were fleas, which infested 28% of the animals. The hemoparasites found were Haemobartonella felis (38%) and piroplasmas that could not be differentiated between Cytauxzoon spp. and Babesia spp. (47%). No cat was found infected by Dirofilaria immitis or FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus), although FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) antibodies could be detected (21%). There was no correlation between hemoparasites and FIV infections. The estimated total cat population (mark-recapture method) was 59; 68% female and 32% male, suggesting that a neutering program is in fact needed.

Imaginários de diáspora em João de Melo e Anthony de Sá: para uma leitura da alteridade em gente feliz com lágrimas e em barnacle love

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Portugueses (Área de Especialização em Estudos Literários)

Celebrar a vida e a morte. A festa em "The garden party" (Katherine Mansfield), e "Feliz Aniversário" (Clarice Lispector)

O conto “The Garden Party” foi escrito em Outubro de 1922. Depois de terminar o famoso “At the Bay” e pôr de parte “Married Man”, que nunca chegou a concluir, Katherine Mansfield inicia uma história sobre a família Sheridan, baseada em acontecimentos reais, ocorridos quando em 1907 Mrs. Beauchamp dera uma festa no jardim, em Wellington. O seu objectivo é, como dirá mais tarde no diário, transmitir a diversidade da vida, o que inclui a morte. “Feliz Aniversário” (1960), tal como “The Garden-Party”, estrutura-se a partir de uma dualidade de significados: a conformidade em relação às convenções sociais, que liga cada ser humano ao seu semelhante e o obriga a um determinado comportamento, representado na festa, e as pequenas hipocrisias e verdades, a solidão e a indiferença escondidas por detrás das máscaras usadas nessa situação.

SEROPREVALENCE OF Toxoplasma gondii (Nicole & Manceaux, 1909) AND RETROVIRAL STATUS OF CLIENT-OWNED PET CATS (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

Cats, as definitive host, play an important role in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins G and M, and determine the frequency of oocysts in the feces of the domestic cat population in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also aimed to study the association between T. gondii infection and age, sex, breed, lifestyle, diet and retroviral infection. A total of 108 cats were included in the study and fecal samples of 54 of those cats were obtained. Only 5.6% of the cats were seropositive for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins using the indirect hemagglutination test. None of the 54 cats presented oocysts in their fecal samples. Although not statistically significant, males, mixed-breed, free-roaming and cats aged two years and older were found to be more exposed. Age, lifestyle and the use of litter boxes were found to play an important role as risk factors. Anemia and retroviral infections were independent of T. gondii infection. No antibodies were detected in the majority of cats (94.4%), indicating that those cats had never been exposed to the parasite and, therefore, once infected, they could present the risk of shedding large numbers of oocysts into the environment.

Exame parasitológico de fezes de gatos (Felis catus domesticus) domiciliados e errantes da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Foram estudadas 131 amostras de fezes de gatos de comportamento domiciliado e errante da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, obtendo-se uma positividade de 63,4% das amostras, com maior ocorrência no grupo de animais errantes. Foi observado predomínio de parasitismo por Ancylostoma sp (43,5%), Toxocara sp (19,1%) e Cystoisospora sp (43,5%) em ambos os grupos. Também foram encontrados ovos de Uncinaria sp (1,5%), Toxascaris leonina (7,6%), cistos de Giardia sp (6,1%) e esporocistos de Sarcocystis sp (0,8%). A alta prevalência de enteroparasitas na amostra estudada ressalta a importância de um maior controle parasitológico nesses animais, para proteção da saúde animal e humana.

Detection of antibodies against Leishmania infantum in cats (Felis catus) from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Introduction: Little information is available concerning infection by Leishmania infantum in cats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a serological study in domestic cats. Methods: Serum samples (n=153) obtained from animals living in the Cities of Recife and Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were tested by ELISA/S7® (Biogene). Results: Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected in 3.9% (6/153) of the cats. All seroreagent animals were from Petrolina. Conclusions: These results serve as an important alert, and future studies are needed to better understand the possible role of cats in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in this area.

Coinfection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats (Felis catus) in State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Introduction Leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis are important to public health. Methods Antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. were evaluated in cats from Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, a region endemic for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Serum samples from 50 asymptomatic cats were titrated for T. gondii by the immunofluorescence antibody test and modified agglutination test and for Leishmania spp. by the immunofluorescence antibody test. Results These two agents coinfected two (4%) of the 50 tested animals. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the concomitant presence of two important zoonoses in cats from Brazilian endemic regions for canine visceral leishmaniasis.