Atividade antimalárica de plantas medicinais da biorregião do Araripe-CE em modelo murino - Plasmodium berghei

Malaria, also popularly known as maleita , intermittent fever, paludism, impaludism, third fever or fourth fever, is an acute infectious febrile disease, which, in human beings, is caused by four species: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale. Malaria, one of the main infectious diseases in the world, is the most important parasitoses, with 250 million annual cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children younger than live years of age. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted, since all the antimalarials currently in use have some limitation. Many plant species belonging to several families have been tested in vivo, using the murine experimental model Plasmodium berghei or in vitro against P. falciparum, and this search has been directed toward plants with antithermal, antimalarial or antiinflammatory properties used in popular Brazilian bolk medicine. Studies assessing the biological activity of medicinal plant essential oils have revealed activities of interest, such as insecticidal, spasmolytic and antiplasmodic action. It has also been scientifically established that around 60% of essential oils have antifungal properties and that 35% exhibit antibacterial properties. In our investigation, essential oils were obtained from the species Vanillosmopsis arborea, Lippia sidoides and Croton zethneri which are found in the bioregion of Araripe-Ceará. The chemical composition of these essential oils was partially characterized and the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The acute toxicity of these oils was assessed in healthy mice at different doses applied on a single day and on four consecutive days, and in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa and Raw cell lines was determined at different concentrations. The in vivo tests obtained lethal dose values of 7,1 mg/Kg (doses administered on a single day) and 1,8 mg/Kg (doses administered over four days) for 50% of the animals. In the in vitro tests, the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cell growth in Hela cell lines was 588 μg/mL (essential oil from C. zethneri after 48 h), from 340-555 μg/mL (essential oil from L. sidoides, after 24 and 48 h). The essential oil from V. arborea showed no cytotoxicity and none of the essential oils were cytotoxic in Raw cell lines. These data suggest a moderate toxicity in the essential XVIII oils under study, a finding that does not impede their testing in in vivo antimalarial assays. Was shown the antimalarial activity of the essential oils in mice infected with P. berghei was assessed. The three species showed antimalarial activity from 36%-57% for the essential oil from the stem of V. arborea; from 32%-82% for the essential oil from the leaves of L. sidoides and from 40%-70% of reduction for the essential oil from the leaves of C. zethneri. This is the first study showing evidence of antimalarial activity with these species from northeast Brazil. Further studies to isolate the active ingredients of these oils are needed to determine if a single active ingredient accounts for the antimalarial activity or if a complex integration of all the compounds present occurs, a situation reflected in their biological activity

Clínica e cirurgia de espécies pecuárias

O presente relatório refere-se às atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora. O trabalho está dividido em duas componentes. A primeira consiste na descrição das atividades desenvolvidas na área da sanidade, profilaxia e clínica médica e cirúrgica de espécies pecuárias. A área da sanidade animal foi, em termos percentuais, aquela que registou uma maior atividade. A segunda componente visa uma revisão bibliográfica da língua azul ou febre catarral ovina, complementada pelo relato e discussão de dois surtos, um numa vacada e outro num rebanho de ovinos. A língua azul é uma doença epizoótica, infeciosa, de etiologia viral, transmitida por insetos do género Culicoides que afeta ruminantes domésticos e silvestres; Abstract: This report refers to the activities developed during the final stage of the Master‘s Degree in Veterinary Medicine of the University of Évora. The work is divided into two components. The first is the description of the activities in the area of sanity, prophylaxis and medicine and surgery in livestock species. The area of sanity was, percentually, the one with most accounted cases. The second component of this work aims to a literature review of bluetongue, complemented with the presentation and discussion of two outbreaks, one in a cattle herd and the other in a sheep herd. Bluetongue is a viral, epizootic and infectious disease transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides which affects domestic and wild ruminants.

Aspectos fenológicos da quina - Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae).

Quassia amara L. é um arbusto pertencente à família Simaroubaceae, conhecida popularmente como Quina, sendo originária da América Tropical, principalmente do norte do Brasil. É utilizada na medicina popular, possuindo ações em afecções sanguíneas, dermatológicas, dores em geral, febre, malária, adstringente, diarréia, cólicas e congestões hepáticas. Possui ainda, propriedades farmacológicas como antileucêmicas e anticarcinogênicas. O comportamento fenológico dessa espécie, tratando-se de sua floração e frutificação, conduz estudos para utilização da planta como elemento para produção de derivados e uso medicinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o período de floração e frutificação da Quina de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2015, objetivando identificar o melhor período para coleta e utilização das folhas. Os valores de precipitação pluviométrica foram fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), utilizando-se a média acumulada mensal de precipitação. Para as observações fenológicas, foram selecionados 10 indivíduos de Quina (Quassia amara L). Ocorreu floração e frutificação durante todos os meses do ano. Os meses que obtiveram maiores médias foram abril, outubro e setembro com 22; 16,2 e 15 dias, respectivamente. As fenofases foram influenciadas pela precipitação pluviométrica.