M. Annei Lucani civilis, belli liber primus

UANL

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Prefer��ncia por substratos escuros no C. auratus: influ��ncia das condi����es de luz no alojamento

P��s-gradua����o em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Recovery of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after Thermal Insult

All organisms have evolved mechanisms to acquire thermotolerance. A moderately high temperature activates heat shock genes and triggers thermotolerance towards otherwise lethal high temperature. The focus of this work is the recovery mechanisms ensuring survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells after thermal insult. Yeast cells, first preconditioned at 37��C, can survive a short thermal insult at 48-50��C and are able to refold heat-denatured proteins when allowed to recover at physiological temperature 24��C. The cytoplasmic chaperone Hsp104 is required for the acquisition of thermotolerance and dissolving protein aggregates in the cytosol with the assistance of disaccharide trehalose. In the present study, Hsp104 and trehalose were shown to be required for conformational repair of heat-denatured secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. A reporter protein was first accumulated in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum and heat-denatured by thermal insult, and then failed to be repaired to enzymatically active and secretion-competent conformation in the absence of Hsp104 or trehalose. The efficient transport of a glycoprotein CPY, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum, to the vacuole after thermal insult also needed the presence of Hsp104 and trehalose. However, proteins synthesized after thermal insult at physiological temperature were secreted with similar kinetics both in the absence and in the presence of Hsp104 or trehalose, demonstrating that the secretion machinery itself was functional. As both Hsp104 and trehalose are cytosolic, a cross-talk between cytosolic and luminal chaperone machineries across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane appears to take place. Global expression profiles, obtained with the DNA microarray technique, revealed that the gene expression was shut down during thermal insult and the majority of transcripts were destroyed. However, the transcripts of small cytosolic chaperones Hsp12 and Hsp26 survived. The first genes induced during recovery were related to refolding of denatured proteins and resumption of de novo protein synthesis. Transcription factors Spt3p and Med3p appeared to be essential for acquisition of full thermotolerance. The transcription factor Hac1p was found to be subject to delayed up-regulation at mRNA level and this up-regulation was diminished or delayed in the absence of Spt3p or Med3p. Consequently, production of the chaperone BiP/Kar2p, a target gene of Hac1p, was diminished and delayed in ��spt3 and ��med3 deletion strains. The refolding of heat-denatured secretory protein CPY to a transport-competent conformation was retarded, and a heat-denatured reporter enzyme failed to be effectively reactivated in the cytoplasm of the deletion strains.

Effects of temperature and clay content on water absorption characteristics of modified MMT clay/cyclic olefin copolymer nanocomposite films: Permeability, dynamic mechanical properties and the encapsulated organic device performance

In the present study, amino-silane modified layered organosilicates were used to reinforce cyclic olefin copolymer to enhance the thermal, mechanical and moisture impermeable barrier properties. The optimum clay loading (4%) in the nanocomposite increases the thermal stability of the film while further loading decreases film stability. Water absorption behavior at 62 degrees C was carried out and compared with the behavior at room temperature and 48 degrees C. The stiffness of the matrix increases with clay content and the recorded strain to failure for the composite films was lower than the neat film. Dynamic mechanical analysis show higher storage modulus and low loss modulus for 2.5-4 wt% clay loading. Calcium degradation test and device encapsulation also show the evidence of optimum clay loading of 4 wt% for improved low water vapor transmission rates compared to other nanocomposite films. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Poluentes marinhos como fatores de estresse em esponjas e mexilh��es

A biota marinha est�� exposta a uma elevada quantidade de subst��ncias t��xicas que podem causar graves problemas ao ambiente. As esponjas (Porifera) e os mexilh��es (Mollusca) por serem s��sseis e filtradores s��o utilizados como bioindicadores de polui����o. A experimenta����o com aqu��rios permite a realiza����o de ensaios controlados, acompanhamento da resposta a diversos poluentes, concentra����es e tempo de exposi����o. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: I). avaliar a imunocompet��ncia atrav��s da express��o de prote��nas do sistema imune Fator Inflamat��rio de Enxerto AIF -1 e pP38 por teste de ELISA (do ingl��s, Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) em esponjas expostas a poluentes, II) acompanhar a express��o das prote��nas AIF-1 e pP38 nas cinco esp��cies de esponjas marinhas: Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766), Chondrilla aff. nucula Schimidt, 1862, Dysidea robusta Vilanova e Muricy 2001, Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973) e Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910) ap��s exposi����o a lipopolisacar��deo (LPS) de E. Coli III) avaliar a express��o das prote��nas AIF-1 e pP38 nas esp��cies C. aff. nucula e P. janeirensis ap��s exposi����o a dodecil sulfato de s��dio (SDS) IV) avaliar a mortalidade de mexilh��es quando expostos ao dispersante Triton X-100 e esgoto dom��stico in natura. Os resultados indicam que as esponjas A. fulva, C. aff. nucula, D. robusta e P. janeirensis expostas a 20 μg/mL de LPS por 30 minutos, uma, tr��s, 24 e 48 horas apresentaram aumento de express��o da prote��na AIF-1 em rela����o ao controle, com diferentes tempos de resposta para cada esp��cie. A esponja H. heliophila exposta a 30 μg/mL de LPS apresentou diferen��a significativa na express��o de AIF-1 em rela����o ao controle na exposi����o por 30 min, uma, quatro, 24 e 48 horas. Contudo, n��o houve diferen��a significativa na express��o de outra prote��na, a quinase pP38, nesses ensaios. As esponjas C. aff. nucula e P. janeirensis foram expostas a 0,25 mg/L de dodecil sulfato de s��dio (SDS) por 24 e 48 horas. C. aff. nucula apresentou aumento da express��o de AIF -1 quando comparada ao controle em 24 e 48 horas, mas para P. janeirensis n��o houve diferen��a significativa. Os mexilh��es Perna perna foram expostos a poluentes de duas maneiras a detergente Triton X-100 0,10 g/L por tr��s, seis, 12 e 18 horas que induziu diferen��a significativa na mortalidade em seis, 12 e 18 horas em compara����o com o controle e a a esgoto dom��stico in natura dilu��do na propor����o de 1:50 n��o houve mortalidade no tratamento ou no controle. A varia����o da express��o da prote��na AIF-1 observada nas cinco esp��cies de esponjas marinhas confirma a utiliza����o dessa prote��na como eficiente biomarcador de estresse. Os mexilh��es foram bons bioindicadores da polui����o por detergente.

Crystal structures of EtEDTB center dot 1.4C(2)H(5)OH center dot 5H(2)O and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4)center dot C2H5OH (EtEDTB=N, N, N ', N '-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine)

The crystal structures of EtEDTB.1.4C(2)H(5)OH.5H(2)O 1 and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4).C2H5OH 2 (EtEDTB = N, N,N',N'-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P(1) over bar with a = 11.489(2), b = 11.866(3), c = 12.002(3) Angstrom, alpha = 97.47(2), beta = 114.564(13), gamma = 114.11(2)degrees, V = 1266.6(5) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, M-r = 847.48, D-c = 1.111 g/cm(3), F(000) = 456 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.076 mm(-1). A total of 5207 reflections were measured for 1, of which 4323 were independent. The structure of 1 was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares technique to the final R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.1802 for 1318 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I). In the structure of 1, centrosymmetric EtEDTB molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds through water and ethanol to form 2-dimensional network. Compound 2 crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 24.260(5), b = 13.040(3), c = 17.680(4) Angstrom, beta = 97.50(3)degrees, V = 5545.2(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, M-r = 1140.80, D-c = 1.366 g/cm(3), F(000) = 2384 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.289 mm(-1).

Formation of a unique crystal morphology for the poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diblock copolymer

The crystallization behaviors of the poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diblock copolymer with the PEG weight fraction of 0.50 (PEG(50)-PCL50) was studied by DSC, WAXD, SAXS, and FTIR. A superposed melting point at 58.5 degrees C and a superposed crystallization temperature at 35.4 degrees C were obtained from the DSC profiles running at 10 degrees C/min, whereas the temperature-dependent FTIR measurements during cooling from the melt at 0.2 degrees C/min showed that the PCL crystals formed starting at 48 degrees C while the PEG crystals started at 45 degrees C. The PEG and PCL blocks of the copolymer crystallized separately and formed alternating lamella regions according to the WAXD and SAXS results. The crystal growth of the diblock copolymer was observed by polarized optical microscope (POM). An interesting morphology of the concentric spherulites developed through a unique crystallization behavior. The concentric spherulites were analyzed by in situ microbeam FTIR, and it was determined that the morphologies of the inner and outer portions were mainly determined by the PCL and PEG spherulites, respectively. However, the compositions of the inner and outer portions were equal in the analysis by microbeam FTIR.

Effects of ultra-violet irradiation on sperm motility and diploid gynogenesis induction in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) undergoing cold shock

Large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea, exhibit sexually dimorphic growth, with females growing faster and reaching larger adult sizes than males. Thus, development of techniques for preferentially producing females is necessary to optimize production of these species. We have established a protocol to produce all-female croaker P. crocea through induction of meiotic gynogenesis with homologous sperm. The first set of experiments investigated the ultra-violet (UV) irradiation on sperm motility and duration of sperm activity to determine the optimal UV dosage for genetic inactivation of sperm, yet retaining adequate motility for activation of eggs. Milt from several males was diluted 1: 100 with Ringer's solution and UV irradiated with doses ranging from 0-150 J cm (-2). The results indicated that motility and duration of activity generally decreased with increased UV doses. At UV doses greater than 105 J cm(-2), after fertilization, motility was < 10% and fertilization rates were significantly lower. Highest hatching rate was obtained at 75 J cm -2. A second set of experiments was carried out to determine appropriate conditions of cold shock for retention of the 2nd polar body in P. crocea eggs after fertilization with UV-inactivated sperm by altering the timing, temperature and duration of shock. At 208 degrees C, shock applied at 3 min after fertilization resulted in higher survival rate of larvae at 6 h after hatching. Results of different combinations of three shock temperatures ( 28 degrees C, 38 degrees C or 48 degrees C) and five shock durations ( 4 min, 8 min, 12 min, 16 min or 20 min) at 3 min after fertilization demonstrated that shocks of 12 min gave highest production of diploid gynogens. Statistical analysis revealed that maximum production of diploid gynogens (44.55 +/- 2.99%) were obtained at 38 degrees C. The results of this study indicate that the use of UV-irradiated homologous sperm for activation of P. crocea eggs and cold shock for polar body retention is an effective method for producing gynogenetic offspring.

The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World from Marathon to Waterloo

UANL

Experiencia en nefrectom��a: serie de casos de cuatro a��os

Introducci��n: Las indicaciones por las cuales un paciente requiere una nefrectom��a son m��ltiples: las neoplasias, la hidronefrosis y la exclusi��n funcional son las principales. En manos expertas la nefrectom��a es un procedimiento seguro, especialmente porque en la actualidad el abordaje por excelencia es realizar una t��cnica m��nimamente invasiva con conservaci��n de nefronas. Se presenta el an��lisis de la experiencia en Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor en esta intervenci��n. Metodolog��a: Se realiz�� una serie de casos de pacientes llevados a nefrectom��a entre mayo de 2008 y mayo de 2012. Se incluyeron la totalidad de los casos. Resultados: Se analizaron 72 registros, 49 mujeres y 25 hombres; 13 de ellas fueron laparosc��picas. La edad promedio fue de 58,6 a��os. El tiempo medio operatorio fue 169,23 minutos (118-220 minutos). El sangrado operatorio promedio fue de 680,63 ml (IC95%: 2,83-1358 ml). El tiempo de hospitalizaci��n promedio fue de 4,88 d��as IC95%. La mayor��a de los pacientes se distribuyeron en estadios medios de la enfermedad tumoral, con poco compromiso ganglionar y met��stasis; el diagn��stico histol��gico y estadio dominante fueron el carcinoma de c��lulas renales grado 3 de Fuhrman respectivamente. Se reportan 13 casos de compromiso de la capsula de Gerota y 11 con compromiso del hilio. Discusi��n: La experiencia en nefrectom��a de la instituci��n es muy positiva por el bajo n��mero de mortalidad y complicaciones. En cuanto a la t��cnica, es importante promover la t��cnica laparosc��pica

Dise��o de una propuesta de mejoramiento de la gesti��n administrativa del hospital el tunal, mediante la aplicaci��n de la filosof��a de teor��a de restricciones (TOC)

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el dise��o de un proyecto de mejora a trav��s de la filosof��a TOC para la gesti��n Administrativa del Hospital El Tunal del Nivel III de Bogot�� DC, durante el per��odo 2013. Para lograr el objetivo de la propuesta de mejoramiento basada en la filosof��a TOC (Ingl��s siglas Theory of Constraints), se centra en crear un proceso de mejora continua en la gesti��n administrativa del Hospital El Tunal. Esta entidad es una Empresa Social del Estado y tiene por objeto la prestaci��n de servicios de salud a usuarios que presentan alg��n tipo de enfermedad o trastorno org��nico que afecta su salud; se centra en mejorar, corregir y proporcionar una mejor calidad de vida al usuario que viene a cubrir sus necesidades de salud. Este producto de investigaci��n terminar�� con una propuesta centrada en la mejora de la gesti��n administrativa, basada en la filosof��a TOC aplicado a la cartera morosa, tratando de ofrecer una serie de soluciones a los problemas actuales que impactan estas organizaciones centr��ndose en la mejora continua, la velocidad de flujo de los recursos administrativos, verificando si es eficaz en beneficio de los usuarios y los profesionales de la salud.

Efectos del consumo de cigarrillo en la presentaci��n y severidad de la dismenorrea

Introducci��n: La dismenorrea se presenta como una patolog��a cada vez m��s frecuente en mujeres de 16-30 a��os. Dentro de los factores asociados a su presentaci��n, el consumo de tabaco ha revelado resultados contradictorios. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la asociaci��n entre el consumo de cigarrillo y la presentaci��n de dismenorrea, y determinar si los trastornos del ��nimo y la depresi��n, alteran dicha asociaci��n. Materiales y m��todos: Se realiz�� un estudio de prevalencia anal��tica en mujeres de la Universidad del Rosario matriculadas en pregrado durante el primer semestre de 2013, para determinar la asociaci��n entre el consumo de tabaco y la presentaci��n de dismenorrea. En el estudio se tuvieron en cuenta variables tradicionalmente relacionadas con dismenorrea, incluyendo las variables ansiedad y depresi��n como potenciales variables de confusi��n. Los registros fueron analizados en el programa Estad��stico IBM SPSS Statistics Versi��n 20.0. Resultados: Se realizaron 538 cuestionarios en total. La edad promedio fue 19.92��2.0 a��os. La prevalencia de dismenorrea se estim�� en 89.3%, la prevalencia de tabaquismo 11.7%. No se encontr�� una asociaci��n entre dismenorrea y tabaquismo (OR 3.197; IC95% 0.694-14.724). Dentro de las variables analizadas, la depresi��n y la ansiedad constituyen factores de riesgo independientes para la presentaci��n de dismenorrea con una asociaci��n estad��sticamente significativa p=0.026 y p=0.024 respectivamente. El an��lisis multivariado encuentra como factor determinante en la presentaci��n de dismenorrea, la interacci��n de depresi��n y ansiedad controlando por las variables tradicionales p<0.0001. Sin embargo, esta asociaci��n se pierde cuando se analiza en la categor��a de dismenorrea severa y gana relevancia el uso de m��todos de anticoncepci��n diferentes a los hormonales, mientras que el hecho de haber iniciado la vida sexual presenta una tendencia lim��trofe de riesgo. Conclusiones: No se puede demostrar que el tabaco es un factor asociado a la presentaci��n de dismenorrea. Los trastornos del ��nimo y la ansiedad constituyen factores determinantes a la presentaci��n de dismenorrea independientemente de la presencia de otros concomitantes. Las variables de asociaci��n se modifican cuando la variable dependiente se categoriza en su estado m��s severo. Se necesitan estudios m��s amplios y detallados para establecer dicha asociaci��n.

Perdurabilidad empresarial: concepto y significados

Los grandes aportes generados por las antiguas civilizaciones y los fil��sofos m��s destacados a lo largo del tiempo, permiten entender la procedencia de algunos t��rminos de los que hoy en d��a se hace uso. Estas contribuciones comienzan a trav��s de la concepci��n del t��rmino tiempo, desde la antig��edad hasta los tiempos modernos, las cuales conllevan a entender que el tiempo es aquel que define la durabilidad de las cosas. De acuerdo a esto, se propone un acercamiento sobre el origen del t��rmino perdurabilidad, el cual ser�� la base de la presente investigaci��n. Entender la procedencia del t��rmino y el uso que se le da a s�� mismo, facilita la aplicaci��n el ��mbito empresarial; el cual, a partir de diferentes posturas de autores nacionales e internacionales y basados en los par��metros que ha establecido la Universidad del Rosario, se establece un marco te��rico de apoyo para futuras investigaciones dedicadas a la perdurabilidad empresarial. Asimismo, se establecen o se plasman algunos principios o factores de ��xito que ayudan a que una empresa logre traspasar fronteras en tiempo y en rentabilidad; es decir que no solo permanezca muchos a��os en el mercado, sino que adem��s se mantenga en constante crecimiento y rentabilidad.