Muscidae, Fanniidae e Calliphoridae (Diptera) do Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil.

A survey of muscoid flies from Μaracá is. and Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil, was made. 23 muscid, six fanniid and nine calliphorid species were colected. The known geographic distributíon of these, species was also added.

Levantamento de Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em um fragmento de mata na Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram o estudo da diversidade dos dípteros das famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizado na Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre julho de 2001 e julho de 2002. Foi também analisada ocorrência das espécies mais freqüentes das famílias estudadas de acordo com a variação temporal na área do fragmento. As coletas foram feitas com armadilhas, utilizando iscas de peixe em decomposição. A espécie mais freqüente e constante foi Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) que é exótica e foi introduzida há pouco mais de vinte anos no continente americano.

New records of calyptrate dipterans (Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) associated with the decomposition of domestic pigs in Brazil

The calyptrate dipterans are the most important decomposers of human cadavers. Knowledge of their species and distribution are of great importance to forensic entomology, especially because of the enormous diversity in Brazil. Carcasses of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa, L) were the experimental models used to attract calyptrates of forensic interest during the winters of 2006 and 2007 and the summers of 2006 and 2008. A total of 24,423 specimens from 44 species were collected (19 Muscidae, 2 Fanniidae and 23 Sarcophagidae), three of which were new records of occurrence and 20 of which were new forensic records for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fourteen of these species were newly identified as forensically important in Brazil.

Chave para adultos de dípteros (Muscidae, Fanniidae, Anthomyiidae) associados ao ambiente humano no Brasil

Key to adult flies of dipterous species (Muscidae, Fanniidae, Anthomyiidae) associated to human habitats in Brazil. An identification key for the main 33 species of Muscidae, Anthomyiidae and Fanniidae occurring in association to human habitats in Brazil is presented. Most of the characters used for identification of the species are illustrated. Based on literature records, a list of the 65 anthropic species known to Brazil is also included.

Microscopia eletrônica de varredura de duas espécies de Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Fanniidae)

As espécies Fannia pusio Wiedeman, 1830 e Fannia trimaculata Stein, 1898 pertencem ao grupo canicularis e ao subgrupo pusio. Estas espécies são morfologicamente muito similares e geralmente são diferenciadas por uma fileira de cerdas no fêmur do terceiro par de pernas do macho. A análise com microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou na estrutura denominada "cellas", menor número de orifícios na superfície dorsal do ovo e, na superfície ventral, foi detectado menor rugosidade, ambos em F. trimaculata. Na larva, o estigma ou espiráculo protorácico é proeminente, onde F. trimaculata apresentou duas expansões tegumentares pequenas e sete longas de igual comprimento. Os machos de F. trimaculata apresentam uma fileira de cerdas localizadas mais externamente na faceta e, outra fileira de cerdas menores, a qual é ausente em machos de F. pusio, porém presente nas fêmeas de ambas as espécies.

Fannia carvalhoi sp. nov.: a new species from Peru (Diptera, Fanniidae)

Fannia carvalhoi sp. nov. (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Peru is described and illustrated.

Taxonomia de Fanniidae (Diptera) do sul do Brasil - I: nova espécie e chave de identificação de Euryomma Stein

Euryomma Stein e Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy são os únicos gêneros de Fanniidae que ocorrem na América do Sul. A presente contribuição refere-se às espécies de Euryomma. É apresentada uma chave de identificação para os gêneros de Fanniidae e para as espécies de Euryomma que ocorrem no Sul do Brasil. Redescrições de duas espécies já conhecidas e descrição de Euryomma palpingens sp. nov. de Ponta Grossa, Paraná são apresentadas. Euryomma carioca Albuquerque é registrada pela primeira vez para Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul e E. peregrinum (Meigen) pela primeira vez para Santa Catarina. São também incluídas ilustrações dos principais caracteres diagnósticos e das terminálias masculina e feminina das espécies.

Taxonomia de Fanniidae (Diptera) do sul do Brasil - II: novas espécies e chave de identificação de Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy

Fannia é encontrada em todas as regiões biogeográficas, exceto nos pólos. A presente contribuição refere-se às 22 espécies encontradas na região Sul do Brasil incluindo três novas espécies: Fannia opsia sp. nov. de Ponta Grossa (Paraná), Fannia pulvinilenis sp. nov. de Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul) e Fannia xanthothrichia sp. nov. de São José dos Pinhais (Paraná). Fannia carvalhoi Couri, 2005 é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. É descrita pela primeira vez a fêmea de Fannia admirabilis Albuquerque, 1958. Além disto, são apresentadas chaves de identificação para macho e fêmea para as espécies da região. Ilustrações dos principais caracteres diagnósticos e das terminálias masculina e feminina são incluídas.

Revision of Central American species of Euryomma Stein (Diptera, Fanniidae), with description of two new species and updates of distributional records

Euryomma is the second largest genus within Fanniidae, but only two species, E. panamensis Chillcott, 1958 and E. rettenmeyeri Chillcott, 1958 have been recorded in Central America. In this paper we describe two new species of the genus found in Costa Rica, Euryomma chillcotti sp. nov. (Province of Puntarenas) and Euryomma steini sp. nov. (Provinces of Cartago and Limón). Euryomma tahami Grisales, Wolff & Carvalho, 2012 is recorded for the first time to Costa Rica. Identification key to all species found in Central America, descriptions and re-descriptions of species occurring in the region and illustrations of the terminalia of new species are presented.

Microscopia eletrônica de varredura de duas espécies de Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Fanniidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determining the season of death from the family composition of insects infesting carrion

Determining the season of death by means of the composition of the families of insects infesting carrion is rarely attempted in forensic studies and has never been statistically modelled. For this reason, a baseline-category logit model is proposed for predicting the season of death as a function of whether the area where the carcass was exposed is sunlit or shaded and of the relative abundance of particular families of carrion insects (Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Sarcophagidae, and Formicidae). The field study was conducted using rodent carcasses (20-252 g) in an urban forest in southeastern Brazil. Four carcasses (2 in a sunlit and 2 in a shaded area) were placed simultaneously at the study site, twice during each season from August 2003 through June 2004. The feasibility of the model, measured in terms of overall accuracy, is 64 +/- 14%. It is likely the proposed model will assist forensic teams in predicting the season of death in tropical ecosystems, without the need of identifying the species of specimens or the remains of carrion insects.

Temporal distribution of ten calyptrate dipteran species of medicolegal importance in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Brazilian studies involving entomological succession patterns in carcasses have been used to describe the necrophagous entomofauna of a determined municipality or region with forensic objectives. Following the same objectives, an ecological study with 10 calyptrate dipterans was carried out during the winter of 2007 and the summer of 2008 in the metropolitan region of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The aim of this study was to describe several aspects of the phenology of these species in three neighbouring areas. Carcasses of three domestic pigs (Sus scrofa L.) were used in each season as models for forensic and legal medicine investigations in the region. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were measured daily and their relations with population abundance of the colonising species and the decomposition stages were analysed. Ten fly species were recorded to be colonising the carcasses, five of which belonged to the Calliphoridae family, three to the Muscidae, one to the Fanniidae and one to the Sarcophagidae family. Data show preferences of these species for climatic season and decomposition stage, as well as for the studied area and suggest that short distances can significantly influence the abundance of some species.

Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America

Flies (Diptera, blow flies, house flies, flesh flies, horse flies, cattle flies, deer flies, midges and mosquitoes) are among the four megadiverse insect orders. Several species quickly colonize human cadavers and are potentially useful in forensic studies. One of the major problems with carrion fly identification is the lack of taxonomists or available keys that can identify even the most common species sometimes resulting in erroneous identification. Here we present a key to the adults of 12 families of Diptera whose species are found on carrion, including human corpses. Also, a summary for the most common families of forensic importance in South America, along with a key to the most common species of Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Fanniidae and to the genera of Sarcophagidae are provided. Drawings of the most important characters for identification are also included.

Dipterofauna do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco, Brasil)

Este trabalho registra alguns dípteros da ilha de Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco, Brasil), apresentando a riqueza das espécies e sua abundância. O material examinado foi coletado em julho de 1973. Oito famílias de Diptera, em um total de 11.515 indivíduos foram estudadas. Entre as famílias encontradas as sete seguintes são novos registros: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Stratiomyidae, Sepsidae, Otitidae e Tabanidae. As três primeiras e os Sarcophagidae (previamente registrada) foram identificadas até o nível de espécie. As famílias mais abundantes foram Sepsidae e Calliphoridae com mais de 80% do total coletado, tendo Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) como espécie dominante.

Rate of development of forensically-important Dipterain southern Brazil

Dipteran larvae were collected from rabbit (Oryctolagus cunniculus L.) carcasses during the four seasons in 2005 in the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The larvae were fed ground beef at ambient temperatures following collection from carcasses. The development of each species under these conditions was estimated. The most abundant species in the carcasses were Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Calliphoridae), and they were found in all seasons. The data were fitted to a linear model that describes the relationship between temperature and linear developmental rating. These two species are primary forensic indicators in southern Brazil. Other species such as Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (Calliphoridae), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp), Muscina stabulans (Fallen) (Muscidae), and Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) (Fanniidae) were forensically less important because they only occurred in high frequency in certain seasons and during the first days of carcass decomposition.