FDT技术及其应用研究

随着智能仪表的发展,FDT设备集成技术将具有广阔的发展前景。本文分析了FDT技术的特点和应用模式,并结合一个具体FDT设备管理系统的设计说明其在现场总线控制系统中的应用。

基于构件的FDT设备管理系统框架研究和设计

针对FDT设备管理系统开发复杂、效率低等问题,本文在分析FDT设备管理系统的功能和结构特点的基础上,提出了采用基于构件的FDT设备管理系统的框架设计方法,采用自动和手动相结合的构件组装策略实现了FDT设备管理系统的框架,框架中提供扩展点,可方便地扩展系统功能,采用分层和分离的构件设计方法划分构件,构建了系统的构件模型。为FDT设备管理系统提供了一种可行方案,降低了软件复杂度,提高了开发效率。

基于EDDL和FDT的设备描述技术研究及开发

化程度的不断提高，在过程控制的现场对设备的种类要求越来越广泛。在这种情况下，大量不同厂商不同类型的设备应用到实际现场中。由此带来的设备配置工作越来越烦索。电子设备描述技术（EDD）和现场设备类型管理技术（FDT/DTM）的出现解决了这个问题。EDDL是描述电子（仪表）设备的语言，是各个不同设备进行互操作的基础。EDDL提供了一整套可裁剪的基本结构元素，用于对简单、复杂或模块化的设备进行描述。EDD是一种统一的、独立于平台的设备操作的基础。FDT/DTM技术是基于软件的设备集成解决方案，采用具有统一接口规范的FDT框架和DTM软件组件，其基本思想是提供标准的方法来管理现场设备。国内外对这两种技术的研究和技术推广逐年升温，研究开发具有自主知识产权的解决方案具有十分重要的意义。本文通过深入研究协议，掌握其关键技术，实现其实际的应用，并开发相应的软件。 介绍了两种协议的原理及应用设计实现过程。根据对协议的研究以及国内外相关应用现状的分析提出设备集成方案设计的思路，以达到实际工程应用的目的。详细介绍了EDD协议与FDT/DTM协议的主要机制，包括设备描述语言、描述方法、编译解释原理、组件技术、COM/ActiveX控件、组件通信等。并以博微公司生产的变送器为例，实现了设备集成的具体应用，包括基于EDDL技术的压力变送器与AMS和PDM集成、基于FDT技术的与美名fdtContainer集成。详细描述了设备集成的原理、集成的方案、设备描述文件的编写、设备DTM的开发等。

Ayuda memoria (2): tabla de definición de campos (FDT), y tabla de selección de campos (FST) del Sistema Bibliográfico de la CEPAL (SIB

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Ayuda memoria (2): tabla de definición de campos (FDT) del Sistema Bibliográfico de la CEPAL (SIB

Presenta la tabla de definición de campos y sus características: número de campo, nombre, largo máximo, y repetibilidad.

Jacob Simonsen og Hustru Rose født Hahn og deres Forfaedre : 100 Aar efter Jacob Simonsens Fødsel

udg. af S. H. Simonsens Børn ved Josef Fischer

由电子设备描述文件到设备DTM

随着自动化程度的不断提高,对设备的种类要求越来越广泛,由此带来的设备配置工作越来越繁琐。设备描述技术和FDT/DTM技术的出现解决了这个问题。本文在对这两种技术研究的基础上,从技术实现的角度上对这两种技术做了分析,并提出了一种多技术结合的方法,以适用于复杂多样的工业应用环境。

On information rates of time-varying fading channels modeled as finite-state Markov channels

We study information rates of time-varying flat-fading channels (FFC) modeled as finite-state Markov channels (FSMC). FSMCs have two main applications for FFCs: modeling channel error bursts and decoding at the receiver. Our main finding in the first application is that receiver observation noise can more adversely affect higher-order FSMCs than lower-order FSMCs, resulting in lower capacities. This is despite the fact that the underlying higher-order FFC and its corresponding FSMC are more predictable. Numerical analysis shows that at low to medium SNR conditions (SNR lsim 12 dB) and at medium to fast normalized fading rates (0.01 lsim fDT lsim 0.10), FSMC information rates are non-increasing functions of memory order. We conclude that BERs obtained by low-order FSMC modeling can provide optimistic results. To explain the capacity behavior, we present a methodology that enables analytical comparison of FSMC capacities with different memory orders. We establish sufficient conditions that predict higher/lower capacity of a reduced-order FSMC, compared to its original high-order FSMC counterpart. Finally, we investigate the achievable information rates in FSMC-based receivers for FFCs. We observe that high-order FSMC modeling at the receiver side results in a negligible information rate increase for normalized fading rates fDT lsim 0.01.

Screening tests for detecting open-angle glaucoma: systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE: To assess the comparative accuracy of potential screening tests for open angle glaucoma (OAG).

METHODS: Medline, Embase, Biosis (to November 2005), Science Citation Index (to December 2005), and The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2005) were searched. Studies assessing candidate screening tests for detecting OAG in persons older than 40 years that reported true and false positives and negatives were included. Meta-analysis was undertaken using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model.

RESULTS: Forty studies enrolling over 48,000 people reported nine tests. Most tests were reported by only a few studies. Frequency-doubling technology (FDT; C-20-1) was significantly more sensitive than ophthalmoscopy (30, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0-62) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT; 45, 95% CrI 17-68), whereas threshold standard automated perimetry (SAP) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT II) were both more sensitive than GAT (41, 95% CrI 14-64 and 39, 95% CrI 3-64, respectively). GAT was more specific than both FDT C-20-5 (19, 95% CrI 0-53) and threshold SAP (14, 95% CrI 1-37). Judging performance by diagnostic odds ratio, FDT, oculokinetic perimetry, and HRT II are promising tests. Ophthalmoscopy, SAP, retinal photography, and GAT had relatively poor performance as single tests. These findings are based on heterogeneous data of limited quality and as such are associated with considerable uncertainty.

CONCLUSIONS: No test or group of tests was clearly superior for glaucoma screening. Further research is needed to evaluate the comparative accuracy of the most promising tests.

Sensitivity and specificity of frequency-doubling technology, tendency-oriented perimetry, and Humphrey Swedish interactive threshold algorithm-fast perimetry in a glaucoma practice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the screening mode of the Humphrey-Welch Allyn frequency-doubling technology (FDT), Octopus tendency-oriented perimetry (TOP), and the Humphrey Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA)-fast (HSF) in patients with glaucoma. DESIGN: A comparative consecutive case series. METHODS: This was a prospective study which took place in the glaucoma unit of an academic department of ophthalmology. One eye of 70 consecutive glaucoma patients and 28 age-matched normal subjects was studied. Eyes were examined with the program C-20 of FDT, G1-TOP, and 24-2 HSF in one visit and in random order. The gold standard for glaucoma was presence of a typical glaucomatous optic disk appearance on stereoscopic examination, which was judged by a glaucoma expert. The sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of two algorithms for the FDT screening test, two algorithms for TOP, and three algorithms for HSF, as defined before the start of this study, were evaluated. The time required for each test was also analyzed. RESULTS: Values for area under the ROC curve ranged from 82.5%-93.9%. The largest area (93.9%) under the ROC curve was obtained with the FDT criteria, defining abnormality as presence of at least one abnormal location. Mean test time was 1.08 ± 0.28 minutes, 2.31 ± 0.28 minutes, and 4.14 ± 0.57 minutes for the FDT, TOP, and HSF, respectively. The difference in testing time was statistically significant (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The C-20 FDT, G1-TOP, and 24-2 HSF appear to be useful tools to diagnose glaucoma. The test C-20 FDT and G1-TOP take approximately 1/4 and 1/2 of the time taken by 24 to 2 HSF. © 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of cataract extraction on frequency doubling technology perimetry in patients with glaucoma

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma. Methods: In this consecutive prospective cohort study 27 patients with open angle glaucoma scheduled for cataract extraction alone or combined with trabeculectomy were enrolled. All patients underwent FDT threshold C-20 visual fields within 3 months before and 3 months after surgery. Changes in mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were evaluated. Additionally, changes in best corrected logMAR visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of glaucoma medications were also studied. Results: 22 patients completed the study. VA improved after surgery, from 0.47 (SD 0.19) to 0.12 (0.17) (p

Especificação de uma rede MPLS fim-a-fim com diferenciação de serviços

New multimedia applications that use the Internet as a communication media are pressing for the development of new technologies, such as: MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) and DiffServ. These technologies introduce new and powerful features to the Internet backbone, as the provision of QoS (Quality of Service) capabilities. However, to obtain a true end-to-end QoS, it is not enough to implement such technologies in the network core, it becomes indispensable to extend such improvements to the access networks, what is the aim of the several works presently under development. To contribute to this process, this Thesis presents the RSVP-SVC (Resource Reservation Protocol Switched Virtual Connection) that consists in an extension of RSVP-TE. The RSVP-SVC is presented herein as a mean to support a true end-to-end QoS, through the extension of MPLS scope. Thus, it is specified a Switched Virtual Connection (SVC) service to be used in the context of a MPLS User-to-Network Interface (MPLS UNI), that is able to efficiently establish and activate Label Switched Paths (LSP), starting from the access routers that satisfy the QoS requirements demanded by the applications. The RSVP-SVC was specified in Estelle, a Formal Description Technique (FDT) standardized by ISO. The edition, compilation, verification and simulation of RSVP-SVC were made by the EDT (Estelle Development Toolset) software. The benefits and most important issues to be considered when using the proposed protocol are also included

Guía para la preparación de la hoja de control de ingreso de documentos (HCID): procedimiento de ingreso directo en el sistema mini-micro CDS

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Guía para la preparación de la Hoja de Control de Ingreso de Documentos (HCID)

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Emprego de fibra de cana-de-açúcar na alimentação de cães

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV