Despertando responsabilidade social no ensino médio por meio de temáticas associadas à física nuclear

Many discussions about the role of the school are on the agenda, in an increasingly complex society. Sociologists, educators, anthropologists, researchers of different areas seek that role. The objective of this dissertation is to contribute what we can consider the central role for the physics teaching, citizenship training. We have elaborated a didactic proposal to increase the interest of high school students on issues of social relevance and, throughout it, to promote the formation of attitudes of social responsibility, enhancing the formation of a more politically and socially active citizen. For the preparation of the proposal, studies were made on education for citizenship and on attitudes change, using as its main theoretical foundation the researches on the Science, Technology and Society curricular emphasis. The teaching of Nuclear Physics was integrated to our proposal, due to its pedagogical potential for the discussion of social, political and economic subjects related to scientific concepts and associated technologies. The educational proposal we have produced was applied on a high school class of a private school at Natal-RN. It was composed from the controversial issue involving the installation of nuclear power plants in Brazilian northeast. The methodology of role playing, in which students assumed social roles and produced specific subsidies for a public hearing and a later referendum, both simulated. In the analysis of the implementation of the proposal, we highlighted the difficulties but also the possibilities and the relevance of exercising skills such as reasoning, finding information, and arguing about of social problems. The results of the research showed the possibility of meaningful learning on Nuclear Physics contents, through this social, political, economic, scientific and technological contextualization using a controversial and real issue together with mechanisms that trigger for greater popular participation, as public hearing. It has also been identified changes in attitude by some students about issues related to Nuclear Physics. We hope, through this dissertation, to contribute to the formation of future citizens as well as to the initiative of teachers-researchers with pedagogical aims similar to those in the present work

Creación de experiencias virtuales en física nuclear

El estudio de la radiactividad y su influencia en los seres vivos es un tema fundamental para la formación de los alumnos de los grados en Biología y Ciencias del Mar, y por lo tanto aparece incluido en el plan de estudios de la asignatura de Física de las dos carreras anteriormente mencionadas. A pesar de esto, dicha signatura no cuenta con ninguna práctica de laboratorio en el tema de radiactividad. Esto es debido, principalmente, al alto coste de los equipos y a cuestiones de seguridad. Con el objetivo de solventar este problema en la formación de los alumnos de Física hemos programado, usando el lenguaje JAVA, dos prácticas de laboratorio virtuales en el área de radiactividad. En una de las experiencias, el alumno mide la evolución de la actividad de una muestra radiactiva con el tiempo y a partir de esto podrá obtener la vida media del isótopo radiactivo estudiado, calcular la cantidad de isótopo que queda en la muestra al transcurrir un cierto tiempo, o evaluar el tiempo necesario que debe de transcurrir para que quede un cierto porcentaje del material radiactivo inicial. En la otra experiencia la medición de la actividad y la masa de una muestra dada de carbono de origen biológico, permitirá establecer la edad de la muestra usando el método del 14C. En ambas prácticas el alumno utiliza el instrumental virtual tal y como si estuviera en un laboratorio real con el instrumental adecuado. La interactividad de la práctica y la posibilidad de realizarla fuera de la universidad, a través de internet, hacen de los experimentos virtuales diseñados un excelente complemento a las prácticas tradicionales de laboratorio.

Percursos da física e da energia nucleares na capital portuguesa : ciência, poder e política, 1947-1973

Tese de doutoramento, História e Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Sum rules and short-range correlations in nuclear matter at finite temperature

The nucleon spectral function in nuclear matter fulfills an energy weighted sum rule. Comparing two different realistic potentials, these sum rules are studied for Greens functions that are derived self-consistently within the T matrix approximation at finite temperature.

Nuclear pairing: surface or bulk?

We analyze how the spatial localization properties of pairing correlations are changing in a major neutron shell of heavy nuclei. It is shown that the radial distribution of the pairing density depends strongly on whether the chemical potential is close to a low or a high angular momentum level and has little sensitivity to whether the pairing force acts at the surface or in the bulk. The pairing density averaged over one major shell is, however, rather flat, exhibiting little dependence on the pairing force. Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for the isotopic chain 100-132Sn are presented for demonstration purposes.

Sum rules and correlations in asymmetric nuclear matter

The neutron and proton single-particle spectral functions in asymmetric nuclear matter fulfill energy-weighted sum rules. The validity of these sum rules within the self-consistent Green's function approach is investigated. The various contributions to these sum rules and their convergence as a function of energy provide information about correlations induced by the realistic interaction between the nucleons. The study of the sum rules in asymmetric nuclear matter exhibits the isospin dependence of the nucleon-nucleon correlations.

La física del siglo XX.

Obtuvo la cuarta mención de la modalidad B en el XII Certamen de Materiales Curriculares de 2004, organizado por la Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid

Estado actual de la Física y Química desde el punto de vista científico.

Se realiza un estudio sobre el panorama de la Física desde el punto de vista de los campos convencionales de la misma: Mecánica, Termodinámica, Óptica y Electricidad. Los temas que se tratan son: el láser, la física nuclear y partículas fundamentales, los quarks, la física del estado sólido, las fuentes de energía del futuro, física y química del plasma, química inorgánica moderna, métodos instrumentales de análisis, y la química orgánica. Por último, se hace referencia al futuro del cosmos.

Simple finite field nuclear relaxation method for calculating vibrational contribution to degenerate four-wave mixing

A simple extended finite field nuclear relaxation procedure for calculating vibrational contributions to degenerate four-wave mixing (also known as the intensity-dependent refractive index) is presented. As a by-product one also obtains the static vibrationally averaged linear polarizability, as well as the first and second hyperpolarizability. The methodology is validated by illustrative calculations on the water molecule. Further possible extensions are suggested

Relação entre algumas características de periódicos de física e seus fatores de impacto

Analisa com métodos cienciométricos a relação entre algumas características de uma amostra de periódicos de Física e os valores de Fator de Impacto (FI) publicados no Journal Citation Reports (JCR), no período de 1993 a 2000. As características estudadas são: sub-área do conhecimento, evolução temporal, tipo e tamanho do periódico, densidade dos artigos e ritmo de obsolescência da literatura. A amostra foi constituída de modo não aleatório, abrangendo todos os títulos classificados pelo Journal Citation Reports (JCR) como sendo de algumas sub-áreas da Física: Física; Física Aplicada; Física Atômica, Molecular e Química; Física da Matéria Condensada; Física de Fluídos e de Plasmas; Física Matemática; Física Nuclear; Física de Partículas e Campos; Ótica; e, Astronomia e Astrofísica. Ao total analisou-se 376 periódicos. Foi elaborado um banco de dados no programa Statistics Packet for Social Science (SPSS) versão 8.0 para a coleta das informações necessárias para a realização do estudo, bem como para o tratamento estatístico das mesmas. As hipóteses de trabalho foram testadas através da Análise de Variância (ANOVA), do Teste χ2 e da Dupla Análise de Variância por Posto de Friedman. As análises empreendidas resultaram na comprovação das seis hipóteses de trabalho à medida que foi verificado que as variáveis: tipo, tamanho, densidade, ritmo de obsolescência, sub-área e tempo influenciam, umas em maior grau, outras com menor intensidade, os valores de FI. Especificamente, destaca-se que o tamanho e o ritmo de obsolescência são as características dos periódicos que se correlacionam mais fortemente com o FI. A densidade apresentou o menor poder explicativo das diferenças existentes entre o impacto das publicações. O aspecto mais relevante verificado está na existência de associação entre sub-área e FI. As cinco sub-áreas que se distinguem das demais são: a Óptica e a Física Aplicada por apresentarem valores médios baixos de FI; e a Física de Partículas e Campos, a Física Atômica, Molecular e Química e a Física Nuclear devido às médias altas. O estudo conclui que o FI deve ser utilizado somente de modo contextualizado e relativizado.

Uma abordagem de óptica física e física moderna para Engenharia Ambiental

O item não apresenta o texto completo, pois está passando por revisão editorial

A física da terapia de captura de nêutrons pelo boro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Física de sabores e modelos multi-Higgs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...