Carácter ontológico fundamental en la Física aristotélica

Fil: Rodríguez, Mirtha. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Centro de Estudios de Filosofía Clásica

A influência de Aristóteles na obra astrológica de Ptolomeu (o Tetrabiblos)

Este trabalho descreve as concepções básicas da obra astrológica de Cláudio Ptolomeu, a partir da análise do Tetrabiblos. Através da comparação com outros autores da época, mostra-se que Ptolomeu não apresenta influências estóicas, como alguns autores afirmam. O trabalho defende que a base da astrologia ptolomaica é a física aristotélica.

Concepciones alternativas sobre reposo y movimiento, modelos históricos y deficiencia visual.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Uma abordagem histórica para o ensino do princípio da inércia

Placed in the field of Didactic of Science, this paper proposes an approach to the introduction of the History of Science in science education, at high school level. It was designed and implemented a series of activities regarding the history of the Principle of Inertia. The aim of this approach was to give more meaning to scientific education, while opening new avenues for a better understanding of the processes of construction of scientific knowledge. The preparation of the activities involved a study of the historical development of the concept of motion, from the Aristotelian physics through physical movement concepts at medieval period, from Galileo, Gassendi, Descartes, until the first law of Newton. The strategy of teaching was applied to three classes of high school (night period) of a state public school at the city of Natal (RN). The results indicated the difficulty of overcoming alternative conceptions about movement by students. Nevertheless, we consider that the implementation of this strategy of teaching both represented gains for the learning of students, and contributed to the resizing of pedagogical practices of the teacher-researcher

La filosofía en el plan de estudios del Deán Funes : el contexto hispanoamericano

Se relaciona el Plan de Estudios preparado por Gregorio Funes para la Universidad de Córdoba (1813) con otros similares y contemporáneos elaborados en Santa Fe de Bogotá, Lima y Quito. El interés principal recae en los estudios de filosofía. Los planes representan un momento de transición hacia la modernidad, con la consiguiente crítica a la escolástica y la decisión de reemplazar la física aristotélica.

Synopsis Physicae Generalis : el primer texto de física general.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Física y filosofía : un enfoque interdisciplinar de los contenidos de la Filosofía de COU relativos a la Filosofía de la naturaleza y los antecedentes históricos de la Física newtoniana.

Creyendo necesaria la formación del pensamiento crítico ante la Ciencia para una mejor asimilación de los programas de Física y Filosofía de COU y proponiendo lograrla por la superación de la dicotomía Ciencias-Letras y el estudio de la Historia de la Ciencia, los objetivos son los siguientes. Desarrollar un programa interdisciplinar y activo sobre antecedentes, y sus condicionantes histórico epistemológicos, de la Física newtoniana, que busque obtener del alumno una visión objetiva del saber científico, razonamiento crítico, conciencia de la historicidad de la ciencia y sus condicionantes sociales y nociones sobre su historia (Física) y la aportación filosófica. Evaluar experimentalmente la consecución de los objetivos cognoscitivos y actitudinales y su viabilidad. Está formada por 35 alumnos de COU del I. B. Francisco Giner de los Rios, de Segovia. No es representativa. Desarrollo del programa: asignación, para las dos asignaturas, de horarios, en función de que las clases se destinen a exposiciones teóricas o a actividades; selección, secuenciación y programación de unidades temáticas generales (desde los presocráticos a Newton) en las que se determinan objetivos cognoscitivos, contenidos a abordar, actividades y ejercicios para el alumno y desarrollo metodológico (explicaciones teóricas; confección de léxicos, comentarios y resultes individuales; comentarios en grupo de textos predeterminados; puesta en común de ese trabajo y elaboración de un 'result' de la unidad). Para evaluar la consecución de los objetivos cognoscitivos se evalúa la adquisición de conocimientos básicos de cada unidad; para hacerlo respecto a los actitudinales, se evalúa en función de la aceptación de la programación por parte del alumnado. El programa consta de 6 unidades: A) El pensamiento presocrático: movimiento y cambio; B) La reformulacion aristotélica del problema de los Physilogos; C) La concepción cristiana del mundo, el triunfo medieval del aristotelismo, inicios de la concepción moderna de la ciencia; D) La revolución copérnicana; E) Galileo; F) De Descartes a Newton. Las calificaciones obtenidas son: sobresalientes 3, notables 23, bien 17, suficiente 17, insuficientes 40. A la vista de ellas, y dado que los aprobados igualan o superan a los de otras asignaturas, se creen cumplidos los objetivos cognoscitivos. Tambien los actitudinales se creen cumplidos: el alumnado piensa haber cambiado su actitud ante la ciencia y cree adecuado el enfoque empleado.. Se considera necesario y viable incluir la historia de la Física al inicio de su temario oficial y su desarrollo en apenas un mes del curso. Los contenidos diseñados parecen suficientes y adecuados, si bien podrían ampliarse hasta la actualidad. Se constata la necesidad de desarrollos interdisciplinares entre áreas si se quiere formar la capacidad crítica del alumno.

História do desenvolvimento do conceito de força: um estudo visando contribuições para o ensino de física no nível médio

This study presents the results of a study on the development of the concept of force and their possible applications in physics teaching. The historical study has focused on Aristotelian natural philosophy, medieval theories of strength in impressed and on classical Newtonian mechanics. The Newtonian concept of force was also an object lesson of physics analyzed in this study. In this lesson, conducted in a preuniversity course, spontaneous conceptions or alternative conceptions of students about the concept of force proved very entrenched, resulting in studies on the Model Change on Conceptual and epistemological obstacles in view Bachelardian. The theoretical frameworks adopted led us to trace parallels between spontaneous conceptions revealed by the students and some views about the concept of force found in the study of history. The results show that while some old conceptions have been replaced by scientifically Newtonian concept of force, they are still present in the students' ideas and resist to changes even after the study of Newton's laws. Like main result shows that the history of science can be a great ally for the deconstruction of alternative conceptions, particularly when these concepts were previously presented and overcome the course of history of the development of a concept

Avaliação física do tomate de mesa 'Romana' durante manuseio na pós-colheita

Tomato postharvest losses are very high in Brazil and the goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of handling and the transport of tomato fruits, cultivar Romana on the steps of harvesting, weight and transportation to the packinghouse, pointing some critical points. Tomatoes were harvested at plastic boxes, weighted and shipped to a packinghouse. Fruits taken directly from the plant were determined as reference. The parameters evaluated were weight loss and mechanical injury and tomato physical quality after storage during 21 days. It was observed an increasing on the weight loss, external damage, and postharvest losses, after storage. Handling and transportation were the cause of an increase in 6.6% in external damage and 1.93% of weight loss after storage, when comparing harvested fruits and fruits evaluated on the packing-house. The main reason for postharvest losses was due to mechanical injury caused during transportation mainly due to the compressure force among fruits and against the plastic boxes.

Caracterização física e mecânica de argamassas à base de cimento Portland e cinza de casca de arroz residual

Rice husk, employed as an energy source at milling industries in Brazil generates, after burning, a dark ash. This residue is not yet conveniently disposed, being currently dumped on large areas, causing environmental problems. This research intended to evaluate the applications of residual rice husk ashes (RHA) as a partial replacement of cement for mortar production. Rice husk ash was chemically characterized through X-ray fluorescence, determination of carbon content, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Mortar specimens were submitted to two different exposure conditions: internal and external environments at a maximum period of five months. Physical-mechanical testing were compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Although presenting good mechanical performance, the mortar based on ash (RHA) did not present pozolanicity but it can be employed in cement matrices as inert material (filler).

Pesquisa qualitativa em Educação Física: possibilidades de construção de conhecimento a partir do referencial cultural

This work indicates presuppositions for the qualitative research in Physical Education, starting with a literature review based on the cultural frame of reference. Firstly, we introduce the debate concerning the natural and the human sciences and implications for the Physical Education; we then use a cultural axis as a ground basis for the research in the area, proposing the 'dense description' as a possibility for knowledge building; finally, we bring up examples of studies conducted with such an approach. This theoretical methodological approach allows the study of the human being as a cultural being, thus opposed to the naturalised view of a human - predominant in Physical Education.

Influência da atividade física na qualidade de vida e auto-imagem de mulheres incontinentes

Our aim was to verify the influence of a physical activities proposal in the quality of life and self image of incontinent women. This study was comparative and exploratory and was developed in 16 weeks. Thirty-seven women with and without urinary incontinence (IU) participated in the study. After the study, significant improvement in general health perception (p < 0.001), UI impact (p = 0.035), physical limitations (p = 0.015), personal relations, (p = 0.048), sleep and disposition (p = 0.012) and concerned with the gravity measurements (p = 0.011) was observed. Concerning self image, alterations in appearance were not observed; however, concerning body satisfaction, the women felt less satisfied with their bodies (p = 0.007). There was a reduction in the number of regions where they felt pain (p = 0.0003) and that they did not like (p = 0.0017). In conclusion, the Physical Education professionals using a systematized and integrated physical activities program can lead the women with IU to significant improvement in the perception of their quality of life and health concerning their self image with improvement of the IU symptoms and reduction of frequency and amount of urinary loss.

Qualidade de vida de portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo II frente às oscilações no nível de atividade física, aspectos socioeconômicos e presença de comorbidades

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A dança na formação docente em educação física

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A Educação Física no contexto da nova estrutura do ensino fundamental : uma proposta para o primeiro ano

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física