Del haereticus como enemigo externo al haereticus como cristiano imperfecto en el corpus de Cromacio de Aquileya

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca del significado que el término haereticus adquiere en el discurso de Cromacio de Aquileya. Se procurará demostrar que haereticus contiene en su corpus una doble dimensión semántica: por un lado, en su acepción más inmediata, designa al cristiano abiertamente disidente respecto de la ortodoxia local; por otro, la lectura atenta de los Sermones y del Tractatus in Mathaeum permite apreciar que Cromacio empleaba el concepto para referir a algunos miembros de la propia comunidad cristiana cuyas conductas y creencias acaso no se adecuaban a las exigencias de la nueva fe. Al mismo tiempo, pues, el término haereticus resultaba un útil instrumento para la catequesis, puesto que pretendía instruir a estos cristianos imperfectos en la especificidad de la identidad cristiana, y un instrumento coercitivo, ya que aspiraba a que el temor a merecer en vida y tras la muerte las sanciones destinadas al haereticus externo y arquetípico contribuyera a la completa asunción de las consecuencias del acto de conversión

Del haereticus como enemigo externo al haereticus como cristiano imperfecto en el corpus de Cromacio de Aquileya

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca del significado que el término haereticus adquiere en el discurso de Cromacio de Aquileya. Se procurará demostrar que haereticus contiene en su corpus una doble dimensión semántica: por un lado, en su acepción más inmediata, designa al cristiano abiertamente disidente respecto de la ortodoxia local; por otro, la lectura atenta de los Sermones y del Tractatus in Mathaeum permite apreciar que Cromacio empleaba el concepto para referir a algunos miembros de la propia comunidad cristiana cuyas conductas y creencias acaso no se adecuaban a las exigencias de la nueva fe. Al mismo tiempo, pues, el término haereticus resultaba un útil instrumento para la catequesis, puesto que pretendía instruir a estos cristianos imperfectos en la especificidad de la identidad cristiana, y un instrumento coercitivo, ya que aspiraba a que el temor a merecer en vida y tras la muerte las sanciones destinadas al haereticus externo y arquetípico contribuyera a la completa asunción de las consecuencias del acto de conversión

Del haereticus como enemigo externo al haereticus como cristiano imperfecto en el corpus de Cromacio de Aquileya

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca del significado que el término haereticus adquiere en el discurso de Cromacio de Aquileya. Se procurará demostrar que haereticus contiene en su corpus una doble dimensión semántica: por un lado, en su acepción más inmediata, designa al cristiano abiertamente disidente respecto de la ortodoxia local; por otro, la lectura atenta de los Sermones y del Tractatus in Mathaeum permite apreciar que Cromacio empleaba el concepto para referir a algunos miembros de la propia comunidad cristiana cuyas conductas y creencias acaso no se adecuaban a las exigencias de la nueva fe. Al mismo tiempo, pues, el término haereticus resultaba un útil instrumento para la catequesis, puesto que pretendía instruir a estos cristianos imperfectos en la especificidad de la identidad cristiana, y un instrumento coercitivo, ya que aspiraba a que el temor a merecer en vida y tras la muerte las sanciones destinadas al haereticus externo y arquetípico contribuyera a la completa asunción de las consecuencias del acto de conversión

Test of the enemy release hypothesis: the native magpie moth prefers a native fireweed (Senecio pinnatifolius) to its introduced congener (S.Madagascariensis)

Abstract The enemy release hypothesis predicts that native herbivores will either prefer or cause more damage to native than introduced plant species. We tested this using preference and performance experiments in the laboratory and surveys of leaf damage caused by the magpie moth Nyctemera amica on a co-occuring native and introduced species of fireweed (Senecio) in eastern Australia. In the laboratory, ovipositing females and feeding larvae preferred the native S. pinnatifolius over the introduced S. madagascariensis. Larvae performed equally well on foliage of S. pinnatifolius and S. madagascariensis: pupal weights did not differ between insects reared on the two species, but growth rates were significantly faster on S. pinnatifolius. In the field, foliage damage was significantly greater on native S. pinnatifolius than introduced S. madagascariensis. These results support the enemy release hypothesis, and suggest that the failure of native consumers to switch to introduced species contributes to their invasive success. Both plant species experienced reduced, rather than increased, levels of herbivory when growing in mixed populations, as opposed to pure stands in the field; thus, there was no evidence that apparent competition occurred.

Shadow boxing with an imaginary enemy : a response to "Law and Order Blues"

In our rejoinder to Don Weatherburn's paper,"Law and Order Blues", we do not take issue with his advocacy of the need to take crime seriously and to foster a more rational approach to the problems it poses. Where differences do emerge is (1) with his claim that he is willing to do so whilst we (in our different ways) are not; and (2) on the question of what this involves. Of particular concern is the way in which his argument proceeds by a combination of simple misrepresentation of the positions it seeks to disparage, and silence concerning issues of real substance where intellectual debate and exchange would be welcome and useful. Our paper challenges, in turn, the misrepresentation of Indermaur's analysis of trends in violent crime, the misrepresentation of Hogg and Brown's Rethinking Law and Order, the misrepresentation of the findings of some of the research into the effectiveness of punitive policies and the silence on sexual assault in "Law and Order Blues". We suggest that his silence on sexual assault reflects a more widespread unwillingness to acknowledge the methodological problems that arise in the measurement of crime because such problems severely limit the extent to which confident assertions can be made about prevalence and trends.

My enemy has asked to be friended on Facebook

Satirical poem on social media, literary reviews and memory

The enemy of music : modeling the behavior of a cultural industry in crisis

The purpose of this explorative study is to contribute to the understanding of current music industry dynamics. The situation is undeniably quite dramatic: Since the turn of the millennium, the global music industry has declined by $ US 6.2 billion in value—a fall of 16.3% in constant dollar terms. IFPI, the trade organization representing the international recording industry, identifies a number of exogenous factors as the main drivers of the downturn. This article suggests that other factors, in addition to those identified by IFPI, may have contributed to the current difficulties. A model is presented which indicates that business strategies which were designed to cope with the challenging business environment have reduced product diversity, damaged profitability, and contributed to the problem they were intended to solve.

Shadow boxing with an imaginary enemy : a response to “law and order blues”

In our rejoinder to Don Weatherburn's paper, “Law and Order Blues”, we do not take issue with his advocacy of the need to take crime seriously and to foster a more rational approach to the problems it poses. Where differences do emerge is (1) with his claim that he is willing to do so whilst we (in our different ways) are not; and (2) on the question of what this involves. Of particular concern is the way in which his argument proceeds by a combination of simple misrepresentation of the positions it seeks to disparage, and silence concerning issues of real substance where intellectual debate and exchange would be welcome and useful. Our paper challenges, in turn, the misrepresentation of Indermaur's analysis of trends in violent crime, the misrepresentation of Hogg and Brown's Rethinking Law and Order, the misrepresentation of the findings of some of the research into the effectiveness of punitive policies and the silence on sexual assault in “Law and Order Blues”. We suggest that his silence on sexual assault reflects a more widespread unwillingness to acknowledge the methodological problems that arise in the measurement of crime because such problems severely limit the extent to which confident assertions can be made about prevalence and trends.

Test of the enemy release hypothesis: the native magpie moth prefers a native fireweed (Senecio pinnatifolius) to its introduced congener (S. madagascariensis).

The enemy release hypothesis predicts that native herbivores will either prefer or cause more damage to native than introduced plant species. We tested this using preference and performance experiments in the laboratory and surveys of leaf damage caused by the magpie moth Nyctemera amica on a co-occuring native and introduced species of fireweed (Senecio) in eastern Australia. In the laboratory, ovipositing females and feeding larvae preferred the native S. pinnatifolius over the introduced S. madagascariensis. Larvae performed equally well on foliage of S. pinnatifolius and S. madagascariensis: pupal weights did not differ between insects reared on the two species, but growth rates were significantly faster on S. pinnatifolius. In the field, foliage damage was significantly greater on native S. pinnatifolius than introduced S. madagascariensis. These results support the enemy release hypothesis, and suggest that the failure of native consumers to switch to introduced species contributes to their invasive success. Both plant species experienced reduced, rather than increased, levels of herbivory when growing in mixed populations, as opposed to pure stands in the field; thus, there was no evidence that apparent competition occurred.

Thymidine phosphorylase in cancer; Enemy or friend?

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a nucleoside metabolism enzyme that plays an important role in the pyrimidine pathway.TP catalyzes the conversion of thymidine to thymine and 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose-1-phosphate (dRib-1-P). Although this reaction is reversible, the main metabolic function of TP is catabolic. TP is identical to the angiogenic factor platelet-derived endothelial-cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). TP is overexpressed in several human cancers in response to cellular stressful conditions like hypoxia, acidosis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. TP has been shown to promote tumor angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, evasion of the immune-response and resistance to apoptosis. Some of the biological effects of TP are dependent on its enzymatic activity, while others are mediated through cytokines like interleukin 10 (IL-10), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Interestingly, TP also plays a role in cancer treatment through its role in the conversion of the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine into its active form 5-FU. TP is a predictive marker for fluoropyrimidine response. Given its various biological functions in cancer progression, TP is a promising target in cancer treatment. Further translational research is required in this area.

Preliminary studies on the effect of the increased biodiversity on the population dynamics of Caliroa cerasi L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), and its natural enemy Trichogramma minutum R. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in a sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchard in Virch (Southern Patagonia Argentina)

p.25-36

Preliminary studies on the effect of the increased biodiversity on the population dynamics of Caliroa cerasi L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), and its natural enemy Trichogramma minutum R. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in a sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchard in Virch (Southern Patagonia Argentina)

p.25-36