Lightning-Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines-Application of the Extended Rusck Model

Lightning-induced overvoltages have a considerable impact on the power quality of overhead distribution and telecommunications systems, and various models have been developed for the computation of the electromagnetic transients caused by indirect strokes. The most adequate has been shown to be the one proposed by Agrawal et al.; the Rusck model can be visualized as a particular case, as both models are equivalent when the lightning channel is perpendicular to the ground plane. In this paper, an extension of the Rusck model that enables the calculation of lightning-induced transients considering flashes to nearby elevated structures and realistic line configurations is tested against data obtained from both natural lightning and scale model experiments. The latter, performed under controlled conditions, can be used also to verify the validity of other coupling models and relevant codes. The so-called Extended Rusck Model, which is shown to be sufficiently accurate, is applied to the analysis of lightning-induced voltages on lines with a shield wire and/or surge arresters. The investigation conducted indicates that the ratio between the peak values of the voltages induced by typical first and subsequent strokes can be either greater or smaller than the unity, depending on the line configuration.

Integrable Kondo impurities in the one-dimensional supersymmetric extended Hubbard model

An integrable Kondo problem in the one-dimensional supersymmetric extended Hubbard model is studied by means of the boundary graded quantum inverse scattering method. The boundary K-matrices depending on the local moments of the impurities are presented as a non-trivial realization of the graded reflection equation algebras in a two-dimensional impurity Hilbert space. Further, the model is solved by using the algebraic Bethe ansatz method and the Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.

Metal-insulator transition and charge ordering in the extended Hubbard model at one-quarter filling

We study, with exact diagonalization, the zero temperature properties of the quarter-filled extended Hubbard model on a square lattice. We find that increasing the ratio of the intersite Coulomb repulsion, V, to the bandwidth drives the system from a metal to a charge ordered insulator. The evolution of the optical conductivity spectrum with increasing V is in agreement with the observed optical conductivity of several layered molecular crystals with the theta and beta crystal structures.

Two-loop stability of a complex singlet extended Standard Model

Motivated by the dark matter and the baryon asymmetry problems, we analyze a complex singlet extension of the Standard Model with a Z(2) symmetry (which provides a dark matter candidate). After a detailed two-loop calculation of the renormalization group equations for the new scalar sector, we study the radiative stability of the model up to a high energy scale (with the constraint that the 126 GeV Higgs boson found at the LHC is in the spectrum) and find it requires the existence of a new scalar state mixing with the Higgs with a mass larger than 140 GeV. This bound is not very sensitive to the cutoff scale as long as the latter is larger than 10(10) GeV. We then include all experimental and observational constraints/measurements from collider data, from dark matter direct detection experiments, and from the Planck satellite and in addition force stability at least up to the grand unified theory scale, to find that the lower bound is raised to about 170 GeV, while the dark matter particle must be heavier than about 50 GeV.

Ordered phases in the extended Hubbard model

A novel method to probe the diverse phases for the extended Hubbard model (EHM), including the correlated hopping term, is presented. We extend an effective medium approach [1] to a bipartite lattice, allowing for charge- and/or spin-ordered phases. We calculate the necessary correlation functions to build the EHM phase diagram.

One dimensional extended Hubbard model: two-particle bound states and resonances.

In questo lavoro di tesi è stato svolto uno studio analitico sul modello di Hubbard esteso unidimensionale al fine di osservare la presenza di eventuali risonanze che possano dare origine alla formazione di stati legati di due particelle. L'esistenza di uno stato legato stabile ha suscitato grande interesse negli ultimi anni, sia in ambito teorico che sperimentale, poichè è alla base di molti fenomeni che vengono osservati nei sistemi a molti corpi a basse temperature, come il BCS-BEC crossover. Pertanto si è ritenuto utile studiare il problema a due corpi nel modello di Hubbard esteso, che in generale non è integrabile. Il modello considerato contiene interazioni a primi e secondi vicini, in aggiunta all'interazione di contatto presente nel modello di Hubbard. Il problema è stato indagato analiticamente attraverso il Bethe ansatz, che consente di trovare tutti gli autovalori e le autofunzioni dell'Hamiltoniana. L'ansatz di Bethe sulla funzione d'onda è stato generalizzato per poter tener conto dei termini di interazione a più lungo raggio rispetto all'interazione di contatto. Si trova che, in questo modello, nel limite termodinamico, possono avvenire delle risonanze (o quasi-risonanze) in cui la lunghezza di scattering diverge, contrariamente a quanto avviene nel modello di Hubbard. Tale fenomeno si verifica quando il livello energetico discreto degli stati legati “tocca” la banda di scattering. Inoltre, con l'aggiunta di nuovi termini di interazione emergono nuovi stati legati. Nel caso in esame, si osservano due famiglie di stati legati, se lo spin totale delle due particelle è 1, e tre famiglie di stati legati, se lo spin totale è 0.

Mode locking in a spatially extended neuron model: active soma and compartmental tree

Understanding the mode-locked response of excitable systems to periodic forcing has important applications in neuroscience. For example it is known that spatially extended place cells in the hippocampus are driven by the theta rhythm to generate a code conveying information about spatial location. Thus it is important to explore the role of neuronal dendrites in generating the response to periodic current injection. In this paper we pursue this using a compartmental model, with linear dynamics for each compartment, coupled to an active soma model that generates action potentials. By working with the piece-wise linear McKean model for the soma we show how the response of the whole neuron model (soma and dendrites) can be written in closed form. We exploit this to construct a stroboscopic map describing the response of the spatially extended model to periodic forcing. A linear stability analysis of this map, together with a careful treatment of the non-differentiability of the soma model, allows us to construct the Arnol'd tongue structure for 1:q states (one action potential for q cycles of forcing). Importantly we show how the presence of quasi-active membrane in the dendrites can influence the shape of tongues. Direct numerical simulations confirm our theory and further indicate that resonant dendritic membrane can enlarge the windows in parameter space for chaotic behavior. These simulations also show that the spatially extended neuron model responds differently to global as opposed to point forcing. In the former case spatio-temporal patterns of activity within an Arnol'd tongue are standing waves, whilst in the latter they are traveling waves.

Machine learning approach to the extended Hubbard model

The 1d extended Hubbard model with soft-shoulder potential has proved itself to be very difficult to study due its non solvability and to competition between terms of the Hamiltonian. Given this, we tried to investigate its phase diagram for filling n=2/5 and range of soft-shoulder potential r=2 by using Machine Learning techniques. That led to a rich phase diagram; calling U, V the parameters associated to the Hubbard potential and the soft-shoulder potential respectively, we found that for V<5 and U>3 the system is always in Tomonaga Luttinger Liquid phase, then becomes a Cluster Luttinger Liquid for 57, with a quasi-perfect crystal in the U<3V/2 and U>5 region. Finally we found that for U<5 and V>2-3 the system shall maintain the Cluster Luttinger Liquid structure, with a residual in-block single particle mobility.

Remoção de corantes alimentícios em sistema aquoso binário utilizando quitosana modificada com cianoguanidina como adsorvente

Os estudos de adsorção de corantes alimentícios de soluções aquosas geralmente estão voltados para a remoção de um corante específico, porém, as misturas binárias são mais realistas para simular efluentes industriais. A adsorção de corantes com quitosana é considerada uma tecnologia alternativa eco amigável, e quando a estrutura da quitosana é modificada quimicamente, resulta em um adsorvente mais adequado. A reticulação da quitosana com cianoguanidina apresenta vantagens, como melhoria na estabilidade em soluções ácidas e diminuição do custo do adsorvente. Nesta pesquisa, o objetivo do trabalho foi modificar a quitosana com cianoguanidina para remoção de corantes alimentícios em sistema aquoso binário. A fim de verificar o comportamento dos adsorventes na operação de adsorção, foram preparadas amostras de quitosana com diferentes graus de desacetilação (75%, 85% e 95%), e após, foram realizadas modificações destas amostras com cianoguanidina. Os adsorventes foram caracterizados e aplicados para a adsorção de azul indigotina e amarelo tatrazina em sistema aquoso binário e em sistema simples. O efeito do pH e do grau de desacetilação foram verificados para a remoção dos corantes por quitosana com e sem modificação em sistema simples e binário. Curvas de equilíbrio foram obtidas em diferentes temperaturas e o modelo estendido de Langmuir foi ajustado aos dados experimentais. O comportamento cinético foi avaliado através dos modelos pseudo-primeira ordem, pseudo-segunda ordem e Avrami. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos foram determinados e estudos de dessorção do adsorvente foram realizados. O pH mais adequado foi 3, e o melhor grau de desacetilação foi 95% para ambos os sistemas aquosos e adsorbatos. As capacidades de adsorção da quitosana sem e com modificação não apresentaram diferença significativa. O modelo de Langmuir estendido apresentou ajuste adequado às curvas de equilíbrio e as máximas capacidades de adsorção foram 595,3 e 680,0 mg g-1, obtidas à 25ºC, para o os corantes azul indigotina e amarelo tatrazina, respectivamente. O modelo de Avrami foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados cinéticos de adsorção. A dessorção do adsorvente foi possível por dois ciclos, mantendo sua capacidade de adsorção em 209,7 mg g-1 no primeiro ciclo e 200,2 mg g-1 no segundo ciclo. A quitosana modificada com cianoguanidina apresentou-se como um adsorvente promissor para a remoção de corantes alimentícios em sistema binário.

A Log-Linear Regression Model for the Beta-Weibull Distribution

We introduce the log-beta Weibull regression model based on the beta Weibull distribution (Famoye et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2007). We derive expansions for the moment generating function which do not depend on complicated functions. The new regression model represents a parametric family of models that includes as sub-models several widely known regression models that can be applied to censored survival data. We employ a frequentist analysis, a jackknife estimator, and a parametric bootstrap for the parameters of the proposed model. We derive the appropriate matrices for assessing local influences on the parameter estimates under different perturbation schemes and present some ways to assess global influences. Further, for different parameter settings, sample sizes, and censoring percentages, several simulations are performed. In addition, the empirical distribution of some modified residuals are displayed and compared with the standard normal distribution. These studies suggest that the residual analysis usually performed in normal linear regression models can be extended to a modified deviance residual in the proposed regression model applied to censored data. We define martingale and deviance residuals to evaluate the model assumptions. The extended regression model is very useful for the analysis of real data and could give more realistic fits than other special regression models.

Algebraic Bethe ansatz for integrable one-dimensional extended Hubbard models with open boundary conditions

Nine classes of integrable open boundary conditions, further extending the one-dimensional U-q (gl (212)) extended Hubbard model, have been constructed previously by means of the boundary Z(2)-graded quantum inverse scattering method. The boundary systems are now solved by using the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, and the Bethe ansatz equations are obtained for all nine cases.

Application of heterogeneous vacancy solution theory to characterization of microporous solids

The vacancy solution theory of adsorption is re-formulated here through the mass-action law, and placed in a convenient framework permitting the development of thermodynamic ally consistent isotherms. It is shown that both the multisite Langmuir model and the classical vacancy solution theory expression are special cases of the more general approach when the Flory-Huggins activity coefficient model is used, with the former being the thermodynamically consistent result. The improved vacancy solution theory approach is further extended here to heterogeneous adsorbents by considering the pore-width dependent potential along with a pore size distribution. However, application of the model to numerous hydrocarbons as well as other adsorptives on microporous activated carbons shows that the multisite model has difficulty in the presence of a pore size distribution, because pores of different sizes can have different numbers of adsorbed layers and therefore different site occupancies. On the other hand, use of the classical vacancy solution theory expression for the local isotherm leads to good simultaneous fit of the data, while yielding a site diameter of about 0.257 nm, consistent with that expected for the potential well in aromatic rings on carbon pore surfaces. It is argued that the classical approach is successful because the Flory-Huggins term effectively represents adsorbate interactions in disguise. When used together with the ideal adsorbed solution theory the heterogeneous vacancy solution theory successfully predicts binary adsorption equilibria, and is found to perform better than the multisite Langmuir as well as the heterogeneous Langmuir model. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

An EDTA-β-cyclodextrin adsorbent for the adsorption of rare earth elements and its application in preconcentration of ultratrace rare earth elements from seawater

The objectives of this work were synthesizing an EDTA-β-CD adsorbent and investigating its adsorption potential and applications in preconcentration of REEs from aqueous phase. The adsorption capacity of EDTA-β-CD was investigated. The adsorption studies were performed by batch techniques both in one- and multi-component systems. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration were evaluated. The analytical detection methods and characterization methods were presented. EDTA-β-CD adsorbent was synthesized successfully with high EDTA coverage. The maximum REEs uptake was 0.310 mmol g-1 for La(III), 0.337 mmol g-1 for Ce(III) and 0.353 mmol g-1 for Eu(III), respectively. The kinetics of REEs onto EDTA-β-CD fitted well to pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption rate was affected by intra-particle diffusion. The experimental data of one component studies fitted to Langmuir isotherm model indicating the homogeneous surface of the adsorbent. The extended Sips model was applicable for the isotherm studies in three-component system. The electrostatic interaction, chelation and complexation were all involved in the adsorption mechanism. The preconcentration of RE ions and regeneration of EDTA-β-CD were successful. Overall, EDTA-β-CD is an effective adsorbent in adsorption and preconcentration of REEs.

Aprofitament de residus vegetals per a la concentració i separació d'ions metàl·lics de solucions aquoses

La adsorció sobre carbó actiu és un tractament habitual para a l'eliminació de metalls contaminants d'afluents aquosos. Amb la finalitat de reduir el cost dels tractament actuals s'està estudiant la utilització d'adsorbents de baix cost com a substituts dels sorbents convencionals que s'utilitzen usualment en els tractaments d'aigües. En aquesta tesi s'ha avaluat la possibilitat d'aprofitar diversos residus vegetals procedents de processos agrícoles o residus industrials, com a sorbents per a l'eliminació de metalls de solucions aquoses. En concret, el treball s'ha centrat en assolir dos grans objectius, primer de tot, conèixer la possibilitat d'utilitzar el pinyol d'oliva com a adsorbent de metalls divalents de solucions aquoses, com són el Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) i Pb(II), i en segon lloc, avaluar la utilització de quatre residus vegetals (escorça de yohimbe, rapa de raïm, suro i pinyol d'oliva) per a l'extracció de Cr(VI) de solucions aquoses i utilitzar el residu vegetal més apropiat com a base per tal d'obtenir un nou sorbent, amb més bona morfologia per ser utilitzat en sistemes d'eliminació de Cr(VI) en continu. Les dades cinètiques d'adsorció es van tractar amb el model cinètic de pseudo-segon ordre, amb el que es van determinar la velocitat inicial d'adsorció dels metalls. Els models d'isotermes d'equilibri de Langmuir i Freundlich es van utilitzar per descriure els equilibris d'adsorció i calcular els paràmetres de les isotermes. En els assajos amb mescles binàries de metalls, els resultats es van tractar amb el model ampliat de Langmuir. En aquest treball s'ha determinat, primerament, que el pinyol d'oliva és un bon sorbent dels metalls divalents estudiats. S'ha determinat que l'adsorció dels metalls varia amb el pH de la solució i que la presència de sals en la solució provoca una davallada en l'adsorció. També es va determinar la competència en l'adsorció entre els metalls al realitzar assajos en mescles binàries. Amb els estudis d'extracció de Cr(VI) amb els quatre materials s'ha determinat que aquests vegetals poden adsorbir el Cr(VI) en solució, tot i que la rapa i la yohimbe són els materials que presenten unes capacitats d'adsorció més elevades. Les anàlisis amb espectroscòpia electrònica de Raig-X realitzats en la rapa de raïm i la yohimbe en contacte amb Cr(VI) varen demostrar la presència del metall en els dos estats d'oxidació, Cr(VI) i Cr(III), evidenciant la participació del mecanisme de reducció de Cr(VI) en l'adsorció del metall sobre els materials. Amb l'encapsulació de la rapa de raïm es va incrementar significativament la capacitat d'adsorció del metall respecta a la seva utilització en la forma original. Les dades experimentals es van tractar amb un model de difusió i es va determinar el coeficient de difusió en l'adsorció en el sorbent amb diferent percentatge de rapa en l'interior. Finalment s'han realitzat estudis preliminars d'adsorció de crom hexavalent en continu utilitzant columnes de petites dimensions farcides amb el sorbent format per boles de rapa encapsulada en alginat càlcic. En aquests assajos s'ha determinat l'efecte en l'adsorció de metall de diversos paràmetres d'operació, com la concentració inicial de metall, el cabal i l'alçada de llit. El model de transferència de matèria i difusió en columna emprat pel tractament de les dades experimentals va mostrar l'efecte de la concentració inicial i del cabal en els coeficients de difusió i transferència de matèria. El model BDST no va predir correctament el temps de servei en els diferents paràmetres d'operació experimentats a causa de la complexitat del procés d'adsorció. Amb aquests assajos preliminars s'han establert les bases de l'adsorció de Cr(VI) amb el nou sorbent en sistemes en continu amb la finalitat de realitzar estudis posteriors d'eliminació del metall en columnes de majors dimensions.