Amarrações e arrumações na inclusão escolar do município de Hortolândia - SP

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

O conhecimento didático do conteúdo e a qualidade do ensino : um estudo na disciplina de Química com a 7ª classe do sistema educativo angolano

Com o intuito de contribuir para a qualificação do ensino escolar da Química na República de Angola, a presente investigação analisou as caraterísticas do Conhecimento Didático do Conteúdo e a Qualidade de Ensino dos professores considerados peritos naquela área disciplinar. A questão de partida que orientou o estudo foi a seguinte: “O que é que carateriza o Conhecimento Didático do Conteúdo dos professores peritos de Química e qual a sua relação com a Qualidade de Ensino?”. A investigação implementada é de tipo quasi-experimental, com um caráter descritivo e exploratório. A amostra foi constituída por grupos de professores e alunos (peritos e não peritos). Os dados recolheram-se por entrevistas aos professores peritos e a observação das suas aulas, por captação de imagens; por questionários e testes de avaliação aos alunos dos dois grupos. A análise dos resultados obedeceu a metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa. Os resultados revelam que, os professores peritos reúnem requisitos caraterizados pelas suas intervenções de pedagogias mais ativas que os tornam mais eficazes. As caraterísticas das suas intervenções propiciam melhorias na qualidade de ensino. Contudo, as conclusões gerais implicam a necessidade de formação dos professores, de modo a melhorar a qualidade de ensino da Química em Angola.

L’évolution des pratiques de lecture à haute voix d’enseignantes expertes et leur influence sur le développement de l’habileté des élèves du préscolaire à faire des inférences

La présente recherche collaborative vise à étudier les pratiques de lecture à haute voix d’enseignantes expertes et leur influence sur le développement de l’habileté des élèves du préscolaire à faire des inférences. Plus précisément, nous décrivons les interventions, lors des lectures à haute voix, de quatre enseignantes expertes que nous avons formées pour travailler la compréhension inférentielle et les comparons à celles de deux enseignantes expertes non formées (objectif 1). Puis, nous examinons l’influence de leurs pratiques de lecture à haute voix sur le développement de l’habileté à faire des inférences de leurs élèves (n=92) (objectif 2). Enfin, nous nous intéressons, à titre exploratoire, au potentiel de la recherche collaborative comme voie de développement professionnel des enseignants (objectif 3). Afin d’atteindre nos objectifs, nous avons observé les enseignantes à quatre reprises, lors de lectures d’albums de littérature de jeunesse. Les données obtenues à partir de ces pratiques observées ont été complétées par celles issues des pratiques déclarées des enseignantes pour toute la durée de la recherche (neuf semaines). De plus, nous avons évalué l’habileté à réaliser des inférences des élèves de ces six enseignantes à deux reprises, au début et à la fin de la recherche. Finalement, les enseignantes ont rempli deux questionnaires écrits sur l’impact de cette recherche sur leurs pratiques, l’un à la fin de la recherche et l’autre deux ans après celle-ci. Nos résultats indiquent que si toutes les enseignantes travaillaient les inférences, il existe cependant des différences notables dans leur façon de mener ce travail. Trois des enseignantes formées (enseignantes 1, 2 et 3) ont majoritairement privilégié la co-élaboration du sens des épisodes implicites et se sont montrées très efficaces pour soutenir leurs élèves dans ce travail de construction du sens. L’autre enseignante formée (enseignante 4), en raison d’une appropriation difficile du contenu de la formation, n’est pas parvenue à offrir à ses élèves un étayage adéquat, malgré ses nombreuses tentatives pour les amener à faire des inférences. Les enseignantes non formées (enseignantes 5 et 6) ont, quant à elles, misé plus fréquemment sur la transmission du sens des épisodes implicites et ont également soutenu moins efficacement leurs élèves dans l’élaboration du sens. Ces différences dans la façon de travailler les inférences se sont répercutées sur la progression des élèves entre le début et la fin de la recherche. Ceux des enseignantes 1, 2 et 3 obtiennent des résultats significativement supérieurs à ceux des trois autres enseignantes. Ainsi, il ne suffit pas de travailler les inférences lors des lectures à haute voix pour assurer la progression des élèves. D’autres facteurs revêtent aussi une grande importance : le choix d’oeuvres de qualité, l’engagement des élèves dans les discussions pour co-élaborer le sens et l’étayage adéquat de l’enseignant. Enfin, il semblerait que l’activité réflexive suscitée lors d’une participation à une recherche collaborative et le soutien offert par l’étudiante-chercheuse aient donné aux enseignantes la possibilité d’apporter des changements durables dans leurs pratiques. En ce sens, la recherche collaborative paraît être une voie prometteuse pour contribuer au développement professionnel des enseignants.

Les pratiques d’enseignement de la littératie d’enseignants experts du premier cycle du primaire et la place accordée à la différenciation pédagogique

La présente recherche vise à décrire les pratiques d’enseignement de la littératie au premier cycle du primaire en contexte montréalais d’enseignants considérés experts. Plus précisément, les trois objectifs de recherche consistent à décrire les pratiques d’enseignement de la langue écrite au premier cycle du primaire en contexte montréalais privilégiées par certains enseignants considérés experts (N=6) (objectif 1); à décrire les différentes formes de différenciation pédagogique privilégiées pour l’enseignement de la lecture et de l’écriture en contexte montréalais de certains enseignants considérés experts afin de répondre aux besoins variés de tous leurs élèves (objectif 2) et à étudier les liens possibles entre les pratiques d’enseignement de la langue écrite d’enseignants considérés experts et la progression de leurs élèves (N=100) du premier cycle du primaire en contexte montréalais, au regard de leur connaissance des correspondances phonographiques et de la norme orthographique (objectif 3). Afin de répondre aux objectifs, deux entretiens ont été menés auprès des enseignantes, de même que deux observations en classe, une à l’automne et une au printemps. Pour leur part, les élèves ont été soumis à deux tâches d’écriture à deux reprises durant l’année (une tâche de production de mots et une tâche de production de texte) permettant de mesurer leur progression en cours d’année relativement à leurs connaissances des correspondances phonographiques et de la norme orthographique. Nos résultats nous ont permis de recueillir des pratiques très diversifiées et conduites avec une fréquence fort différente d’une enseignante à l’autre. La densité des contenus abordés en classe diffère également beaucoup entre les enseignantes. En lien avec le modèle du multi-agenda de Bucheton et Soulé (2009), les cinq composantes constituant la matrice de l’activité de l’enseignant se retrouvent dans toutes les classes, mais ces préoccupations n’occupent pas toutes la même place dans les pratiques des enseignantes de la recherche. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que toutes les enseignantes différencient leur enseignement, mais de façon variable. Il semble que ce soit la différenciation des processus, des contenus et des structures qui soit la plus aisée à mettre en place en classe. En lien avec notre adaptation du modèle de différenciation pédagogique de Caron (2008), il semble que ce soit la diversification et l’offre de choix qui sont mobilisées le plus fréquemment. Les mesures d’adaptation sont rarement mises en avant dans les pratiques de classe, tandis que les mesures d’individualisation n’ont pas été constatées. En ce qui a trait aux résultats des élèves aux tâches en écriture, nos résultats indiquent que deux groupes se démarquent parmi les six. En effet, c’est dans ces deux classes que la plus forte progression est constatée. Les pratiques des enseignantes de ces deux classes sont très diversifiées et elles sont les seules à mettre en avant dans leurs pratiques tous les dispositifs dont il est question en entretiens. De plus, les contenus enseignés sont denses, ce qui est réputé pour caractériser les pratiques des enseignants efficaces (Hall, 2003). De même, ces deux enseignantes offrent un étayage de grande qualité à leurs élèves et maîtrisent parfaitement le pilotage des tâches. La présente recherche peut servir à apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les pratiques de littératie des enseignants considérés experts afin de mieux comprendre leurs pratiques, de même que la place qu’ils accordent à la différenciation pédagogique.

Elaboração e avaliação de um ambiente virtual para o ensino/aprendizagem de embriologia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dificuldades de aprendizagem em cálculo e a relação com raciocínio lógico formal: uma análise no ensino superior

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Análise do processo inclusivo em uma escola estadual no município de bauru: a voz de um aluno com deficiência visual

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Design and designing:a critical introduction

Design and Designing provides a broad and critical understanding of what is essentially a practical subject. Designing today is less a craft and more a part of the knowledge economy. It's all about knowing how to acquire knowledge and how to apply it creatively. Design and Designing covers the design process, modelling and drawing, working with clients, production and consumption, sustainability, professional practice and design futures. Chapters are written by expert teachers and practitioners from around the globe, each presenting an accessible and engaging overview of their field of design. Every chapter is highly illustrated with a combination of images and information boxes, which extend or highlight key material. Each section concludes with a design project, a hands-on activity for the reader. Design and Designing covers the full spectrum of design types, from graphic communication to product design, from fashion to games design, setting every type in its aesthetic, ethical and social contexts. With this essential book, readers will learn from today's best practice and best thinking in design, they will develop a critical sense, and become the designers of tomorrow.

Conhecimento sobre currículo de química de professores peritos da 7ª classe no sistema educativo angolano

O estudo desenvolveu-se no âmbito do sistema educativo angolano, com professores peritos de Química que lecionavam a 7a classe (12-13 anos de idade), com o objetivo de caraterizar o conhecimento desses professores sobre o currículo tendo em conta que o currículo de qualquer disciplina e de qualquer nível de ensino representa as aprendizagens consideradas relevantes pelos decisores devendo considerar as capacidades e aspirações do aluno, a língua, o meio e a cultura, a história e a arte, as exigências de trabalho e as interações de caráter societal. Dai que o professor, para poder planear as atividades de ensino e aprendizagem, tem, necessariamente, de conhecer o currículo no sentido de proporcionar ao educando os saberes da disciplina e explorar as articulações necessárias para a sua digna integração na complexa sociedade atual. Para o efeito, entrevistamos 16 professores selecionados como peritos. Num desenho metodológico exploratório, a técnica utilizada foi a entrevista e os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e categorizados. Os resultados revelaram que os professores peritos manifestaram um considerável domínio de conhecimento do currículo de Química e valorizaram a articulação vertical e horizontal dos seus conteúdos.

English teachers in the digital age – a case study of policy and expert practice from England

This article is a case study of how English teachers in England have coped with the paradigm shift from print to digital literacy. It reviews a large scale national initiative that was intended to upskill all teachers, considers its weak impact and explores the author’s involvement in the evaluation of the project’s direct value to English teachers. It explores how this latter evaluation revealed how best practice in English using ICT was developing in a variable manner. It then reports on a recent small scale research project that investigated how very good teachers have adapted ICT successfully into their teaching. It focuses on how the English teachers studied in the project are developing a powerful new pedagogy situated in the life worlds of their students and suggests that this model may be of benefit to many teachers. The issues this article reports on have resonance in all English speaking countries. This article is also a personal story of the author’s close involvement with ICT and English over 20 years, and provides evidence for his conviction that digital technologies will eventually transform English teaching.

The expert teacher of English

The Expert Teacher of English is for all passionate teachers – both novice and expert - who aspire to become outstanding professionals. It considers what we mean by ‘expert’ and ‘expertise’, explores concepts that are vital to understanding what expertise in teaching is ‘for’, and discusses the characteristics of excellent teaching. As increasing attention is being paid to the concept of the professional who can model excellent teaching and mentor and develop others, it provides a critical analysis of The Advanced Skills Teacher and the Excellent Teacher, as well as the Chartered Teacher in Scotland and the ‘highly accomplished teacher’ in the US. Drawing on the views, ideas and experiences of a group of skilful teachers, The Expert Teacher of English aims to stimulate personal and professional development, help you reflect on the concept of expertise, and support you as you develop as a highly accomplished teacher.

Assessment for Learning in teaching English to Young Learners: teachers’ understanding, classroom practice and impact on interactions

It has been suggested that Assessment for Learning (AfL) plays a significant role in enhancing teaching and learning in mainstream educational contexts. However, little empirical evidence can support these claims. As AfL has been shown to be enacted predominantly through interactions in primary classes, there is a need to understand if it is appropriate, whether it can be efficiently used in teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) and how it can facilitate learning in such a context. This emerging research focus gains currency especially in the light of SLA research, which suggests the important role of interactions in foreign language learning. This mixed-method, descriptive and exploratory study aims to investigate how teachers of learners aged 7-11 understand AfL; how they implement it; and the impact that such implementation could have on interactions which occur during lessons. The data were collected through lesson observations, scrutiny of school documents, semi-structured interviews and a focus group interview with teachers. The findings indicate that fitness for purpose guides the implementation of AfL in TEYL classrooms. Significantly, the study has revealed differences in the implementation of AfL between classes of 7-9 and 10-11 year olds within each of the three purposes (setting objectives and expectations; monitoring performance; and checking achievement) identified through the data. Another important finding of this study is the empirical evidence suggesting that the use of AfL could facilitate creating conditions conducive to learning in TEYL classes during collaborative and expert/novice interactions. The findings suggest that teachers’ understanding of AfL is largely aligned with the theoretical frameworks (Black & Wiliam, 2009; Swaffield, 2011) already available. However, they also demonstrate that there are TEYL specific characteristics. This research has important pedagogical implications and indicates a number of areas for further research.

Pedagogização do pedagógico: sobre o jogo do expert no governamento docente

O artigo objetiva colocar em causa a razão imanente entre as práticas educacionais atuais e o âmbito da governamentalidade, por meio da problematização dos processos de pedagogização aí levados a cabo. Mais especificamente, visa analisar o jogo do expert como modalidade privilegiada do governamento docente na atualidade. Para tanto, toma como objeto empírico entrevistas concedidas por especialistas à revista Nova Escola entre 2005 e 2009. A discussão indica uma espécie de saturação pedagogizante do campo escolar, sempre com vistas a um (auto)governamento flexível, porém obstinado, das condutas docentes, operando a reboque da autoridade indefectível do expert, da lógica da desqualificação/requalificação profissional e da apologia da formação permanente, as quais, somadas, redundarão numa acirrada pedagogização do pedagógico

A Q-Methodology approach to investigating the relationship between level of reflection and typologies among prospective teachers in the physics learning assistant program at Florida International University

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to understand physics Learning Assistants' (LAs) views on reflective teaching, expertise in teaching, and LA program teaching experience and to determine if views predicted level of reflection evident in writing. Interviews were conducted in Phase One, Q methodology was used in Phase Two, and level of reflection in participants' writing was assessed using a rubric based on Hatton and Smith's (1995) "Criteria for the Recognition of Evidence for Different Types of Reflective Writing" in Phase Three. Interview analysis revealed varying perspectives on content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and experience in relation to expertise in teaching. Participants revealed that they engaged in reflection on their teaching, believed reflection helps teachers improve, and found peer reflection beneficial. Participants believed teaching experience in the LA program provided preparation for teaching, but that more preparation was needed to teach. Three typologies emerged in Phase Two. Type One LAs found participation in the LA program rewarding and believed expertise in teaching does not require expertise in content or pedagogy, but it develops over time from reflection. Type Two LAs valued reflection, but not writing reflections, felt the LA program teaching experience helped them decide on non-teaching careers and helped them confront gaps in their physics knowledge. Type Three LAs valued reflection, believed expertise in content and pedagogy are necessary for expert teaching, and felt LA program teaching experience increased their likelihood of becoming teachers, but did not prepare them for teaching. Writing assignments submitted in Phase Three were categorized as 19% descriptive writing, 60% descriptive reflections, and 21% dialogic reflections. No assignments were categorized as critical reflection. Using ordinal logistic regression, typologies that emerged in Phase Two were not found to be predictors for the level of reflection evident in the writing assignments. In conclusion, viewpoints of physics LAs were revealed, typologies among them were discovered, and their writing gave evidence of their ability to reflect on teaching. These findings may benefit faculty and staff in the LA program by helping them better understand the views of physics LAs and how to assess their various forms of reflection.