Societat civil, història i universitat. Una experiència en la commemoració dels 70 anys del final de la Guerra Civil

En motiu dels setanta anys del final de la Guerra Civil espanyola, “la retirada” i els camps d’internament a França, el Grup d’Estudis de Comunicació i Política (GECP) de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona va tenir la iniciativa de muntar una exposició didàctica a la sala d’exposicions de la Biblioteca de Comunicació i Hemeroteca General de la mateixa Universitat per poder rememorar aquesta efemèride. L’exposició “Els camins de l’exili. El final de la guerra, la retirada i els primers camps” va ser plantejada des d’un punt de vista didàctic, intentant facilitar a l’alumnat de la Universitat el coneixement d’aquest període històric que, moltes vegades, és feixuc de treballar amb el mètode tradicional que sempre ha usat l’Acadèmia. Abans de muntar l’exposició, però, el GECP va recórrer el territori català per tal de treballar amb fonts de primera mà i, també, conèixer quines altres institucions o grups de recerca de Catalunya o la Catalunya Nord estaven treballant el mateix tema amb l’objectiu de coordinar sinèrgies. Posteriorment, es va fer una trobada de tots els grups al Museu d’Història de Catalunya, on es van assentar les bases pel treball col·lectiu que, finalment, es va traduir amb l’exposició que va ser presentada a la UAB durant el març i abril de 2009

Universal exhibitions and the cinema: history and culture

The objective of this article is to examine the presence of cinema in World Fairs between the 1893 World`s Columbian Exposition in Chicago and 1939 (the New York World`s Fair). As an integral part of a visual culture constructed by these spaces to celebrate capitalism, the trajectory of cinema is identified with these world fairs due to its ability to entertain and, at the same time, to educate. Cinema was established as a means of mass communication during the First World War and afterwards would participate more actively in the symbolic disputes of a world about to enter the second global conflict. It would reach a broader public, becoming the main `showcase` in which nations projected virtues to be celebrated. The new striking visual spectacle assumed, within this context, greater emphasis through films idealized as true cinematographic monuments.

Popular music exhibitions in Portugal: practices of representation from 2007 to 2013

This thesis focuses on the representation of Popular Music in museums by mapping, analyzing, and characterizing its practices in Portugal at the beginning of the 21st century. Now that museums' ability to shape public discourse is acknowledged, the examination of popular music's discourses in museums is of the utmost importance for Ethnomusicology and Popular Music Studies as well as for Museum Studies. The concept of 'heritage' is at the heart of this processes. The study was designed with the aim of moving the exhibiting of popular music in museums forward through a qualitative inquiry of case studies. Data collection involved surveying pop-rock music exhibitions as a qualitative sampling of popular music exhibitions in Portugal from 2007 to 2013. Two of these exhibitions were selected as case studies: No Tempo do Gira-Discos: Um Percurso pela Produção Fonográfica Portuguesa at the Museu da Música in Lisbon in 2007 (also Faculdade de Letras, 2009), and A Magia do Vinil, a Música que Mudou a Sociedade at the Oficina da Cultura in Almada in 2008 (and several other venues, from 2009 to 2013). Two specific domains were observed: popular music exhibitions as instances of museum practice and museum professionals. The first domain encompasses analyzing the types of objects selected for exhibition; the interactive museum practices fostered by the exhibitions; the concepts and narratives used to address popular music discursively, as well as the interpretative practices they allow. The second domain, focuses museum professionals and curators of popular music exhibitions as members of a group, namely their goals, motivations and perspectives. The theoretical frameworks adopted were drawn from the fields of ethnomusicology, popular music studies, and museum studies. The written materials of the exhibitions were subjected of methods of discourse analysis methods. Semi-structured interviews with curators and museum professional were also conducted and analysed. From the museum studies perspective, the study research suggests that the practice adopted by popular music museums largely matches that of conventional museums. From the ethnomusicological and popular music studies stand point, the two case studies reveal two distinct conceptual worlds: the first exhibition, curated by an academic and an independent researcher, points to a mental configuration where popular music is explained through a framework of genres supported by different musical practices. Moreover, it is industry actors such as decision makers and gatekeepers that govern popular music, which implies that the visitors' romantic conception of the musician is to some extent dismantled; the second exhibition, curated by a record collector and specialist, is based on a more conventional process of the everyday historical speech that encodes a mismatch between “good” and “bad music”. Data generated by a survey shows that only one curator, in fact that of my first case study, has an academic background. The backgrounds of all the others are in some way similar to the curator of the second case study. Therefore, I conclude that the second case study best conveys the current practice of exhibiting Popular Music in Portugal.

L'invention de la race : des représentations scientifiques aux exhibitions populaires

4e de couv.: Comment est né le concept moderne, scientifique, de "race" ? Pourquoi est-il devenu si rapidement hiérarchique, distinguant les "races inférieures" des "races supérieures" ? Et comment ce concept a-t-il pu revêtir une telle importance, aussi bien au sein de la communauté scientifique qu'auprès du grand public, au cours du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe siècle, jusqu'à être utilisé pour expliquer l'histoire et le devenir de l'humanité ? Autant d'interrogations, à l'origine de ce livre. L'invention de la race analyse la genèse des conceptions scientifiques de la "race", et montre que les nouvelles techniques de mesure et de représentation des corps racialisés opèrent une révolution visuelle majeure, inscrivant la différence humaine dans la biologie. Cet ouvrage avance qu'à partir d'une origine européenne, l'idée de race s'est étendue - par les connexions transnationales de réseaux scientifiques et marchands -, à tout l'Occident, mais aussi au Japon, à la Corée et à une partie de la Chine. Partout, elle suscite représentations et politique raciales discriminatoires. L'ouvrage montre aussi que les théories sur les hiérarchies raciales ont influencé les spectacles ethniques (dont les zoos humains), les expositions internationales et coloniales, la photographie ou les collections ethnographiques. Les expositions internationales et coloniales et l'internationalisation des spectacles ethniques ont largement véhiculé ces hiérarchies, contribuant forger une vision du monde fondée sur l'inégalité des races.

Exiles and Constituents: Baltic Refugees and American Cold War Politics, 1948- 1960

This dissertation explores the complicated relations between Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian postwar refugees and American foreign policymakers between 1948 and 1960. There were seemingly shared interests between the parties during the first decade of the Cold War. Generally, Eastern European refugees refused to recognize Soviet hegemony in their homelands, and American policy towards the Soviet bloc during the Truman and Eisenhower administrations sought to undermine the Kremlin’s standing in the region. More specifically, Baltic refugees and State Department officials sought to preserve the 1940 non-recognition policy towards the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States. I propose that despite the seemingly natural convergence of interests, the American experiment of constructing a State-Private network revolving around fostering relations with exile groups was fraught with difficulties. These difficulties ultimately undermined any ability that the United States might have had to liberate the Baltic States from the Soviet Union. As this dissertation demonstrates, Baltic exiles were primarily concerned with preserving a high level of political continuity to the interwar republics under the assumption that they would be able to regain their positions in liberated, democratic societies. American policymakers, however, were primarily concerned with maintaining the non-recognition policy, the framework in which all policy considerations were analyzed. I argue that these two motivating factors created unnecessary tensions in American policy towards the Baltic republics in the spheres of psychological warfare as well as exile unity in the United States and Europe. Despite these shortcomings, I argue that out of the exiles’ failings was born a generation of Baltic constituents that blurred the political legitimacy line between exiles who sought to return home and ethnic Americans who were loyal to the United States. These Baltic constituents played an important role in garnering the support of the United States Congress, starting in the 1950s, but became increasingly influential after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, despite the seemingly less important role Eastern Europe played in the Cold War. The actions of the Baltic constituents not only prevented the Baltic question from being forever lost in the memory hole of history, but actually created enough political pressure on the State Department that it was impossible to alter the long-standing policy of not recognizing the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States.

Becoming Locals in a Borderland of Exiles. Sense of Place in the Stories of Lithuania Minor Dwellers

This thesis deals with sense of place, the relation that we construct with our dwelling and the surrounding environment. The topic belongs to the field of human geography. Sense of place is deeply intertwined with the ideas of feeling at home and having a place where to return. I argue that narratives of life experience help us relate to the places we inhabit, go through, leave. My analysis concerns Lithuania Minor, the Lithuanian region lying by the border with Kaliningrad, and focuses in particular on Vilkyškiai, a village in the municipality of Pagėgiai. Most of the area’s original population disappeared in the war. After 1945, people from all over the country and the USSR settled here. This raised the prickly question of who belongs to the borderland. Refugees, migrants and settlers allow us to observe closely the development of sense of place and its main constituents. Through this analysis, I challenge the idea of people’s natural rights to places and shows how time, engagement in local-based cultural activities and recollection help foreigners become locals. To grasp the locals’ sense of place, I collected open, light-structured interviews and applied some elements of semantic analysis to interpret the materials. From my research, it emerges that the cultivation of the region’s cultural heritage and the practice of storytelling were crucial in making the respondents feel at home. Leaving aside all legalistic claims concerning the issue, I suggest that people belong to the land they dwell. I believe that their sense of place deserves consideration from the State and the other actors seeing them as migrants.