Lateral-torsional buckling of cold-formed steel beams at ambient temperature

Cold-formed steel beams are increasingly used as floor joists and bearers in residential, industrial and commercial buildings. Their structural behaviour and moment capacities are influenced by lateral-torsional buckling and hence a research study was undertaken to investigate the lateral-torsional buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams at ambient and elevated temperatures. For this purpose a finite element model of a simply supported cold-formed steel lipped channel beam under uniform bending was developed first and validated using available numberical and experimental results. It was then used in a detailed parametric study to simulate the lateral-torsional behaviour of cold-formed steel beams under varying conditions. The moment capacity results were then compared with the predictions from the current ambient temperature design rules in Australia, New Zealand, American and European codes for cold-formed steel structures. Some very interesting results have been obtained. European design rules are found to be conservative while Australian and American design rules are unsafe. This paper presents the results of finite element analyses for ambient temperature conditions, and the comparison with the current design rules.

Modelagem numérica de ligações viga-coluna em aço sob momento fletor e força normal.

As ligações desempenham um papel fundamental no comportamento global das estruturas de aço. Inúmeros trabalhos de pesquisa têm sido desenvolvidos para entender o comportamento real de uma ligação e sua influência na resistência global dos pórticos. Atualmente, a Norma Brasileira de estruturas de aço de edificações, NBR 8800, considera o comportamento das ligações entre duas situações extremas: rígidas, onde não ocorre nenhuma rotação entre os membros conectados, transferindo momento fletor, força cortante e força normal; ou flexíveis, caracterizadas pela liberdade de rotação entre os membros conectados, impedindo a transmissão de momento fletor. Outras normas de projeto de estruturas de aço, consideram que as ligações apresentam um comportamento intermediário, ou seja, semi-rigídas, que podem estar submetidas a uma combinação de momento fletor e esforço normal. Porém, mesmo com a combinação, estas normas não consideram a presença de esforço normal (tração e/ou compressão). Uma limitação empírica de 5% da resistência plástica da viga é a única condição imposta no Eurocode 3. Para o estudo da ligação semi-rigída será utilizada a filosofia do Método das Componentes, que verifica a resistência da ligação e sua classificação quanto à rigidez rotacional, desenvolvida através de modelos mecânicos (modelos de molas). O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever alguns resultados de caracterização de ligações viga-coluna com placa de extremidade ajustada à altura da viga obtidos através de um modelo de elementos finitos. Para tal, será realizada uma análise não-linear geométrica e de material. Esta análise possibilitará avaliar os principais parâmetros que influenciam no comportamento deste componente no que diz respeito a sua avaliação em termos de distribuição de tensões e deformações no modelo de forma global.

Influência do comportamento semi-rígido de placas de base e de ligações viga-coluna na resposta dinâmica de pórticos de aço.

Tradicionalmente, na análise e dimensionamento de estruturas de aço, assume-se que as ligações viga-coluna são rígidas ou flexíveis (rotuladas). Por outro lado, é de conhecimento geral que a grande maioria das ligações viga-coluna apresenta um comportamento intermediário, ou seja, semi-rígido. Inúmeros trabalhos de pesquisa têm sido desenvolvidos nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, de forma a estudar o comportamento desse tipo de ligação. Um dos principais objetivos desta investigação é o de propor uma metodologia de análise que represente de forma apropriada a influência do comportamento semi-rígido de placas de base e de ligações viga-coluna, sobre a resposta dinâmica (linear e não-linear) de estruturas de aço. Outra contribuição desta dissertação diz respeito à investigação do comportamento dinâmico (linear e não-linear) de pórticos de aço, a partir da consideração de ligações viga-coluna simétricas e não-simétricas e especialmente das placas de base. A análise estrutural é desenvolvida com base no emprego do programa de elementos finitos ANSYS [27]. Nos modelos em elementos finitos foram considerados os efeitos de não-linearidade geométrica (efeitos de segunda ordem), o comportamento não-linear das placas de base e das ligações viga-coluna e, bem como, o efeito de histerese que ocorre quando a estrutura é submetida a cargas cíclicas. Os resultados alcançados indicaram que o fenômeno físico da ressonância não ocorre no que se refere à resposta dinâmica dos modelos semi-rígidos não-lineares. A ressonância não ocorre na resposta dos modelos devido ao fato de que, na análise dinâmica não-linear, o efeito de histerese presente nas ligações (placas de base e viga-coluna), essencialmente com comportamento não-linear, provoca um amortecimento na resposta dinâmica da estrutura.

Projeto de estabilidade da alteração de um edifício de habitação multifamiliar

Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Estruturas

Boron dilution benchmark using COBAYA3/FLICA4 coupled codes within the NURISP European Project

Within the subproject 3 of the NURISP project three neutron kinetic codes have been implemented into the NURESIM platform. For all three codes (CRONOS2, COBAYA3 and DYN3D) the coupling with the thermal hydraulic code FLICA4 was accomplished using the features of the NURESIM platform. This paper contains the results obtained with COBAYA3/FLICA4 coupled codes for the PWR boron dilution benchmark defined within the sub project 3 of the NURISP project. Results are provided for all the scenarios.

Convergence in European corporate governance : the audit committee concept

This paper analyses recent corporate governance codes issued by 20 countries for evidence of convergence in corporate governance systems in Europe. The analysis shows that there has been a degree of convergence towards an Anglo-Saxon model of corporate governance as the audit committee concept is widely accepted in countries with both unitary and two-tier governance systems. Further, the latest audit committee recommendations in countries that have issued several governance codes show a strengthening of the recommendations for an audit committee over time in line with the Anglo-Saxon audit committee concept and convergence with the debate in the US and UK on issues such as the independence and financial expertise of members. However, consistent with the literature on the convergence of European corporate governance systems, at an operational level there is limited consistency in the recommended structure and role of audit committees.

Falling through the cracks: are European directives and international conventions the panacea for freshwater nature conservation?

There are many ways of practising freshwater nature conservation: from strict legislative protection of individual species considered rare or threatened to protecting whole lakes or long stretches of rivers; from practical conservation management at a local scale to integrated catchment management at the river basin scale; and from the encouragement of better habitat management through codes of good practice to statutory control of pollution or abstraction. Whatever the mechanism, an essential pre-requisite is a way of choosing where to put the effort, especially when resources for nature conservation are severely limited. The aim of this article is to review the contribution from four specific international measures to the task of assigning priorities for conservation. The 1990s saw the introduction of two European directives (the Habitats Directive (HD) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD)) and one international convention (the Biodiversity Convention (CBD)) each with the potential for influencing, to a greater or lesser extent, the conservation of freshwater habitats and species. This article also discusses a much older convention – the Ramsar Convention – adopted in 1971 specifically to help tackle the conservation and management of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems. Although the authors have focused mainly on the UK, the subject is relevant to other parts of Europe and beyond. The article explores the degree to which these measures help in identifying the most important fresh waters for conservation, and asks whether or not they present the right conservation message to a wide audience.

Which Legal Standards Should Apply To Web-logs? The present legal position of Internet journals in the European iuris prudence in the light of the European Parliament Committee’s on Culture and Education report and Polish Supreme Court decision

The article discusses the present status of weblogs and examines whether legal standards applicable to traditional press and media should be applied to that specific forum. The analysis is based on two key documents: the Draft Report on the concentration and pluralism in the media in European Union (2007/2253(INI)) of the European Parliament Committee on Culture and Education presented in March 2008 and a landmark decision of the Polish Supreme Court from July 26, 2007 (IV KK 174/07) in the light of present judicial tendency in other European countries. The first of the mentioned documents calls for the “clarification of the legal status of different categories of weblog authors and publishers as well as disclosure of interests and voluntary labelling of weblogs”. It emphasizes that the “undetermined and unindicated status of authors and publishers of weblogs causes uncertainties regarding impartiality, reliability, source protection, applicability of ethical codes and the assignment of liability in the event of lawsuits”. The position of the European Parliament, expressed in the document, raises serious questions on the limits of freedom of thought and speech on the Internet and on the degree of acceptable state control. A recent Polish Supreme Court decision, which caused quite a stir in the Polish Internet community, seems to head in the very direction recommended by the EP Culture Committee. In a case of two editors of a web journal (“czasopismo internetowe”) called “Szyciepoprzemysku”, available on-line, accused of publishing a journal without the proper registration, the Polish Supreme Court stated that “journals and periodicals do not lose the character of a press release due solely to the fact that they appear in the form of an  Internet transmission”, and that ‘’the publishing of press in an electronic form, available on the Internet, requires  registration”. The decision was most surprising, as prior lower courts decisions declined the possibility to register Internet periodicals. The accused were acquitted in the name of the constitutional principle of the rule of law (art. 7 of the Polish Constitution) and the ensuing obligation to protect the trust of a citizen to the state (a conviction in this case would break the collateral estoppel rule), however the decision quickly awoke media frenzy and raised the fear of a need to register all websites that were regularly updated. The spokesman of the Polish Supreme Court later explained that the sentence of the Court was not intended to cause a mass registration of all Internet “periodicals” and that neither weblogs nor Internet sites, that were regularly updated, needed registration. Such an interpretation of the Polish press law did not appear clear based only on the original text of the judgment and the decision as such still raises serious practical questions. The article aims to examine the status of Internet logs as press and seeks the compromise between the concerns expressed by European authorities and the freedom of thought and speech exercised on the Internet.

Implementation, communication and the benefits of corporate codes of ethics in Taiwan and Turkey : a comparison across contexts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the corporate codes of ethics (CCE) that are put in place by companies in Taiwan and Turkey.

Design/methodology/approach – This study examines the use of CCE among the top companies in Taiwan and Turkey. It is a replication of a study performed in Australia, Canada and Sweden and a follow-up study.

Findings – The empirical findings show many similarities with top companies in Australia, Canada and Sweden, but more importantly identify key differences distinctly unique to each of the two countries under investigation. Statistical analysis suggests that the implementation, communication and benefits of CCE are paramount to Turkish companies operating in a domestic environment where the aspiration to participate globally and join the European Union is high, whereas in Taiwan it is low in favor of more traditional business practices (similar to the Chinese concept of guanxi) that focus on individual relationships in favor of formalized regulatory frameworks (such as CCE).

Originality/value – This study makes a complementary contribution to the accumulated knowledge in the area of CCE, particularly given the cultural and historical differences these countries possess in comparison to each other and those previously studied and documented in the literature.