Euphorbia splendens - Berberis vulgaris

AR

Capacidade de colonização de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) em cercas-vivas, quebra-ventos e plantas invasoras

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de colonização do Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) em espécies de cercas-vivas, quebra-ventos e plantas invasoras mais freqüentes em pomares cítricos. O ensaio foi conduzido em laboratório e casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se 11 espécies vegetais (tratamentos): Hibiscus sp., Malvaviscus mollis, Grevillea robusta, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Bixa orellana, Euphorbia splendens, Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Sida cordifolia e Ageratum conyzoides e Citrus sinensis. Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Para cada unidade experimental, constituída de uma planta envasada, foram transferidas 100 fêmeas de B. phoenicis provenientes de uma criação estoque. Decorridos 45 dias após a transferência dos ácaros para as plantas invasoras e 60 dias para as cercas-vivas e os quebra-ventos, estas tiveram suas folhas destacadas e seus ramos repicados para avaliação dos totais de estágios de desenvolvimento. Os dados relativos às contagens foram transformados em ln(x+5) e analisados pelo teste F. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). As cercas-vivas e quebra-ventos mais favoráveis ao ácaro, em ordem decrescente, foram: M. mollis (6.342 ácaros), Hibiscus sp. (2.546), B. orellana (2.097), G. robusta (1.485) e M. caesalpiniaefolia (776). Nenhum ácaro foi encontrado em E. splendens. Com relação às plantas invasoras, foram: B. pilosa (2.238), C. benghalensis (920), S. cordifolia (738) e A. conyzoides (684). em C. sinensis foram contados 3.116 ácaros. Com exceção de E. splendens, todas as plantas mostraram-se favoráveis ao crescimento populacional de B. phoenicis. A presença destes nos pomares cítricos pode representar uma ameaça à cultura.

Transmissibilidade da leprose das cercas-vivas, quebra-ventos e plantas daninhas para citros através de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Oidiopsis (Erysiphaceae) on Euphorbia spp. in Australia and Vanuatu

One specimen of powdery mildew on Euphorbia cyathophora from Vanuatu and 11 specimens on E. cyathophora, E. dentata, E. heterophylla and E. leucocephala from Australia were studied. All were shown to represent the Oidiopsis anamorph of Leveillula taurica, which is described. This is the first record of Oidiopsis in Vanuatu. E. leucocephala is a new host record for this powdery mildew.

Study on the morphometric and meristic characteristics of splendid silver belly Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier) from Bombay coast

Ten morphometric and six meristic characters of Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier) of Bombay Coast have been studied sexwise. Regression and sexwise difference if any between the compared morphometric characteristics have been worked out. Range, mode, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation of 6 meristic characters have been analysed. There was no significant difference between the sexes in morphometric and any deviation in the meristic characters.

Substitution of live feed by formulated diet: effect on the growth and survival of Betta splendens (Regan) fry

The present work evaluates the effectiveness of partial or total replacement of live feed (LF) (Tubifex) together with formulated diet (FD) for Betta splendens. Three hundred Betta splendens fry of uniform size (mean weight 0.19±0.01g) were equally distributed in five treatment groups with three replicates in glass aquaria of 351itre capacity. Fishes were given diets at different ratio of LF and FD viz. T1(C) 100% LF; T2 75% LF, 25% FD; T3 50% LF, 50% FD; T4 25% LF, 75% FD and T5 100% FD and the experiment continued for 105 days. T2 group registered highest (P<0.05) % body weight gain (125.61±0.26) and specific growth rate (2.34±0.02), which was similar to T1 and T3 groups. Lowest FCR was recorded in T2 (2.40±0.11) group, which was similar to Tl, T3 and T4 groups. Highest (P<0.05) PER was observed in T4 (1.00±0.03) group, which was similar to T3 and T5 groups. At the end of experiment, highest % survival was recoded in T1, T2 and T3 groups (96.67±1.67), which was similar to T4 group. From the study, it is concluded that LF can be successfully replaced up to 75% by FD without any adverse effect on the growth and survival of Betta splendens.

Flower color chimera and abnormal leaf mutants induced by C-12(6+) heavy ions in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.

The effect of C-12(6+) heavy ions bombardment on mutagenesis in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl. was studied. Dose-response studies indicated that there was a peak of malformation frequency of S. splendens at 200 Gy. Abnormal leaf mutants of the bileaf, trileaf and tetraleaf conglutination were selected. Meanwhile, a bicolor flower chimera with dark red and fresh red flower was isolated in M1 generation of S. splendens. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated that DNA variations existed among the wild-type, fresh and dark red flower shoots of the chimera. The dark red flower shoots of the chimera were conserved and cultivated at a large-scale through micropropagation. MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimal medium in which the maximum proliferation ratio (5.2-fold) and rooting rate (88%) were achieved after 6 weeks. Our findings provide an important method to improve the ornamental quality of S. splendens.

An ent-Kaurane Diterpene from Euphorbia wallichii

One known ent- kaurane diterpene, ent- 16α, 17- dihydroxykauran- 3-one, were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii for the first time. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. And the NMR assignments of the compound in CD3OD were given for the first time.

Diterpenoids from Euphorbia wallichii

Object To study the chemical constituents of Euphorbia wallichii.Methods The constituents were repeatedly separated and purified on silica gel column.They were identified on the basis of spectral methods.Results Nine diterpenoids were obtained from the roots of E. wallichii.Among them jolkinol B(I) is lathyrane type;caudicifolin (Ⅱ),helioscopinolides A(Ⅲ),C(Ⅳ),and E(Ⅴ) belong to abietane type;while ent-atisane-3β,16α,17-triol(Ⅵ),ent-16α,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one(Ⅶ),ent-3β,(13S)-dihydroxyatis-16-en-14-one(Ⅷ),and ent-2-hydroxy-atis-1,16(17)-dien-3,14-dione(Ⅸ) possess an ent-atisane skeleon.Conclusion All of them are isolated from E. wallichii for the first time.

Chemical constituents from euphorbia wallichii

Eleven known compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii for the first time. They were elucidated to be three triterpenoids, β-amyrin (1), β-amyrin acetate (2) and 3β-acetoxy-lupenol (3), one nor-triterpene peroxide baccatin (4), two caffeic esters (5a, 5b), palmitic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropanenyl ester (6), palmitic acid (7), scopoletin (8), β-sitosterol (9) and daucosterol (10) on the basis of spectral methods. Among them, compound 5a, 5b were reported firstly in the spurge family. And the NMR assignments of compounds 5a and 5b were given for the first time.

Two new diterpenes from Euphorbia kansuensis

Two new lathyrane diterpenes, 3 beta,5 alpha-dihydroxy-15 beta-cinnamonyloxy-14-oxoladiyra-6Z, 12E- diene (1) and 3 beta,5 alpha,20-trihydroxy-15 beta-cinnamoyloxy-14-oxolathyra-6Z, 12E-diene (2), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansuensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Skeleton-rearranged pentacyclic diterpenoids possessing a cyclobutane ring from Euphorbia wallichii

Two novel rearranged trachylobane diterpenoids, designated as wallichanol A (2) and wallichanol B (3), consisting of an unprecedented pentacyclic skeleton named wallichane with a cyclobutane ring, and a new ent-trachylobane diterpenoid, 3-oxo-ent-trachyloban-17-oic acid (1), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of 2D-NMR spectroscopic data, with the stereochemistry of 1 confirmed by X-ray crystallographic study. All of these compounds potently block osteoclastogenesis in vitro, suggesting a potential therapeutic application in prevention of osteoporosis.

A new guaiane diterpenoid from Euphorbia wallichi

A new guaiane-type diterpenoid, (1 alpha, 5 alpha, 7 alpha)-3,10(18), 11-dictytriene-19-acid, was obtained from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii. This is the first isolation of guaiane diterpene from this genus of Euphorbia. The structure was elucidated by spectral methods. And the compound was tested for the cytotoxicities on the cancer cell line P-388 and A-549 in vitro.

Three new diterpenoids from Euphorbia wallichii

Three new abietane diterpene lactones, 3alpha-hydroxyjolkinolide A (1), ent-8alpha,14beta-dihydroxy-13(15)-ene-16(12alpha)-abietanolide (2) and ent-8alpha,14alpha-dihydroxy-13(15)-ene-16(12alpha)-abietanolide (3) as well as a known abietane diterpene jolkinolide A (4) were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.