998 resultados para Etileno acetato de vinilo (EVA)
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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We investigated the effect of adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) to ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, containing 28% vinyl acetate groups, on the crystallinity and miscibility of the copolymer. Films of EVA/TiO2 containing 0.25%-1% TiO2, relative to the total weight of EVA, were prepared from their solution. The obtained films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of TiO2 to the EVA copolymer was proved to cause changes in the crystallinity and mobility of the polymer chains of EVA, due to new intermolecular interactions and nanostructure organization.
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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Químicas con Especialidad en Química Orgánica) U.A.N.L.
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Neste trabalho foi realizada a preparação de compósitos tendo como base o uso de poli(etileno-co-acetato de vinila) (EVA) a 18 mol% de acetato de vinila, com cinco tipos diferentes de carga (carbonato de cálcio, sílica, xisto retortado, xisto calcinado e argila sódica), sendo elas usadas naturalmente, funcionalizadas com silano ou tratadas termicamente. As misturas foram processadas durante 15 minutos em câmara de mistura a 160ºC com velocidade dos rotores de 50rpm. Foi verificado que o processamento do EVA não acarretou processos de degradação ou reticulação do polímero. Propriedades mecânicas, calorimetria diferencial de varredura e análises morfológicas foram realizadas para avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes cargas em distintas concentrações. Os compósitos EVA-18/argila sódica silanizada e EVA-18/xisto calcinado silanizado foram os sistemas que apresentaram os melhores resultados em relação às propriedades mecânicas quando comparado com a matriz polimérica e as demais cargas ensaiadas. O silano teve um papel fundamental na melhoria das propriedades mecânicas. Com apenas 1% (m/m) de argila sódica silanizada obteve-se um aumento de 13% na tensão no ponto de ruptura. Ambos são melhores que o EVA-18/carbonato de cálcio e o EVA-18/sílica comumente utilizados na indústria. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que tanto a argila sódica silanizada quanto o xisto calcinado silanizado são alternativas econômicas e eficientes a serem aplicadas como uma possibilidade de escolha de carga para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do EVA.
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Este trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo, em reactor fechado, da produção de ésteres de cadeia longa por catálise enzimática em meio supercrítico com vista ao desenvolvimento de um processo sustentável, tecnologicamente eficiente e limpo e que constitua uma alternativa aos processos químicos tradicionais. Como composto modelo a produzir foi seleccionado o acetato de decilo, um éster com aplicação na indústria de fragrâncias. A reacção estudada foi a transesterificação do acetato de vinilo com o decanol, obtendo-se como principal produto o acetato de decilo. O catalisador escolhido foi a lipase B de Candida antarctica (CALB), imobilizada na resina macroporosa Lewatit B (Novozym 435®). A síntese de acetato de decilo foi estudada numa instalação experimental de alta pressão, equipada com um reactor fechado de volume variável, a operar isotermicamente a 35 ºC e a 100 bar, usando-se como solvente CO2 em condições supercríticas. Fez-se a determinação do conteúdo enzimático por tamanho de partícula de catalisador, tendo-se verificado que as partículas mais pequenas têm uma quantidade específica de enzima mais elevada, havendo uma relação inversamente proporcional entre o conteúdo enzimático e o tamanho de partícula. Verificou-se também que a enzima deve estar localizada numa camada exterior da partícula, seguindo um modelo do tipo “casca de ovo”, sendo a espessura dessa camada de 60 μm (assumindo distribuição uniforme) e independente do tamanho de partícula. Analisaram-se as resistências à transferência de massa, tanto externas como internas. Para as primeiras, fez-se apenas variar a agitação dentro do reactor, mantendo todas as outras condições de operação constantes (temperatura, pressão, quantidade de enzima, tamanho de partícula, concentração de substratos na alimentação). Verificou-se que a partir de 950 r.p.m. as resistências externas à transferência de massa são eliminadas. Relativamente às resistências internas, realizaram-se várias reacções com diferentes tamanhos de partícula, mas com a mesma quantidade de enzima, a mesma concentração dos dois substratos na alimentação, a mesma agitação, temperatura e pressão. Os resultados obtidos mostram que não há influência significativa do tamanho das partículas de catalisador sobre a velocidade inicial de reacção, pelo que as resistências internas à transferência de massa se podem considerar desprezáveis. Estudou-se também o efeito da variação da concentração dos substratos na alimentação sobre as velocidades iniciais de reacção. Observou-se que a partir de uma determinada concentração de decanol em excesso relativamente ao acetato de vinilo, a reacção é inibida pelo álcool. Pelo contrário, a reacção é favorecida quando a alimentação tem excesso de acetato de vinilo, havendo um aumento significativo da sua velocidade inicial. Estes resultados são consistentes com um mecanismo do tipo Ping-pong bi-bi com inibição competitiva por parte do álcool, comum na descrição de reacções enzimáticas de esterificação/transesterificação. Por último, fez-se uma comparação dos resultados obtidos em meio supercrítico (CO2) e em meio orgânico (hexano). Observou-se que as reacções em hexano apresentam uma velocidade inicial significativamente superior.
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With the current growth in consumption of industrialized products and the resulting increase in garbage production, their adequate disposal has become one of the greatest challenges of modern society. The use of industrial solid residues as fillers in composite materials is an idea that emerges aiming at investigating alternatives for reusing these residues, and, at the same time, developing materials with superior properties. In this work, the influence of the addition of sand, diatomite, and industrial residues of polyester and EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), on the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites, was studied. The main objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials with the addition of recycled residue fillers, and compare to those of the pure polyester resin. Composite specimens were fabricated and tested for the evaluation of the flexural properties and Charpy impact resistance. After the mechanical tests, the fracture surface of the specimens was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that some of the composites with fillers presented greater Young s modulus than the pure resin; in particular composites made with sand and diatomite, where the increase in modulus was about 168 %. The composites with polyester and EVA presented Young s modulus lower than the resin. Both strength and maximum strain were reduced when fillers were added. The impact resistance was reduced in all composites with fillers when compared to the pure resin, with the exception of the composites with EVA, where an increase of about 6 % was observed. Based on the mechanical tests, microscopy analyses and the compatibility of fillers with the polyester resin, the use of industrial solid residues in composites may be viable, considering that for each type of filler there will be a specific application
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC
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PURPOSE: To assess the acquisition of suture skills by training on ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model in novice medical students.METHODS: Sixteen medical students without previous surgery experience (novices) were randomly divided into two groups. During one hour group A trained sutures on ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) bench model with feedback of instructors, while group B (control) received a faculty-directed training based on books and instructional videos. All students underwent a both pre-and post-tests to perform two-and three-dimensional sutures on ox tongue. All recorded performances were evaluated by two blinded evaluators, using the Global Rating Scale.RESULTS: Although both groups have had a better performance (p<0.05) in the post-test when compared with the pre-test, the analysis of post-test showed that group A (EVA) had a better performance (p<0.05) when compared with group B (control).CONCLUSION: The ethylene vinyl acetate bench model allowed the novice students to acquire suture skills faster when compared to the traditional model of teaching.
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Antimony is a common catalyst in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate used for food-grade bottles manufacturing. However, antimony residues in final products are transferred to juices, soft drinks or water. The literature reports mentions of toxicity associated to antimony. In this work, a green, fast and direct method to quantify antimony, sulfur, iron and copper, in PET bottles by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is presented. 2.4 to 11 mg Sb kg-1 were found in 20 samples analyzed. The coupling of the multielemental technique to chemometric treatment provided also the possibility to classify PET samples between bottle-grade PET/recycled PET blends by Fe content.
Inibidor da ação do etileno na conservação pós-colheita de Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon
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The durability and postharvest quality of cut flowers are fundamental attributes in value along the production chain and in consumer satisfaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical inhibitors of ethylene action on maintaining the postharvest quality of chrysanthemum stems (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon). The experiment tested maintenance solutions with silver thiosulfate (STS) under five levels (distilled water, a 0.2 mM STS, the STS 0.2 mM + sucrose at 50 g L-1, STS at 0.4 mM; STS at 0.4 mM + sucrose at 50 g L-1), and date of sampling, for three levels (0, 3, 6 days). Three replications with two flower stems in each treatment were used in the experiment. Physical assessments were made: color, fresh mass and relative water content; chemical evaluations: reducing sugars and pigments, and qualitative assessments: turgidity, flower color, and number of buds, open flowers and partially open flowers. Treatment with 0.2 mM STS resulted in better maintenance of fresh mass of stems. The concentration of pigments and reducing sugar was higher in those treatments in which sucrose was associated. The color and relative water content were favored in treatments STS 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM. The concentration of 0.2 mM STS obtained the best results, prolonging the vase life the stems. The quality of these stems was higher, with the best assessments of water content, color and turgidity.
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Cellulose acetate polymeric membranes had been prepared by a procedure of two steps, combining the method of phase inversion and the technique of hydrolysis-deposition. The first step was the preparation of the membrane, and together was organomodified with tetraethylortosilicate and 3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane. Parameters that exert influence in the complexation of the metallic ion, as pH, time of complexation, metal concentration, had been studied in laboratory using tests of metal removal. The membranes had presented resistance mechanics and reactivity to cations, being able to be an alternative for the removal, daily pay-concentration or in the study of the lability of metals complexed.
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In repair works of reinforced concrete, patch repairs tend to crack in the interfacial zone between the mortar and the old concrete. This occurs basically due to the high degree of restriction that acts on a patch repair. For this reason, the technology of patch repair needs to be the subject of a discussion involving professionals who work with projects, construction maintenance and mix proportioning of repair mortars. In the present work, a study is presented on the benefits that the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and acrylate polymers can provide in the mix proportioning of a repair mortar with respect to compressive, tensile and direct-shear bond strength. The results indicated that the increase in bond strength and the reduction in the influence of the deficiency in Curing conditioning are the main contributions offered by the polymers studied here. (C) 2009 Elsevier, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. as latex or redispersable powder, is added to mortars and concrete to improve the fracture toughness, impermeability and bond strength to various substrates. The physical and chemical interactions were already proved after one day of hydration but during the first hour just the physical interaction was identified and some evidences of a chemical interaction. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the chemical interaction between EVA and Portland cement during the first hours of hydration in the thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed that the EVA hydrolyses in pH alkaline and consumes calcium ions from the solution, forming an organic salt (calcium acetate). reducing the calcium hydroxide content. And, its interaction occurred in the first 15 min of hydration. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.