1000 resultados para Estudos geográficos
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O objetivo geral do trabalho foi o de produzir reflexões/proposições teóricas que possam auxiliar os estudos geográficos da natureza, segundo o plano conceitual da complexidade sistêmica, gerando especulações científicas inovadoras e eficazes a respeito da complexidade das relações dos sistemas naturais. A Teoria Geral dos Sistemas (TGS) promoveu um tipo de reducionismo: a redução de tudo ao todo, e suscitou, por isso, várias críticas, inclusive no próprio seio dos pensadores sistêmicos, os quais propõem que os princípios da TGS superem qualquer tipo de reducionismo, seja pela supremacia das partes (pensamento mecanicista) ou do todo. O pensamento sistêmico, hoje se transforma e se recria nos e pelos paradigmas que ajudou a criar, adquirindo uma racionalidade mais complexa e dialógica, um suporte teórico com maior capacidade crítica, analítica/sintética e operacional. Essa auto-renovação projeta-o, mais uma vez, como o melhor instrumento teórico-metodológico para a compreensão científica da natureza macroscópica, principalmente dos sistemas naturais de ordem geográfica e ecológica/ambiental, tais como os sistemas atmosféricos/climáticos.
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Editor: 1887-194 J. Leita de Vasconcellos.
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As ilhas oceânicas são altamente vulneráveis à modificação ambiental. Por isso, os trabalhos de mapeamento de vegetação são de fundamental importância. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de realizar o estudo florístico e o mapeamento, a classificação e a descrição dos tipos de vegetação nas ilhas do Parque Nacional Marinho de Abrolhos (Santa Bárbara, Sueste, Siriba, Redonda e Guarita) em agosto, outubro e dezembro de 1995 e março e maio de 1996. O arquipélago se situa no sul da Bahia e devido às suas características estruturais e ao isolamento em relação ao continente oferece um grande potencial para estudos geográficos. Foram delimitadas as distribuições espaciais de sete formações vegetais encontradas (pós praia, pós rocha, encosta suave, encosta íngreme, topo ciperóide, topo herbácea, topo graminóide) usando como principais indicadores fisionomia, relevo e composição florística. Os tipos de vegetação foram classificados segundo características geográficas e estrutura da vegetação, sendo associados a 40 espécies identificadas.
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With process urbanization process the Brazilian cities have been goin through, Natal/RN does not differ from the other ones, it has had a fast, inordinate and planned urbanization, but not applied, it has caused a high increase of social environmental problems. One of the worrying problems observed is the change in the coastal landscape, which has caused serious damage to the city‟s population, more specifically, of Ponta Negra beach neighborhood. For the geographical studies, the issue, concerning the occupation of the beaches that has been getting higher and higher in the last decades is extremely important because these, in addition to being used as homes in the new urban configuration, have incorporated new ways of environmental interference, without a simultaneous advance of knowledge which would be necessary for a more suitable and rational use of litoral spaces. Thus, the current assignment aimed to focus the coastal landscape of Ponta Negra Beach, in the city of Natal/RN, checking and analyzing the effects caused by anthropic and natural action, and the way it reflects in the quality of life of the resident, working population and of the frequenters as well as the landscape transformations in the area which is object of study, from 1970 through 2010. The methodology used followed to stages, the first concerned the theoretical work bibliographic surveying and composition; and second one the empirical work marking of the environmental characterization and application of the questionnaires. So, we can measure that Ponta Negra, is very susceptible to environmental changes, the ones caused by the natural dynamics of the beach, as well as the human actions (society) in this really fragile and mutable space, so it needs, a more profound systematic study about the coastal landscape. In order to reach a minimization of the change of the landscapes in the coastal zones there must be an integrated management of the environments, based on the planning of actions and territorial reordination of the occupations of these so important spaces, environmentally, as well as socioeconomically. Whereas, only this way, we will have a sustentable development and a suitable use of that space
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The dynamics of the health services sector can be seen in studies of geographical features as analysis on the quantity and quality of médical and hospital services provided and the demand or need sensed by the population, whether the public sector, whether private sector within a defined portion of space, in analysis in this study, the Administrative Region of Barretos, State of São Paulo. This study seeks to better understand the dynamics of the health services sector (Public and Private) in the production of urban space of the Administrative Region of Barretos, for it will be reviewed, in particular, the Cities Health Centers, Bebedouro and Barretos. Also proposes through this, try to clarify the central regional Barretos and Bebedouro in the context of health services
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A Geografia brasileira ainda carece de sua história. Nos anos mais recentes, numerosos artigos têm aparecido, tentando recuperar essa falha, mas nota-se, ainda, a falta de um documento mais abrangente, que recupere os momentos fundamentais, os acertos e os erros, os avanços e as crises no progresso do conhecimento geográfico desenvolvido entre nós. E a lacuna se faz sentir, também, em termos de informações precisas sobre pesquisas, eventos, trabalhos publicados e teses defendidas, sem as quais não se pode reconstruir, de forma segura, a trajetória da Geografia brasileira. (DINIZ et al., 1987, p. 3)
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The organization and dynamics of the energetic-sugarcane sector in Brazil have suffered the impacts of the “deregulation” process that took place in the 1990s, since when it is no longer monitored by the State. In this scenario, the agribusiness enterprises, in order to survive, act over production, marketing and management of their activities, among others areas, demanding financial investments. The credit lines offered by BNDES (National Bank for Economic and Social Development) are one of the factors that enable the implementation of these actions. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the connections between BNDES's outlays for the sugarcane sector in Brazil from 2001 to 2008, and the activities of this sector, according to the federation unity and the region in the country. The work is based on: i) literature review and ii) secondary selected data collection aimed at the composition of data series. The organization and analysis of data indicates that the largest amount of money is destined to the south-central region, specifically the state of São Paulo. This is the only state that receives almost all types of financings, an equivalent to 68% of the receptions in the period. The concentration of BNDES's outlays in the south-central region may be linked to the dominance of the sector in this region, either in terms of harvested area, amount of production, employment contracts or number of enterprises.
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The aim of this work is to advance a new approach for estimating demographic density, through combining a Geographic Information System with GMDH Neural Networks. The model that is suggested parts the analyzed space into a rectangular grid formed by multiple cells measuring 0.01 km2 each. The forecasts are elaborated based on the demographic density in each cell and in its neighboring cells at a given time. Despite the limited availability of data during the modeling phase, the utilization of this method for studying a Brazilian medium-sized city presented promising results.
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Whilst shopping malls have been explored at length by critical urban studies, there has been little exploration of their role in restructuring the practice of urban and spatial planning. This article uses the shopping mall as an object of study in the light of the neoliberal trends and post-metropolisation in Southern Europe, with the aim of exploring challenges for urban governance and planning practice and with a focus on the role of the ongoing economic crisis. A threefold exploratory framework – the ‘lost-in-time scenario’, the ‘messianic mall model’ and the ‘(im)mature planning explanation’ – is used to make sense of the local versions of shopping mall development in Lisbon (Portugal) and Palermo (Southern Italy). According to findings, we highlight the clash between the multi-scalar nature of shopping malls and the dominance of the municipal scale in regulatory planning frameworks, and the risk that shopping mall development (at least in Southern Europe) may replicate uneven development patterns, reproducing the pre-conditions of the crisis without helping to overcome it.
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Ao assumir-se que as artes e os artistas parecem desempenhar um papel importante nas dinâmicas locais e na inovação sócio-territorial, coloca-se aqui uma questão crucial: o que dá M-o-N aos artistas e o que recebem estes em troca? O capítulo vai ao encontro das respostas que assentam numa investigação de campo aprofundada.