912 resultados para Esgotos rurais - Projetos e construção


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One of the biggest environmental problems of the population is the lack of sewage treatment, especially in rural communities and low-income. The development of technologies for efficient, low-cost sanitation need to be developed to meet the disadvantaged people of this basic service. This work was the implementation proposal of a technology called constructed wetlands, also known as Wastewater Treatment Plant for Roots Zone - ETEZR. The objective was to develop a non- formal environmental education proposal for redevelopment, using outreach methods for residents and deployment of this technology ETEZR in the rural community of Cologne Grebe in Sao Jose dos Pinhais - PR. With technical support from the Paranaense Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Institute -EMATER and the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, 5 ETEZR were deployed in the colony through three theoretical and practical workshops, which involved total 67 people from the community 5 technicians EMATER and 13 of the Municipal Town Hall. Após4 months of implementation were carried out two collections of raw wastewater and treated to analyze physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results evaluated by chemical parameters BOD, COD, phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen comparing raw and treated sewage, demonstrate that ETEZR are effective in the treatment of sewage. 5 Seasons minimum and maximum efficiency between the basic parameters analyzed were 52.2 to 95.5% for BOD; 47 to 94.5% for COD; 21.5 to 96% phosphorus; 30-98% for ammonia nitrogen. Oils and greases, and a series of solid also achieved a significant reduction in their values when comparing the raw sewage and treated sewage, and biological parameters evaluated by means of coliforms showed a reduction of 80 to 99%. With the implementation of environmental education process aimed sanitation was possible to evaluate the perception of the population to accept the environmental sanitation technology using the ETEZR, understand the needs and sanitation concepts for the community. This research evaluated the development of the methodology applied by the non-formal environmental education in order to provide subsidies for rural sanitation plan process for the municipality.

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O gerenciamento do tempo nos projetos de construção civil usualmente utiliza algoritmos determinísticos para o cálculo dos prazos de finalização e algoritmos PERT para avaliação da probabilidade de o mesmo terminar até uma determinada data. Os resultados calculados pelos algoritmos tradicionais possuem defasagens nos prazos se comparados aos encontrados na realidade o que vem fazendo com que a simulação venha se tornando uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada no gerenciamento de projetos. O objetivo da dissertação é estudar o problema dos prazos de finalização dos projetos desenvolvendo novas técnicas de cálculo que reflitam melhor os prazos encontrados na vida real. A partir disso é criada uma ferramenta prática de gerenciamento do tempo de atividades de projetos de construção enxuta baseada em planilha eletrônica onde serão utilizadas técnicas de simulação a eventos discretos, com base em distribuições de probabilidade como, por exemplo, a distribuição beta.

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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Este trabalho faz uma reflexão sobre a coordenação de projetos na indústria da construção de edifícios, identifica as etapas do processo de projeto, aponta a participação da equipe de projeto, durante as atividades de coordenação, apresenta a atuação do coordenador de projetos e sistematiza os procedimentos de controle e retroalimentação. Para desenvolver a pesquisa, foram realizados estudos bibliográficos sobre a Gestão e Coordenação de Projetos, no desenvolvimento do processo de projeto na construção civil. Também foram feitos estudos de campo, envolvendo 10 empresas de construção civil na área urbana da cidade de Belém-PA, com atuação nos mercados de incorporação e/ou construção de obras privadas ou públicas, visando propor diretrizes da gestão de projetos, integrada ao processo de desenvolvimento e coordenação dos mesmos. Como resultado, vimos que 100% das empresas pesquisadas afirmou que o planejamento técnico do projeto é dividido por etapas, conforme apresentação de fluxogramas distintos. 77,77% das empresas em questão respondeu que realiza a coordenação de projetos através de reuniões com as equipes responsáveis. Também 100% das empresas aponta como funções do coordenador de projetos a compatibilização entre os projetos e a manutenção do fluxo de informações entre os projetistas. Em 88,88% das empresas, foi possível observar que a retroalimentação do projeto acontece através do controle por meio de check list e planilhas. Por fim, são desenvolvidas e apresentadas diretrizes para aplicação da coordenação de projeto, como forma de melhorar o desempenho do desenvolvimento do processo de projeto e a execução dos edifícios, com a valorização do projeto e conseqüente economia de recursos, tempo e dinheiro, evitando erros, desperdício e trabalho nos empreendimentos.

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Descreve as características da indústria de construção civil e estuda a implantação do gerenciamento de projetos em pequenos e médios projetos de construção civil, comparando os benefícios e os custos. O sucesso da implantação é determinado usando-se um instrumento de medida chamado Perfil de Implantação do Projeto

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The purpose of this work is to analyze the knowledge relationships that articulate in projects of maintainable rural development construction for the paraiban semi-arid, analyzing the farmers daily practices and their relationship with the technological practices spread by ONGs. We took as empirical object the rural community of Lajedo de Timbaúba, municipal district of Soledade-PB, located in the very small region of paraiban Curimataú. It is a community where registers one of the first cases of maintainable rural development planning in the state of Paraíba. The analysis was centered on the farmers experiences of life in sustainability experience, trying to understand how they acquire new knowledge and how they interact with them. In methodological terms, it was considered feasible to place the knowledge interaction between the farmers and technicians from ONGs by placing the analysis according to Paulo Freire s questioning (2006): extension or communication? To understand the farmers daily practices, it was resorted to the theoretical contribution by Michel de Certeau (2008) in order to discern a microresistance movement of inversion/rejection/changing by the farmers in relation to their external knowledge. Just from the theoretical point of view and resorting to the imaginary social by Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), it was considered the way of living of the farmers researched, having as reference the experience in the material and symbolic production of their lives. It became indispensable, therefore, not to dissociate the knowledge relationships between farmers and technicians from ONGs from the sustainability concepts, maintainable rural development, and rural extension. The results of the study revealed that the farmers from Lajedo de Timbaúba while dealing with the technological practices proposed by ONGs that work in the community, express those practices from their daily logic, and they constitute them in survival strategies that are inserted in their own idiosyncrasy. It was verified, therefore, that the external knowledge presented by the proposals of sociability alternatives with the droughts in the perspective of maintainable development while placed in the farmers daily relationship, they are judged as advantageous or disadvantageous when they are confronted with their peculiar way of doing their daily work. The technological practices are incorporated, denied, or recreated starting from evaluative criteria related to the preservation of the soil and to the economical and social reproduction of the unit of production of family agriculture

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Projetos de construção são caracterizados pela escala, complexidade e seus riscos. Não é incomum encontrar planejamento e definição de escopo incompletos o que leva a aumento de custos e prazos. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever um método de avaliação de riscos de forma a aumentar a previsibilidade da estimativa de custos do empreendimento. Para isso foram utilizados conceitos de gerenciamento de projetos, de simulação e de analise de riscos descritos na literatura para a constituição de um método de análise de riscos em estimativa de custos. A aplicação do método proposto em comparação com o método tradicional traz vantagens no que diz respeito à abrangência da análise. Enquanto pelo método tradicional a análise do empreendimento se faz por meio de suas tarefas, o método proposto analisa de forma distinta o planejamento do empreendimento nas suas três dimensões fundamentais: escopo, prazo e custo.

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Projetos de construção são caracterizados pela escala, complexidade e seus riscos. Não é incomum encontrar planejamento e definição de escopo incompletos o que leva a aumento de custos e prazos. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever um método de avaliação de riscos de forma a aumentar a previsibilidade da estimativa de custos do empreendimento. Para isso foram utilizados conceitos de gerenciamento de projetos, de simulação e de analise de riscos descritos na literatura para a constituição de um método de análise de riscos em estimativa de custos. A aplicação do método proposto em comparação com o método tradicional traz vantagens no que diz respeito à abrangência da análise. Enquanto pelo método tradicional a análise do empreendimento se faz por meio de suas tarefas, o método proposto analisa de forma distinta o planejamento do empreendimento nas suas três dimensões fundamentais: escopo, prazo e custo.

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Rural Popular experiences, socially organized on the constructions of the dams at Espinharas River, Serra Negra do Norte, which have been investigated, have reached in positive results. Several institutions, such as the City and State Power, multilaterals, governmental and non-governmental financial organizations, commonly refer to the success of such experiences. What success are they referring to? Is it recognized by family rural workers? What about institutional parts, how do they evaluate such experience? Is there legal continuity on such association structure? What kinds of gains have there been with such experiences? Has the association structure become any stronger? In search for demystifying the process, it has been made a research on classic and contemporaneous authors, as well as the interview of ten institutional parts, and twenty rural parts involved on the process, as well as the analysis of thirty-eight of the associations. It was concluded that the applied social public policies had resulted in heterogeneous social-economical process that has fulfilled the first step of a planning (not yet documented, but know by some institutional parts which lead, and still lead such social initiative). In the coming years the associations are to have a great potential for development, with the dams, as well as other projects. This persistence and external support, when integrated may have great deeds come to reality

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Global Positioning System, or simply GPS, it is a radionavigation system developed by United States for military applications, but it becames very useful for civilian using. In the last decades Brazil has developed sounding rockets and today many projects to build micro and nanosatellites has appeared. This kind of vehicles named spacecrafts or high dynamic vehicles, can use GPS for its autonome location and trajectories controls. Despite of a huge number of GPS receivers available for civilian applications, they cannot used in high dynamic vehicles due environmental issues (vibrations, temperatures, etc.) or imposed dynamic working limits. Only a few nations have the technology to build GPS receivers for spacecrafts or high dynamic vehicles is available and they imposes rules who difficult the access to this receivers. This project intends to build a GPS receiver, to install them in a payload of a sounding rocket and data collecting to verify its correct operation when at the flight conditions. The inner software to this receiver was available in source code and it was tested in a software development platform named GPS Architect. Many organizations cooperated to support this project: AEB, UFRN, IAE, INPE e CLBI. After many phases: defining working conditions, choice and searching electronic, the making of the printed boards, assembling and assembling tests; the receiver was installed in a VS30 sounding rocket launched at Centro de Lançamento da Barreira do Inferno in Natal/RN. Despite of the fact the locations data from the receiver were collected only the first 70 seconds of flight, this data confirms the correct operation of the receiver by the comparison between its positioning data and the the trajectory data from CLBI s tracking radar named ADOUR

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Os biodigestores têm sido objetos de grande destaque devido a atual crise de energia e conseqüente busca de fontes alternativas. Outro fator que coloca os biodigestores em evidência é o intenso processo de modernização da agropecuária, que além da grande demanda de energia, produz um volume de resíduos animais e de culturas, que ocasiona muitas vezes problemas de ordem sanitária. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer uma ferramenta matemática para determinação de parâmetros para projetos de construção de biodigestores rurais, levando-se em consideração o atendimento de necessidades energéticas, obedecendo os dimensionamentos dos sistemas, fatores de rendimento e garantindo a funcionalidade. Para isto, foram formulados modelos de otimização não lineares, de fácil resolução, para os três principais tipos de biodigestores rurais. Com a resolução destes modelos são determinados a altura e o diâmetro que levem a um volume mínimo para cada tipo, com isto reduz-se a quantidade necessária de materiais de alvenaria e consequentemente o custo do biodigestor é diminuído.

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Customer focus , high competitiveness and striving for excellence in quality of service are some of the main features of the current market . Planned and make decisions with greater certainty is no longer an option a few years . The current managers are seeking ways to eliminate waste and increase financial and productive profitability of your company in order to achieve higher performance at a lower cost . The AHP is one of the main concepts of this goal by providing an analysis on multiple criteria , enhancing decision-making and enhancing the gains , with a technique that is designed to take into account all the key criteria for choosing an alternative , according to the perspective of the designer as both suppliers and customers . Emerging as a new way to minimize errors , and make an informed and consistent decision. The use of this method in construction projects is a recent phenomenon , which has much to be explored , an intense analysis of the processes is required to enable it to consider the concepts and present a consistent and grounded proposal

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This work intends to know the most types of ignition systems, studying its history, the way it works, applications and some examples. The assembly of a distributor less ignition system is also required. All vehicles powered by internal combustion engines need an ignition system that allows this engine to ignite the air-fuel mixture using its ignition system in the best possible manner. The main goal of an ignition system is to obtain a spark having enough energy to start the chemical reaction of the oxygen and the fuel. It took a study dealing with the various types of ignition systems since their creation at the beginning of the last century until 2015. The work starts studying the high tension magneto ignition system and later together with the low tension ignition system, going on with the conventional ignition system and finally accomplishing with the various types of electronic ignition systems. It was studied and implemented an electronic circuit to power a double spark ignition system also known as wasted spark ignition system. This circuit was assembled with an electric pulse generator and powered mechanically by a dc electric motor of the variable rpm type

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This work intends to know the most types of ignition systems, studying its history, the way it works, applications and some examples. The assembly of a distributor less ignition system is also required. All vehicles powered by internal combustion engines need an ignition system that allows this engine to ignite the air-fuel mixture using its ignition system in the best possible manner. The main goal of an ignition system is to obtain a spark having enough energy to start the chemical reaction of the oxygen and the fuel. It took a study dealing with the various types of ignition systems since their creation at the beginning of the last century until 2015. The work starts studying the high tension magneto ignition system and later together with the low tension ignition system, going on with the conventional ignition system and finally accomplishing with the various types of electronic ignition systems. It was studied and implemented an electronic circuit to power a double spark ignition system also known as wasted spark ignition system. This circuit was assembled with an electric pulse generator and powered mechanically by a dc electric motor of the variable rpm type