974 resultados para Escolas rurais - Maranhão - 1967-1974


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Centrado no contexto político e sócio-econô mico do Estado do Maranhão, o presente trabalho trata da atuação da escola "Jo~o-de-Barro", como proposta oficial de educação para o meio rural, no período 1967/1974. Conce bida como alternativa de solução para os problemas educa cionais, a escola "Jo~o-de-Barro" surgiu num momento de mudanças político-ideológicas e econômicas, propondo in serir o homem no processo de desenvolvimento planejado e determinado pelo Estado.

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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História, Especialidade de História Contemporânea

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The eight-year record of mass balance of Peyto Glacier is correlated to meteorological data measured near the glacier and at Lake Louise 30 km to the south. The period investigated includes the llighest and lowest accumulations for the past 40 years. The primar'y controls of net annual balance are seen to be the depth of the 'winter sno,y pack and the temperature record during the summer. Extensive summer snowfalls in the ablation area can slow down melt rates very considerably and affect the net annual balance positively. The variable nature of winter accumulation and its influence on snowline retreat and ice melt is illustrated by three years' data.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES)

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O objetivo principal desta investigação é evidenciar uma possibilidade metodológica, de caráter didático-pedagógico, tendo por base a Epistemologia Genética, que possa atender às necessidades de inclusão digital de comunidades educacionais rurais. A pesquisa foi feita presencialmente e virtualmente, através do curso de extensão Oficinas Virtuais de Aprendizagem, para o qual foi usado o ROODA  Rede Cooperativa de Aprendizagem  como ambiente virtual de apoio. Fizeram parte da pesquisa, alunos e professores de duas escolas rurais de Ensino Fundamental do município de Candelária - RS. A coleta de dados foi feita através de questionário, conversa informal, ficha de observação, bem como foram considerados, para análise, os registros e interações feitos no ambiente virtual e o produto das atividades desenvolvidas durante o curso. Desta intervenção, é possível concluir que a metodologia didático-pedagógica Oficinas Virtuais de Aprendizagem permite promover a inclusão digital docente e discente. Este processo ocorre paralelo à gênese de um novo modelo de escola, cujo tempo e o espaço pedagógico estejam de acordo com as possibilidades da tecnologia digital. A concepção teórica deste modelo está focada na perspectiva de quem aprende.

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This work aims at developing an evaluation of the implementation of the Program Escola Ativa as a public policy for rural schools with combined grade classrooms in Jardim do Seridó RN (1998 2009) focusing on the following dimensions: school s physical environment, training, follow up, and didactic usage of the methodology. In order to develop this research we refer to the literature that analyzes the cycle of policies (FREY, 2000). In this approach, evaluation represents an important step in the process of analyzing the implementation of public policies, as a way of measuring up their performance, as well as a guide for realignments and redefinitions (PRESSMAN; WILDAVSKY, 1998). In order to accomplish this function, the evaluator of policies must be acquainted with scientific concepts and methods that consist of describing, interpreting and analyzing the policies in the governmental sphere (MENY; THOENIG, 1992; LIMA JÚNIOR, 1978). In this perspective, we intend to investigate whether in its proposition of minimizing the blanks in the Brazilian educational system, the implementation of the Program would be contributing to the improvement of the political-pedagogical practices in the rural schools with combined grade classrooms in Jardim do Seridó RN. In order to do this research, we have developed a theoretical-methodological matrix made of analysis dimensions, variables, indicators and instruments, such as literary revision, documental analysis, semi-structured interviews with four teachers and three supervisors that work and/or have worked in Escola Ativa in that town in the period comprised among 1998 2009, besides notes taken from field observation and photographs from four rural schools with combined grade classrooms. With this research we have identified that the Program, at a national level, has gone through different phases in its implementation process, for the town was not ready to fully take the responsibilities of the autonomous expansion, in 2002. From that period on, the execution of Escola Ativa has suffered several discontinuities, such as the lack of professional training and supervising. It is also noted that the methodology contributes to the dynamization of the didactic-pedagogical activities and promotes the cooperation and autonomy of the students in the organization and the applicability of the components of the curriculum, especially of Governo Estudantil and Cantinhos de Aprendizagem. Although the directions of the Program (BRASIL, 2005) point out that Escola Ativa has among its principles social transformation, we identified that, isolated, the initiative is not capable of promoting the changes that the rural schools need, namely investments in the physical, material, pedagogical and technological infra-structure, besides the estimation and a career plan for the teachers. In a general draft of the results of this research, we realized that some aspects presented about the peculiarities of Escola Ativa in Jardim do Seridó as a governmental Program, reinforce the need for the public policies to be evaluated, in order to confront critic and operationally the planning with the practice, revising action, whenever necessary

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este texto tem o propósito de apresentar uma análise sócio-econômica e ecológica das transformações históricas que afetam as unidades econômicas camponesas no Estado do Maranhão. Os dados oficiais disponíveis permitem inferir a existência de uma crise ecológica que ameaça a sustentabilidade das mesmas. A reversão desse processo requer o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que qualifiquem o conjunto dos problemas existentes e desenhem uma matriz de indicadores de sustentabilidade para viabilizar a reestruturação tecnológica dessas unidades produtivas. Neste sentido, esta reflexão, parte de uma pesquisa em andamento, tem a pretensão de subsidiar a intervenção dos atores sociais e das instituições governamentais envolvidas no processo da reforma agrária no Brasil.

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Considering the situation of neglect existing in Brazilian public education and, specially, in the process of rural schooling, this dissertation aims to analyze the process of implementation of the Operational Guidelines for Basic Education in Rural Schools (DOEBEC), regulatory framework of the national policy of rural education. On it, we analyze the conditions of teaching work in rural schools of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in 2010. The sample of the survey has as reference the representativeness of the chosen universe in relation to the totality of rural schools belonging to the state of RN. To answer the goals of the research, we opted to present a critical analysis of the following points: 1) Implementation of the DOEBEC; 2) Conditions of teaching work and teaching training. The points or categories of research were chosen based in the determinations of the DOEBEC (Resolution CNE/CEB n. 01/2002). For the data collection in the referred schools, we opted for the realization of interviews with the teachers and managers of these teaching establishments, in 2010. It was also utilized, for the characterization of school attendance in rural schools of RN, in 2010, official statistical data available by the State Secretary of Education and Culture (SEEC/RN). The analysis of the statistical data and of the primary data collected in field research indicated that the conditions of teaching work are still an obstacle to the development of the educative work of the teacher in rural areas. According to interviews with the participants of the research, we realized that the DOEBEC, despite being sanctioned in 2002, were still dimly known and discussed by the interviewees of the referred schools in 2010. Thus, we propose that the implementation of the policy of rural education in RN, instituted by DOEBEC’s legal landmark, and reaffirmed by the Rio Grande do Norte’s Charter to Rural Education (Brazil, 2005), is rethought and reconsidered, in the sense of ensuring that the changes proposed in this legal text, inherent to the school functioning, to the conditions of teaching work, to the rural schools’ management, to the remuneration and valorization of teaching work, to the teaching training, to the conditions of school transport, among others, be turned into concrete actions to improve the quality of education offered in the rural schools of RN state.

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Considering the situation of neglect existing in Brazilian public education and, specially, in the process of rural schooling, this dissertation aims to analyze the process of implementation of the Operational Guidelines for Basic Education in Rural Schools (DOEBEC), regulatory framework of the national policy of rural education. On it, we analyze the conditions of teaching work in rural schools of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in 2010. The sample of the survey has as reference the representativeness of the chosen universe in relation to the totality of rural schools belonging to the state of RN. To answer the goals of the research, we opted to present a critical analysis of the following points: 1) Implementation of the DOEBEC; 2) Conditions of teaching work and teaching training. The points or categories of research were chosen based in the determinations of the DOEBEC (Resolution CNE/CEB n. 01/2002). For the data collection in the referred schools, we opted for the realization of interviews with the teachers and managers of these teaching establishments, in 2010. It was also utilized, for the characterization of school attendance in rural schools of RN, in 2010, official statistical data available by the State Secretary of Education and Culture (SEEC/RN). The analysis of the statistical data and of the primary data collected in field research indicated that the conditions of teaching work are still an obstacle to the development of the educative work of the teacher in rural areas. According to interviews with the participants of the research, we realized that the DOEBEC, despite being sanctioned in 2002, were still dimly known and discussed by the interviewees of the referred schools in 2010. Thus, we propose that the implementation of the policy of rural education in RN, instituted by DOEBEC’s legal landmark, and reaffirmed by the Rio Grande do Norte’s Charter to Rural Education (Brazil, 2005), is rethought and reconsidered, in the sense of ensuring that the changes proposed in this legal text, inherent to the school functioning, to the conditions of teaching work, to the rural schools’ management, to the remuneration and valorization of teaching work, to the teaching training, to the conditions of school transport, among others, be turned into concrete actions to improve the quality of education offered in the rural schools of RN state.

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This work is part of the Graduate Program in Regional Development of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco campus, the research line Education and Development. The line of research concerns the Regionality and Development. In this study, investigate sought the implementation of the Field Education Curriculum Guidelines in the State of Paraná, whose locus, SEED / PR, the NRE / Pato Branco and Field Schools belonging to the NRE. The theme is to respond to the research problem, to identify the limits and challenges of the implementation process of Rural Education in rural schools in the Regional Center of Pato Branco Education. Exploratory research covers a time frame comprising the years 2002-2014 in order to identify and analyze the documents and perceptions of the subjects that guide the implementation of the field of education in the state of Paraná. The results show that the education field has not yet overcame the challenge of implementing public policies, in particular the field of Education Curriculum Guidelines. In general, the texts point to the concerned school education with the urban environment, in an attempt to solve the problems related to truancy, low school enrollment,flunk, among others. The reality of the field displays more serious such problems, however, is visible the development of proposals in an attempt to achieve definitive solutions to the issues of the field. However, a positive factor is the increase in continuing education courses, some offered by the Department of Education Field Regional Center of Education, others initiatives by the own teacher, which demonstrate the concern in improving their teaching practices, concomitant with need to change the identity of the field school. In this sense, we seek to deepen the discussion in order to demystify the idea that the subject field to be synonymous with poor education, poor quality. Documents such as the Field Operational Guidelines established by the CNE - National Education Council in 2002, the Curriculum Guidelines field developed by SEED - Secretary of State and Education in the State of Paraná in 2004 and established as a public policy in 2010 provide data that allow make a study of public policy and educational field context in order to understand the challenges for the development of an education as culture, ways of life, history, finally, the specificities of the subject field.

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We report an extended x-ray absorption fine-structure investigation on the Mn K absorption edge in La1-xCaxMnO3 as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The results provide microscopic evidence that the modifications in the local structure around Mn atomic sites, as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field, are directly related to the magneto-transport properties of these materials.

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A presente Tese traz um estudo da produção da Educação do Campo, no Brasil, com foco na análise das referências históricas produzidas pelos Movimentos Sociais Populares (MSP) e o processo de sua institucionalização, nas tensas relações entre os Movimentos Sociais e o Estado. Parte da constituição do campesinato como sujeito histórico-político nos embates do espaço do campo brasileiro desde a Primeira República e das referências do projeto educativo dos MSP (1979-1997), aprofundando-se na discussão do processo ao longo do qual a Educação do Campo se produz como um projeto histórico de educação e de escola (1998-2012). A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, contempla um estudo bibliográfico, documental e de campo, tendo por principais referências autores como Edward Palmer Thompson, Antonio Gramsci e Florestan Fernandes, cujas formulações trazem relevantes contribuições para a compreensão dos processos de mudança com base na constituição histórica dos sujeitos coletivos neles atuantes e nas correlações de força presentes em cada contexto. A Tese tem por base a compreensão de que a constituição do campesinato brasileiro configura-se por projetos em disputa que, contraditoriamente, produzem diferentes formas de consciência e organização dos trabalhadores do campo como grupo histórico-político, resultando na consolidação de Movimentos Sociais Populares do Campo (MSPdoC) que em luta possibilitam aos camponeses reconhecer-se como sujeitos de direitos. Essas movimentações antagonizam com as concepções e práticas de educação e de escola rural, criando sustentações a um projeto educativo dos sujeitos do campo. Tal dinamismo histórico materializa-se em referências formativo-educativas (1979-1997) que funcionam como ancoradouros na produção da Educação do Campo (1998-2012), no bojo de um projeto de desenvolvimento do campo do qual faz parte, desde o qual, contraditoriamente, se disputam políticas públicas buscando ampliar espaços no Estado. Formula-se uma legislação com potencial para instituir uma escola de novo tipo no campo que, por assumir dimensões das referências históricas, produz descentramentos em relação à escola convencional. Organizado em quatro capítulos, o estudo aborda as forças sociopolítico-econômicas e os projetos em disputa na produção do campesinato; as referências e o projeto educativo dos MSPdoC; as relações entre os Movimentos Sociais, o Estado, a educação e a escola do campo; e as tensas e fecundas relações entre as ações orientadas pela experiência histórica dos MSP e as novas questões postas pelo processo de institucionalização da Educação do Campo. Nas considerações finais, reconhecem-se as potências e as contradições da Educação do Campo, dentre elas as que se configuram na perspectiva da institucionalização, que pode tanto cristalizar uma forma escolar sem a potência das referências históricas tecidas pelos MSPdoC quanto produzir ancoradouros políticos e institucionais às Escolas Públicas do Campo. Esses novos alcances dependerão da materialidade de seu enraizamento na luta social de projetos antagônicos e em disputa na atualidade, como os projetos de desenvolvimento socioeconômico-cultural da agricultura familiar-camponesa ou do agronegócio e capacidade de manter-se o movimento desde o qual, os sujeitos políticos se fazem e produzem novos alcances ao projeto histórico