Hidrocarbonetos alifáticos em sedimentos de fundo do estuário do Rio Potengi, grande Natal (RN): implicações ambientais

The Potengi river estuary is located in the region of Natal (RN, Brazil), comprising a population of approximately 1,000,000 inhabitants. Besides the dominant urban presence, the estuary has fragments of mangrove forest. The objective of this study is to determine the aliphatic hydrocarbons found in the bottom sediments of this estuary, identifying their levels, distribution and their possible origins through the diagnostic rates, indexes and results comparisons with the local anthropic and natural characteristics. The samples were obtained according to a plan that allowed sampling of the estuary up to 12 km upstream from it as mounth. 36 stations were selected, grouped into 12 cross sections through the course of the river and spaced on average by 1 km. Each section consisted of three stations: the right margin, the deepest point and the left margin. The hydrocarbon n-alkanes from C10 to C36, the isoprenoids pristane and phytane, the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and the total resolved hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography. N-alkanes, pristane, phytane and UCM were detected only at some stations. In the other, the concentration was below the detection limit defined by the analytical method (0.1 mg / kg), preventing them from being analyzed to determine the origin of the material found. By using different parameters, the results show that the estuary receives both the input of petrogenic hydrocarbons, but also of biogenic hydrocarbons, featuring a mixture of sources and relatively impacted portions. Based on the characteristics and activities found in the region, it is possible to affirm that petrogenic sources related to oil products enter the estuary via urban runoff or boats traffic, boat washing and fueling. Turning to the biogenic source, the predominant origin was terrestrial, characterized by vascular plants, indicating contribution of mangrove vegetation. It was evident the presence of, at specific points in the estuary, hydrocarbon pollution, and, therefore is recommended the adoption of actions aimed at interrupting or, at least, mitigating the sources potentially capable of damp petrogenic hydrocarbons in the estuary studied.

Influência da urbanização na vazão máxima da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da cachoeirinha, Lençóis Paulista, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da influência do substrato utilizado na qualidade e quantidade das parcelas de água escoada, percolada e armazenada em três estruturas experimentais de telhado verde extensino

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hidrocarbonetos alifáticos em sedimentos de fundo do estuário do Rio Potengi, grande Natal (RN): implicações ambientais

The Potengi river estuary is located in the region of Natal (RN, Brazil), comprising a population of approximately 1,000,000 inhabitants. Besides the dominant urban presence, the estuary has fragments of mangrove forest. The objective of this study is to determine the aliphatic hydrocarbons found in the bottom sediments of this estuary, identifying their levels, distribution and their possible origins through the diagnostic rates, indexes and results comparisons with the local anthropic and natural characteristics. The samples were obtained according to a plan that allowed sampling of the estuary up to 12 km upstream from it as mounth. 36 stations were selected, grouped into 12 cross sections through the course of the river and spaced on average by 1 km. Each section consisted of three stations: the right margin, the deepest point and the left margin. The hydrocarbon n-alkanes from C10 to C36, the isoprenoids pristane and phytane, the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and the total resolved hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography. N-alkanes, pristane, phytane and UCM were detected only at some stations. In the other, the concentration was below the detection limit defined by the analytical method (0.1 mg / kg), preventing them from being analyzed to determine the origin of the material found. By using different parameters, the results show that the estuary receives both the input of petrogenic hydrocarbons, but also of biogenic hydrocarbons, featuring a mixture of sources and relatively impacted portions. Based on the characteristics and activities found in the region, it is possible to affirm that petrogenic sources related to oil products enter the estuary via urban runoff or boats traffic, boat washing and fueling. Turning to the biogenic source, the predominant origin was terrestrial, characterized by vascular plants, indicating contribution of mangrove vegetation. It was evident the presence of, at specific points in the estuary, hydrocarbon pollution, and, therefore is recommended the adoption of actions aimed at interrupting or, at least, mitigating the sources potentially capable of damp petrogenic hydrocarbons in the estuary studied.

Estudo experimental de trincheiras de infiltração no controle da geração do escoamento superficial

A crescente urbanização observada nas últimas décadas tem sido acompanhada por problemas relacionados a quase todos aspectos da infra-estrutura urbana. No que se refere à drenagem pluvial, a situação não é diferente. A impermeabilização gerada pelo processo de urbanização faz com que os hidrogramas se tornem progressivamente mais críticos, com maiores volumes escoados, maiores vazões de pico e menores tempos de escoamento. Agravando esta situação, o sistema tradicional de drenagem, baseado na máxima “pegar e largar depressa”, busca a eliminação da água, o mais rápido possível, através de galerias, condutos enterrados e canalizações, significando, muitas vezes, a simples transferência da cheia para as seções de jusante. A solução clássica para o problema das cheias baseiase na ampliação do sistema e/ou aumento da eficiência das redes, com custos geralmente elevados. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental efetuado em trincheiras de infiltração, dentro de uma filosofia compensatória dos efeitos da urbanização. Esses dispositivos se inserem dentro de um conceito ambiental da drenagem urbana, onde se busca não mais a eliminação da água o mais rapidamente possível, mas sua valorização dentro do espaço urbano, através de dispositivos bem integrados e, preferencialmente, multifuncionais. Duas trincheiras de infiltração foram instaladas e monitoradas em uma área do IPH-UFRGS. A implantação das trincheiras baseou-se na adaptação, para as condições brasileiras, de técnicas descritas na literatura, principalmente no que se refere aos métodos construtivos e materiais utilizados, assim como aos métodos e critérios de utilização e dimensionamento. Durante o período de monitoramento e análise de dados, foram avaliados e discutidos aspectos relacionados a: condições de funcionamento, tais como magnitude do evento pluviométrico e condições antecedentes de umidade do solo; eficiência dos dispositivos; ocorrência de escoamento preferencial; custos; limitações de aplicação. Aspectos relacionados ao funcionamento do dispositivo ao longo do período de monitoramento são também discutidos, buscando avaliar seu desempenho a longo prazo, apesar do curto período de observação. Adicionalmente, um modelo numérico de simulação do funcionamento quantitativo de dispositivos de infiltração foi testado (modelo de Bouwer), sendo sugeridas modificações para torná-lo mais abrangente. As duas trincheiras mostraram-se eficientes, controlando 100% do volume escoado, mesmo para eventos de período de retorno superiores aos de projeto. Verificou-se que a metodologia de projeto gera super-dimensionamento das estruturas e que as condições iniciais de umidade do solo e as características dos eventos são fatores determinantes para seu funcionamento. Durante os 33 meses de observação da trincheira I e os 6 meses da trincheira II, não houve alterações significativas do funcionamento. Os eventos monitorados na trincheira I indicam a ocorrência de escoamento preferencial. Um ensaio destrutivo reforçou esta hipótese, além de mostrar acentuado grau de colmatação da primeira camada, em função do excessivo aporte de material em suspensão. Recomendações para utilização deste tipo de solução são apresentadas, visando estimular seu uso.

Vicus Judæorum: os judeus e o espaço urbano no Recife neerlandês

This work broaches the participation of the Jewish community in the urban expansion of Recife, Brazil, during the Dutch period (1630-1654). With the arrival of the Dutch, the village of Olinda, former capital of Pernambuco, was destroyed and Recife received the juridical statute of city (stad), becoming the capital of Dutch Brazil or New Holland. It became the main West Indians Company s entrepot in South Atlantic, serving as naval base, port of call for ships, and point of export of the sugar production of Pernambuco, and import of European goods and African slaves. In order to such administrative, military and economic functions be carried out, the sand isthmus where Recife used to stay, and the fluvial island of Antônio Vaz, received improvements of many sort. The Dutch hydraulic technology was put in practice, with a posture of opposition between civilization and nature. Among military works and production of urban equipments, the rivers shores were land-filled, canals were built, bridges were lifted, and hundreds of buildings were erected. The civil Dutch population of Recife engaged in the process of production of physical space, which brought a sense of collective action towards the formation of the urban, or burgher, community. From the physical to the social space, there was an effort towards Dutch cultural standards in the urban environment. The Zur Israel Jewish community, formed by private civilians, it is, nonemployees of the WIC, engaged in those processes. It produced physical space through the land-filling and improvement of non healthy areas, and was also responsible for the construction of a significant section of the town s buildings and some of urban equipments, such as stores, markets and slave-warehouses, making more dynamic their economical activities. But their social traffic was due to the adaptation of their behavior to the standards of Dutch sociability. Thus, the community body made itself part of the social body. Disposing of internal selfregulation, it produced spaces with their cultural references cemetery, synagogue, texts enjoying benefits of the government. Zur Israel inscribed itself in the universal history of the Jews as the first community of Americas, and had a fundamental part on the emancipation of Jews within Western society

Planejamento urbano sustentável: diretrizes de urbanização embasadas nas características geomorfológicas/pedológicas de vertentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O processo de voçorocamento no perímetro urbano de Rancharia-SP: sua dinâmica e as propostas de recuperação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Implicações geomorfológicas das alterações do escoamento superficial pela urbanização: análise dos processos erosivos na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Tucunzinho (São Pedro - SP)

This paper presents an evaluation of the geomorphological implications of urban runoff on the evolution of linear erosion processes in peri-urban areas. The Tucunzinho watershed (São Pedro/SP) case was chosen because it presents linear erosive forms in which the dynamic is associated with urban expansion into fragile areas and implantation of inadequate dissipation devices. The method proposed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) was adopted to obtain the Curve Number (CN) and runoff hydrographs of different sectors of the basin. The coverage classification (use and occupancy) was based on analysis of aerial photographs of two periods (1962 and 2006, updated in the field in 2011). The IPHS1 model was used for the simulation and analysis of the hydrological behavior for both the pre-urban occupation and the current occupation. The hydrogeomorphological analysis helped understand the influence of the urban run-off on the erosion dynamics, clearly showing the ineffectiveness of dissipation energy devices in the area, which has a natural susceptibility to erosion due to litho-soil characteristics.

Crescimento urbano e seus impactos no sistema de drenagem de uma bacia em Natal/RN

The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

Crescimento urbano e seus impactos no sistema de drenagem de uma bacia em Natal/RN

The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.

Mensuração de perdas de sedimentos por escoamento superficial em encostas, com uso de parcelas de erosão, em diferentes usos e coberturas do solo no Bioma Cerrado : Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Gama/DF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2015.

Prevalencia de Coccidiosis en lechones de patio de el casco urbano de Siguate-Olancho, Honduras

La Coccidiosis neonatal es una de las enfermedades producidas por protozoarios, cuyo agente causal en la especie porcina es la Isospora Suis. Se caracteriza por una invasión aguda al intestino delgado, con frecuencia atacando animales jóvenes, produciendo destrucción de los enterositos y la consiguiente diarrea blanca amarillenta cremosa en los lechones. En Honduras la aldea de Siguate se desconoce el impacto por Coccidiosis. Lo cual motivo a la realización de este trabajo que tiene por titulo: “PREVALENCIA DE COCCIDIOSIS EN LECHONES DE PATIO EN EL CASCO URBANO DE SIGUATE-OLANCHO, HONDURAS”, este estudio se realizo en la aldea de Siguate, municipio de Catacamas departamento de Olancho a 264 kilómetros sur este de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa Francisco Morazán, Honduras C.A., con una población de 71 mil habitantes y ubicado a 14ª 56” y 14ª 23” latitud norte y 86ª 19” longitud oeste, a una altura de 350msnm, presenta una temperatura promedio de 25ªc, con una humedad relativa de 67.66%, precipitación pluvial promedio anual de 1311.25, siendo el objetivo principal, Realizar un diagnostico parasitologico en las especie porcina através de la técnica de flotación, así como, también determinar la prevalencia en porcinos de patio en el casco urbano e identificar el comportamiento de la enfermedad en los porcinos de Siguate-Olancho, Honduras. Para lo cual se elaboraron formatos específicos para obtener datos generales de los lechones, se seleccionó una muestra de 171 lechones, elegidos solamente los que presentaban diarreas, a cada lechón se le realizo valoración clínica, se efectúo encuesta para valorar el historial de esta patología en el área de estudio, concluyendo con una muestra de heces diarreicas para ser analizadas posteriormente obteniendo los siguiente resultados. Que la Coccidiosis en lechones en el casco urbano de Siguate se presento mayormente en lechones menores de un mes con una prevalencia del 65%, que la enfermedad suele ser mortal cuando se presentaba con otras patologías ,como rotavirus, y en muchos casos se determinaron lechones positivos a Coccidiosis también resultaban positivos a rotavirus. No obviando que los cerdos que permanecían en hacinamiento y con prácticas de destete precoz, presentaron mayor numero de casos positivos de diarreas ocasionadas por Coccidiosis. En vista de ello se recomienda que la higiene y el control sanitario debe de ser integral (Limpieza química y limpieza mecánica), por lo que es saludable que residuos de alimentos (maschigue) sean revisados antes de su entrega y levantados los desperdicios al terminar para evitar la presencia de moscas. Aunque es de vital importancia para la producción de alimentos sano, confiable y seguro al consumo humano que tome control el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería y desarrolle capacitaciones sobre la seguridad alimenticia para la comunidad de Siguate Honduras.

La ciudad y el paradigma de comunión : un elogio de lo urbano

Este artículo trata de ofrecer una mirada positiva de la ciudad, soslayando su aspecto sombrío, bastante difundido por distintos medios. Está fundado en la conjetura de que si hay un nuevo paradigma de comunión emergente, entonces no se puede soslayar en su constitución a la ciudad de hoy configurada en vastas regiones metropolitanas, en ciudades globales y en un planeta Tierra que es todo él ciudad, aunque haya, por supuesto, regiones que funcionan como campo y naturaleza, pero administradas y gestionadas desde las ciudades. Además, indaga en el carácter propio de la ciudad como un nudo dinámico de vínculos. Estos vínculos son una síntesis constante de materia, energía, información, comunicación y comunión de manera tal que, en el metabolismo urbano, hay un mundo natural que está siempre transformándose. Luego de apreciar la relación sociedad-naturaleza, considero la dimensión más filosófica del habitar para concluir en la apreciación de la ciudad como sacramento.

Evaluación de la comercialización de productos agropecuarios en el casco urbano del municipio de Camoapa, Boaco

El presente trabajo se realizó en el municipio de Camoapa, departamento de Boaco. El trabajo consistió en aplicar una encuesta a dueños de pulperías, mini pulperías, distribuidoras, ventas de granos básicos y carnicerías. La muestra evaluada fue de 66 establecimientos. Las variables evaluadas fueron formas de comercialización, características económicas, calidad de los productos y problemas de comercialización. Estas se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva a través de los parámetros: media, desviación estándar, varianza de la muestra, rango, máximo y mínimo, distribución de frecuencias y porcentajes o frecuencias relativas. Una vez obtenida la información y teniendo como referencia los análisis FODA de las comisiones de producción y de defensa del consumidor del municipio de se procedió a determinar posibles alternativas que contribuyan a disminuir fas debilidades. y amenazas determinadas. Los resultados indican que los productos comercializados provienen de otros departamentos, de municipios aledaños a Camoapa, de industrias nacionales. Los productos que provienen principalmente del municipio son: el frijol, los huevos, la leche y en menor escala las hortalizas (chiltoma y tomate). En cuanto a los precios de compra - venta de los productos agropecuarios comercializados son inferiores a los reportados por el SIPM (Servicio de Información de Precios y Mercados) en las mismas fechas en que se realizó el presente estudio. Los problemas de calidad identificados fueron: tamaño variado con mayor presencia de frutos pequeños y deformados con danos visibles y en malas condiciones de almacenamiento y falta de valor agregado. Contrario a esto, los productos pecuarios poseen buena presentación de empaque: etiquetado, registro sanitario, normas de calidad e higiene, código de barra y son productos de exportación. Los problemas de comercialización obedecen a las siguientes razones: no hay canales seguros de comercialización, desconocimiento de los productores sobre precios, falta de mercado en donde vender sus productos y la poca diversificación de la producción. Las estrategias definidas se refieren a los siguientes aspectos: diversificación productiva, divulgación de precios de los productos provenientes del municipio, la organización de productores, implementación de industrias transformadoras de materia prima, concientizar a la población de los grandes valores nutricionales de frutas y hortalizas para la salud del ser humano, organizar ferias,mecanismo de control permanente de calidad durante el procesamiento de la carne en el rastro municipal, validar sistemas sostenibles de producción establecidos en regiones con las mismas condiciones del municipio para demostrar al productor la viabilidad de estos en comparación con los usados por ellos, creación de centros de acopio y comercialización de productos agropecuarios que reduzcan la cadena de intermediarios, alianzas estratégicas, certificación fitosanitaria y dotación de patentes de productos agropecuarios, acondicionamiento adecuado del mercado municipal de abastos, incentivar a los productores para que aumenten los volúmenes y calidad de producción (asistencia técnica accesible económicamente y subsidios). crear organizaciones de mujeres para capacitarlas en agroindustria artesanal, crear mecanismos de seguimiento al proceso de producción, crear organizaciones de productores de hortalizas que permitan gestionar la adquisición de medios de transporte exclusivos para fines de comercialización, capacitar a las familias rurales para fomentar el desarrollo de la agroindustria artesanal y de esa manera contribuir a mejorar la comercialización.