Ergonomia de quadras urbanas: condição térmica do pedestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comportamento do pedestre e ambiente térmico urbano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Design para a permanência e atratividade em nichos de espaços abertos de convívio: DePAN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Simulação do conforto térmico do pedestre no ambiente urbano

This paper presents a pilot study carried out for an urban ergonomic investigation, considering the pedestrian point of view in relation to the thermal comfort. Therefore, a thermal evaluation of an urban fraction is performed, by applying simulations in the ENVI-met model, associated with the application of the BOTworld software.

Aplicação de um método ergonômico para avaliação da permanência e atratividade em espaço público aberto: estudo de caso Parque Vitória Régia, Bauru - SP

There are several researches on evaluation of urban public space, but not all establish a relationship between the configuration of spaces with the thermal environment, ergonomics and environmental behavior of users. To understand this relationship, the aim of this paper is to present the model DEPAN (Design for Permanence and Attractiveness in niches open spaces of conviviality), based on graphical meshes, which were designed to evaluate the influence of design and ergonomics of open public spaces in the human thermal comfort and the ways in which users appropriate the space. Its applicability is demonstrated through a case study conducted in a park in the city of Bauru-SP. To perform this evaluation public space niches were chosen. They were formed by morphological elements and street furniture and defined by their spatial arrangements. The collected data were incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS), which allowed the overlay of meshes. The results indicate that the DEPAN model allows the verification of the spatial characteristics, thermal quality and ergonomic design generated by spaces, as well as the evaluation of the influence of these aspects in the way of using the spaces. The model allows the generation of a classification for every niche and set a value for the level of service offered.

Ergonomia, sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental e atividade de pesca artesanal com jangadas: estudo de caso na Praia de Ponta Negra, Natal-RN

The fishing is made possible by the handiwork of a fisherman, not using appliances that achieve the same levels of industrial fishing productivity and not causing environmental impacts on fish stocks with the same intensity. The adoption of sustainability practices in this type of fishing has been requested for the achievement of environmental and socioeconomic improvements, since its production has been decreasing over the years and overfishing has led to reduced stocks also stand out environmental aggressions such as pollution. Thus, this research aims to analyze the interference of environmental aspects/impacts that permeate the activity performed by fisherman on the beach of Ponta Negra, Natal-RN, in order to propose recommendations for environmental sustainability. We used a methodology based on the ergonomic work analysis (WISNER, 1987; GUERIN, 2001; VIDAL, 2008) using techniques such as observational and interactional observation protocols, photographs, videos, conversational action, and listening to verbalizations. To understand the vulnerability of the environment in which the activity is carried fisherman and the interferences that it suffers, we used the study of environmental aspects/impacts (SÁNCHEZ 2008). As a result, it appears that from the observations located and reports raftsmen, changes in the sea, the search for new fishing grounds farther from the coast, reducing fishery production, waste generation and pollution of the workplace, and the difficulty in docking rafts, factors arising from the pressures both for society as Seen by fisherman, denoting the necessity of drawing up recommendations and actions proposed by management activity by promoting discussion among raftsmen and accountable institutions, and training through workshops on environmental education, aiming to positive changes in the activity fisherman from Ponta Negra and the environment in which raftsmen are inserted in order to seek a sustainable activity, preserving its characteristics

Ergonomia e Odontologia: determinantes da postura corporal dos estudantes da clínica-escola de uma Universidade Federal

Posture is one of the most worrying problems dentists face. That is because of the high incidence of low back pathologies regarding the professional activity, despite the development on the field of Dental Ergonomics. This work took place at the dental schoolclinic at a Federal University, and it was grounded on the Ergonomic Principles in the workplace. Its main objective was to analyze the determinants of inadequate posture adopted by students inasmuch as the adoption of non ergonomic methods at the school-clinic may influence them to develop inadequate postures in their working environment. The analysis of the activity showed us that it requires some complex procedures in the patient s mouth. Thus, when the students carry out the activity, they start to adopt, although unconsciously, inadequate postures which will make easier the visual accuracy and the access to the operation focus. In case there is no internal (body awareness) or external warning mechanisms (the professor s or the partner s counseling) regarding posture or possible risks which lead them to self-correction, the students become vulnerable to osteomuscle disorders. The time pressure, because the students are expected to perform their task in a predetermined clinical time. The facts related to each patient s variability as well as the stress caused by the expectations to get their work done in time make the students to advance it believing they will waste time if they help their partners or using an indirect view. We could also notice that there was no assistant to perform the job of minor ones, as well as there was no professor who could actually connect the knowledge on Ergonomics to its working practice. The conclusions of this work stand out the need of widen the discussion at the academic environment regarding health professionals in places such as universities. The ergonomic principles in the workplace aim a multidisciplinary analysis based on the experience of students, professors, staff members and janitors that can contribute to some reflection upon the issue and consequently actions which will bring positive changes at the working environment

Abordagem da ergonomia para a análise da acessibilidade de uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos da cidade de Natal-RN

This dissertation presents and discusses the results of an applied research on the accessibility of residents in a Long Term Care Institution (LTCIs) in the city of Natal- RN. The main objective of this research is to suggest projectual improvements that maximize the accessibility in a LTCIs of Natal-RN, considering the aspects of mobility, safety, comfort and independence of elderly residents. Moreover, one should consider the specific characteristics of the user population, capabilities and limitations of the biological process of aging, which causes damage to the neurological system, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular and progressively affects on visual acuity, balance and locomotion of elderly people. This research has a qualitative approach and divided into four phases: exploratory, bibliographical and documentary research, mapping of the LTCIs of Natal-RN, case study. The phase of the mapping presented an overview of accessibility on LTCIs of Natal-RN. The institution of the case study was defined based on the overall assessment of accessibility and ergonomics criteria, preceded by an application of an Ergonomic Work Analysis to understand the accessibility of the elderly people. Interactional and observational methods were used to collect field data. To this end, an intense process of social construction was conducted, involving the elderly residents, caregivers, health professionals and general servants and LTCIs´ managers. It was found that the NBR 9050 is not comprehensive to solve the diversity of accessibility problems found in LTCIs. All LTCIs investigated were in disconformity to the NBR 9050. In the case study, it was found that the inappropriate design hinders the daily activities of the elderly people and is a source of risk of accidents. The environment, facilities and lack of assistive technologies hinder the autonomy of the elderly people, and this LTCI requires ergonomic intervention to improve the accessibility, autonomy and security of the elderly people

Abordagem da ergonomia para análise da acessibilidade a hóspedes com deficiência visual em hotéis: soluções de inclusão de pessoas cegas e com baixa visão

This study evaluates the level of accessibility for people with visual impairment (blindness and low vision) hotels in the city of Natal-RN, Brazil, and provides principles, guidelines and means of projective make hotels accessible, to promote comfort, autonomy and security of these people. We used a qualitative research methodology and quantitative trait descriptive, analytical and interpretive. Was taken as a base for field studies Ergonomic Analysis of Work, beginning with a study of the demands of accessibility of hotels and analyzing the modeling activity in these establishments through the application of interactional and observational techniques, such as film, photographic records, conversational actions and observation protocols. A protocol was developed and applied to evaluate the compliance of accessibility of hotels in the face of Brazilian technical standard NBR 9050 (2004). We used methods of Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) associated with simulated activities to identify the processes of decision making and analyzing the observables of the activities performed by people with visual impairment (POS). Interviews were conducted with people who are blind and low vision in various cities in order to meet accessibility difficulties they faced in hotels and recommendations for improvement that they indicate. The mapping results showed that of 16 hotels 4 and 5 star studied in Natal-RN, reached only 7% of the 50 items of the protocol, while none of them reached 70% of the items. About the results obtained in simulated activities and analyzed from the ATC, we saw that the hotel where it was performed this step shows a need to adequately address the guests with visual impairments

Análise da atividade de trabalho profissional de gerentes de hotel à luz da abordagem da ergonomia

This Masters degree dissertation presents a research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding within a hotel managers work in Natal/RN - Brazil, This Masters degree dissertation presents the research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding the hotel managers work in Natal / RN - Brazil, performing diagnosis of their activities and relating the aspects that impact the quality and productivity of hotel services and managers occupational health. This research is characterized as a case study with a qualitative approach, taking the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis which is the analysis of the managers work activity as a reference to the focus; and combining the use of observational and interactional methods. Ergonomics and macroergonomics are used in this study not only to understand the physical, cognitive and organizational constraints of the manager s duties, but also to characterize the work organizational architecture and design of that hotel. High workload, accumulation of tasks and diversion of functions performed by managers were noticed, increasing thereby the physical and psychological suffering for them. It was found that the activity of managers is characterized by the ambivalence of power, limited autonomy, cooperation, interdependence between managers and the fear of incompetence. It was also noticed that managers devote more time to the day job (37%), another time to sleep (30%), while only 33% of the rest of the day are meant for activities like taking care of health, family, social life and study. Although there are few studies addressing the health and safety of hotel managers, this research revealed that 84% of the surveyed hotel managers complain of musculoskeletal pain which 50% are obese and are 100% sedentary. It was also observed that managers adopt unsuitable postures for carrying out the work activities that contribute to becoming injured or work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the near future. Ergonomic measures were recommended as an investment in the skills and the training of managers, encouraging cooperative work, appropriateness of workload, limiting overtime, preserving the enjoyment of breaks during work and weekly holidays, changing the layout of the work sector , usage of communication technology to prevent displacement, compensatory physical activities, furniture adaptation, among others

Ergonomia e avaliação pós-ocupação (APO): a relação entre ambiente, usuário e atividade: uma contribuição da ergonomia aos estudos da Arquitetura

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de habitações sociais na perspectiva da ergonomia do ambiente construído: estudo de caso do PROMORE

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nuevos fundamentos de una ética ambiental para el desarrollo sustentable

Resumen: El presente trabajo aborda la temática del análisis de nuevos fundamentos de una ética ambiental para el desarrollo sustentable. Se comienza por la discusión de las limitaciones de planteos éticos precedentes mostrando la herencia moderna y las posturas metafísicas que las fundan. Esto llevará a un análisis básico de las nociones de “hombre” y de “mundo”. Examinaremos luego la necesidad de una revaloración de la metafísica tradicional para encontrar nuevas expresiones de sus verdades, que justifique un nuevo hombre cuya concepción de sí y de su la relación entre el Ser y los seres, derive en nuevas posturas y cursos de acción más adecuados con relación al medio ambiente.

Prolegómenos al análisis de la esfera social en el pensamiento ambiental multimodal

Resumen: En el presente trabajo abordamos la modalidad social en el pensamiento ambiental multimodal. La reflexión requiere primero la descripción del método de acceso, motivo por el cual revisamos la actividad logos en el análisis de la aprehensión primordial. El estudio de la dimensión social requiere repasar la aprehensión de las cosas y luego de los hechos sociales, para finalmente interesarnos por el estudio de la acción. Esto permite mostrar cómo el ambiente y los otros están siempre ya presentes en cada acción propia. Los resultados obtenidos permiten desarrollar una estructura de base para cualquier construcción teórica posterior que dé cuenta de la integración del hombre con la naturaleza y con los otros, mostrando la inseparable relación del ser humano con su ambiente y con su prójimo. Lo anterior sirve como protosociología de la modalidad social.