The unfrequented fringe: the settlement and landscape of Troina, Enna, Sicily.

Monograph archaeological report on prehistoric-classical archaeology fieldwork, including specialist reports

August Enna, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F03562

Perfiles de participación y presencia docente distribuida en redes asíncronas de aprendizaje : la articulación del análisis estructural y de contenido.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

The Italian Academies, 1525-1700: a themed collection database, London, British Library

A database of books published by Italian Academies between 1525 and 1700. The Italian Academies Themed Collection provides a detailed searchable database for locating printed material relating to the Italian learned Academies active in Avellino, Bari, Benevento, Bologna, Brindisi, Caltanissetta, Catania, Catanzaro, Enna, L’Aquila, Lecce, Mantua, Naples, Padua, Palermo, Rome, Salerno, Siena, Syracuse, Trapani, and Venice in the period 1525-1700 and now held in the collections of the British Library.

Role of Neutralizing Antibodies in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia by Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been implicated in the etiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigated RSV infection in Chilean adults with CAP using direct viral detection, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR), and serology (microneutralization assay). Methods. RSV, other respiratory viruses, and bacteria were studied by conventional and molecular techniques in adults aged >= 18 years presenting with CAP to the healthcare facilities in Santiago, Chile from February 2005 through December 2007. Results. All 356 adults with CAP enrolled had an acute blood sample collected at enrollment, and 184 had a convalescent blood sample. RSV was detected in 48 cases (13.4%). Immunofluorescence assay and viral isolation each detected only 1 infection (0.2%), whereas rtRT-PCR was positive in 32 (8.9%) cases and serology was positive in 20 (10.8%) cases. CAP clinical characteristics were similar in RSV-infected and non-RSV-infected cases. RSV-specific geometric mean serum-neutralizing antibody titer (GMST) was significantly lower at admission in the 48 RSV-infected cases compared with 308 non-RSV-infected adults (GMST in log(2): RSV/A 8.1 vs 8.9, and RSV/B 9.3 vs 10.4; P < .02). Conclusions. RSV infection is frequent in Chilean adults with CAP. Microneutralization assay was as sensitive as rtRT-PCR in detecting RSV infection and is a good adjunct assay for diagnostic research. High RSV-specific serum-neutralizing antibody levels were associated with protection against common and severe infection. The development of a vaccine could prevent RSV-related CAP in adults.

Community-acquired pneumonia in Chile: the clinical relevance in the detection of viruses and atypical bacteria

Background Adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a relevant worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality, however the aetiology often remains uncertain and the therapy is empirical. We applied conventional and molecular diagnostics to identify viruses and atypical bacteria associated with CAP in Chile. Methods We used sputum and blood cultures, IgG/IgM serology and molecular diagnostic techniques (PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR) for detection of classical and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumoniae) and respiratory viruses (adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenzavirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus) in adults >18 years old presenting with CAP in Santiago from February 2005 to September 2007. Severity was qualified at admission by Fine's pneumonia severity index. Results Overall detection in 356 enrolled adults were 92 (26%) cases of a single bacterial pathogen, 80 (22%) cases of a single viral pathogen, 60 (17%) cases with mixed bacterial and viral infection and 124 (35%) cases with no identified pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae and RSV were the most common bacterial and viral pathogens identified. Infectious agent detection by PCR provided greater sensitivity than conventional techniques. To our surprise, no relationship was observed between clinical severity and sole or coinfections. Conclusions The use of molecular diagnostics expanded the detection of viruses and atypical bacteria in adults with CAP, as unique or coinfections. Clinical severity and outcome were independent of the aetiological agents detected.

El mazateco de Oaxaca

El proyecto analiza la variación y el cambio en la fonología, léxico, morfología y sintaxis del mazateco que se habla en las Regiones de la Cuenca y la Cañada (Santo Domingo del Río, Xalapa de Díaz, Huautla de Jiménez y Santa María Asunción) del estado de Oaxaca de la República Mexicana

Las insurrecciones serviles en Sicilia : El relato de Diodoro Sículo y la participación de los campesinos libres

Durante el siglo XX el estudio de los tres grandes levantamientos de esclavos de fines de la República Romana ha girado en torno al debate suscitado por la definición de su carácter, "revolucionario" o "reformista", con lo cual se ha trasladado el imaginario contemporáneo de revolución al mundo antiguo. La historiografía occidental ha mostrado un llamativo consenso: los esclavos no tenían la intención de abolir la esclavitud, sus levantamientos carecieron de un fin revolucionario, por consiguiente fueron simplemente "rebeliones". El presente trabajo se propone repensar la temática de las insurrecciones serviles sicilianas narradas por Diodoro, tomando distancia del tradicional énfasis dicotómico (revolución-rebelión) y centrándose en una problemática que en líneas generales ha sido omitida o poco considerada por la historiografía, esto es, la participación y apoyo de sectores libres empobrecidos en las revueltas serviles. Demostraremos dicha participación; definiremos quiénes fueron estos "libres pobres"; apoyaremos la línea historiográfica que postula la existencia de una colaboración entre esclavos rebeldes y libres pobres en las revueltas, haciendo hincapié en la asamblea que se congrega en el teatro de Enna al comienzo de la primera insurrección; y sugeriremos pensar la acción de los esclavos rebeldes en las revueltas conforme al concepto de bandidos sociales

Las insurrecciones serviles en Sicilia : El relato de Diodoro Sículo y la participación de los campesinos libres

Durante el siglo XX el estudio de los tres grandes levantamientos de esclavos de fines de la República Romana ha girado en torno al debate suscitado por la definición de su carácter, "revolucionario" o "reformista", con lo cual se ha trasladado el imaginario contemporáneo de revolución al mundo antiguo. La historiografía occidental ha mostrado un llamativo consenso: los esclavos no tenían la intención de abolir la esclavitud, sus levantamientos carecieron de un fin revolucionario, por consiguiente fueron simplemente "rebeliones". El presente trabajo se propone repensar la temática de las insurrecciones serviles sicilianas narradas por Diodoro, tomando distancia del tradicional énfasis dicotómico (revolución-rebelión) y centrándose en una problemática que en líneas generales ha sido omitida o poco considerada por la historiografía, esto es, la participación y apoyo de sectores libres empobrecidos en las revueltas serviles. Demostraremos dicha participación; definiremos quiénes fueron estos "libres pobres"; apoyaremos la línea historiográfica que postula la existencia de una colaboración entre esclavos rebeldes y libres pobres en las revueltas, haciendo hincapié en la asamblea que se congrega en el teatro de Enna al comienzo de la primera insurrección; y sugeriremos pensar la acción de los esclavos rebeldes en las revueltas conforme al concepto de bandidos sociales

El mazateco de Oaxaca

El proyecto analiza la variación y el cambio en la fonología, léxico, morfología y sintaxis del mazateco que se habla en las Regiones de la Cuenca y la Cañada (Santo Domingo del Río, Xalapa de Díaz, Huautla de Jiménez y Santa María Asunción) del estado de Oaxaca de la República Mexicana

Las insurrecciones serviles en Sicilia : El relato de Diodoro Sículo y la participación de los campesinos libres

Durante el siglo XX el estudio de los tres grandes levantamientos de esclavos de fines de la República Romana ha girado en torno al debate suscitado por la definición de su carácter, "revolucionario" o "reformista", con lo cual se ha trasladado el imaginario contemporáneo de revolución al mundo antiguo. La historiografía occidental ha mostrado un llamativo consenso: los esclavos no tenían la intención de abolir la esclavitud, sus levantamientos carecieron de un fin revolucionario, por consiguiente fueron simplemente "rebeliones". El presente trabajo se propone repensar la temática de las insurrecciones serviles sicilianas narradas por Diodoro, tomando distancia del tradicional énfasis dicotómico (revolución-rebelión) y centrándose en una problemática que en líneas generales ha sido omitida o poco considerada por la historiografía, esto es, la participación y apoyo de sectores libres empobrecidos en las revueltas serviles. Demostraremos dicha participación; definiremos quiénes fueron estos "libres pobres"; apoyaremos la línea historiográfica que postula la existencia de una colaboración entre esclavos rebeldes y libres pobres en las revueltas, haciendo hincapié en la asamblea que se congrega en el teatro de Enna al comienzo de la primera insurrección; y sugeriremos pensar la acción de los esclavos rebeldes en las revueltas conforme al concepto de bandidos sociales

El mazateco de Oaxaca

El proyecto analiza la variación y el cambio en la fonología, léxico, morfología y sintaxis del mazateco que se habla en las Regiones de la Cuenca y la Cañada (Santo Domingo del Río, Xalapa de Díaz, Huautla de Jiménez y Santa María Asunción) del estado de Oaxaca de la República Mexicana

Urotensin-II-converting enzyme activity of furin and trypsin in human cells in vitro

Human urotensin-II (hU-II) is processed from its prohormone (ProhU-II) at putative cleavage sites for furin and serine proteases such as trypsin. Although proteolysis is required for biological activity, the endogenous urotensin-converting enzyme (UCE) has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate UCE activity in cultured human cells and in blood, comparing activity with that of furin and trypsin. In a cell-free system, hU-II was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after coincubating 10 muM carboxyl terminal fragment (CTF)-ProhU-II with recombinant furin (2 U/ml, 3 h, 37degreesC) at pH 7.0 and pH 8.5, but not at pH 5.0, or when the incubating medium was depleted of Ca2+ ions and supplemented with 2 mM EDTA at pH 7.0. hU-II was readily detected in the superperfusate of permeabilized epicardial mesothelial cells incubated with CTF-ProhU-II (3 h, 37degreesC), but it was only weakly detected in the superperfusate of intact cells. Conversion of CTF-ProhU-II to hU-II was attenuated in permeabilized cells using conditions found to inhibit furin activity. In a cell-free system, trypsin (0.05 mg/ml) cleaved CTF-ProhU-II to hU-II, and this was inhibited with 35 muM aprotinin. hU-II was detected in blood samples incubated with CTF-ProhU-II (3 h, 37degreesC), and this was also inhibited with aprotinin. The findings revealed an intracellular UCE in human epicardial mesothelial cells with furin-like activity. Aprotinin-sensitive UCE activity was detected in blood, suggesting that an endogenous serine protease such as trypsin may also contribute to proteolysis of hU-II prohormone, if the prohormone is secreted into the circulation.

Ion-trapping, microsomal binding, and unbound drug distribution in the hepatic retention of basic drugs

This study investigated the relative contribution of ion-trapping, microsomal binding, and distribution of unbound drug as determinants in the hepatic retention of basic drugs in the isolated perfused rat liver. The ionophore monensin was used to abolish the vesicular proton gradient and thus allow an estimation of ion-trapping by acidic hepatic vesicles of cationic drugs. In vitro microsomal studies were used to independently estimate microsomal binding and metabolism. Hepatic vesicular ion-trapping, intrinsic elimination clearance, permeability-surface area product, and intracellular binding were derived using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Modeling showed that the ion-trapping was significantly lower after monensin treatment for atenolol and propranolol, but not for antipyrine. However, no changes induced by monensin treatment were observed in intrinsic clearance, permeability, or binding for the three model drugs. Monensin did not affect binding or metabolic activity in vitro for the drugs. The observed ion-trapping was similar to theoretical values estimated using the pHs and fractional volumes of the acidic vesicles and the pK(a) values of drugs. Lipophilicity and pK(a) determined hepatic drug retention: a drug with low pK(a) and low lipophilicity (e.g., antipyrine) distributes as unbound drug, a drug with high pK(a) and low lipophilicity (e.g., atenolol) by ion-trapping, and a drug with a high pK(a) and high lipophilicity (e.g., propranolol) is retained by ion-trapping and intracellular binding. In conclusion, monensin inhibits the ion-trapping of high pK(a) basic drugs, leading to a reduction in hepatic retention but with no effect on hepatic drug extraction.

Abolition of valproate-derived choleresis in the Mrp2 transporter-deficient rat

Valproic acid (VPA) is a major therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. It is metabolized in humans and rats primarily along two pathways: direct glucuronidation to yield the acyl glucuronide (VPA-G) and beta-oxidation. We have shown much earlier in the Sprague-Dawley rat that i.v. administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA) caused a marked choleresis ( mean of 3.3 times basal bile flow after doses of 150 mg/kg), ascribed to the passive osmotic flow of bile water following excretion of VPA-G across the canalicular membrane. Active biliary pumping of anionic drug conjugates across the canalicular membrane is now believed to be attributable to transporter proteins, in particular Mrp2, which is deficient in the TR- ( a mutant Wistar) rat. In the present study, normal Wistar and Mrp2-deficient TR- rats were dosed i.v. with NaVPA at 150 mg/kg. In the Wistar rats, there was a peak choleretic effect of about 3.2 times basal bile flow, occurring at about 30 to 45 min postdose ( as seen previously with Sprague-Dawley rats). In TR- rats given the same i.v. dose, there was no evidence of postdose choleresis. The choleresis was correlated with the excretion of VPA-G into bile. In Wistar rats, 62.8 +/- 7.7% of the NaVPA dose was excreted in bile as VPA-G, whereas in TR- rats, only 2.0 +/- 0.6% of the same dose was excreted as VPA-G in bile ( with partial compensatory excretion of VPA-G in urine). This study underlines the functional ( bile flow) consequences of biliary transport of xenobiotic conjugated metabolites.