Volatility spillovers for spot, futures, and ETF prices in energy and agriculture

The agricultural and energy industries are closely related, both biologically and financially. The paper discusses the relationship and the interactions on price and volatility, with special focus on the covolatility spillover effects for these two industries. The interaction and covolatility spillovers or the delayed effect of a returns shock in one asset on the subsequent volatility or covolatility in another asset, between the energy and agricultural industries is the primary emphasis of the paper. Although there has already been significant research on biofuel and biofuel-related crops, much of the previous research has sought to find a relationship among commodity prices. Only a few published papers have been concerned with volatility spillovers. However, it must be emphasized that there have been numerous technical errors in the theoretical and empirical research, which needs to be corrected. The paper not only considers futures prices as a widely-used hedging instrument, but also takes an interesting new hedging instrument, ETF, into account. ETF is regarded as index futures when investors manage their portfolios, so it is possible to calculate an optimal dynamic hedging ratio. This is a very useful and interesting application for the estimation and testing of volatility spillovers. In the empirical analysis, multivariate conditional volatility diagonal BEKK models are estimated for comparing patterns of covolatility spillovers. The paper provides a new way of analyzing and describing the patterns of covolatility spillovers, which should be useful for the future empirical analysis of estimating and testing covolatility spillover effects.

Indicators to the consumption of electric energy and agriculture cattle farming production for the elaboration of clusters with cities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The issue in this matter is that rules for use of electricity in rural areas are limited to the provision of inputs. Adopting guidelines to consider managed sub regions can generate poor results. The focus of this study was to present parameters for indicators of electric energy and agricultural production to allow the formation of city groups in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, with similar electric energy consumption and rural agricultural production. The methodology was the development of indicators that characterize the electric energy consumption/agricultural production and the preparation of groups using indicators with ward of statistical method of groups. The main conclusions were the formation of six homogeneous groups with similar characteristics regarding agricultural production/consumption of electricity. The application of these groups in cities with similar characteristics would produce more satisfactory results than the division of administrative Rural Development Offices (RDO).

La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry

For nearly 200 years since their discovery in 1756, geologists considered the zeolite minerals to occur as fairly large crystals in the vugs and cavities of basalts and other traprock formations. Here, they were prized by mineral collectors, but their small abundance and polymineralic nature defied commercial exploitation. As the synthetic zeolite (molecular sieve) business began to take hold in the late 1950s, huge beds of zeolite-rich sediments, formed by the alteration of volcanic ash (glass) in lake and marine waters, were discovered in the western United States and elsewhere in the world. These beds were found to contain as much as 95% of a single zeolite; they were generally flat-lying and easily mined by surface methods. The properties of these low-cost natural materials mimicked those of many of their synthetic counterparts, and considerable effort has made since that time to develop applications for them based on their unique adsorption, cation-exchange, dehydration–rehydration, and catalytic properties. Natural zeolites (i.e., those found in volcanogenic sedimentary rocks) have been and are being used as building stone, as lightweight aggregate and pozzolans in cements and concretes, as filler in paper, in the take-up of Cs and Sr from nuclear waste and fallout, as soil amendments in agronomy and horticulture, in the removal of ammonia from municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste and drinking waters, as energy exchangers in solar refrigerators, as dietary supplements in animal diets, as consumer deodorizers, in pet litters, in taking up ammonia from animal manures, and as ammonia filters in kidney-dialysis units. From their use in construction during Roman times, to their role as hydroponic (zeoponic) substrate for growing plants on space missions, to their recent success in the healing of cuts and wounds, natural zeolites are now considered to be full-fledged mineral commodities, the use of which promise to expand even more in the future.

Radioisotopes in agriculture: animal husbandry, bacteriology, fertilizer uptake, plant physiology, photosynthesis, and entomology : a selected list of references /

Kept up-to-date by supplements.

Radioisotopes in agriculture : animal husbandry, fertilizer uptake, plant physiology, photosynthesis, and entomology : a selected list of references /

This bibliography contains 151 selected references on the uses of radioactive and stable isotopes in animal husbandry and in studies of fertilizer uptake by plants, plant physiology, photosynthesis, and entomology. These references were selected from scientific journals published during the period 1957-1958. An author index is included.

Radioisotopes in agriculture : animal husbandry, fertilizer uptake, plant physiology, photosynthesis, and entomology : a selected bibliography /

This annotated bibliography contains 148 selected references on the uses of radioactive and stable isotopes in animal husbandry and in studies of fertilizer uptake by plants, plant physiology, photosynthesis, and entomology. These references were selected from scientific journals published during the period 1957-1958. Subject and author indexes and a list of the periodicals from which the references were selected are included.

Radioisotopes in agriculture : analytical procedures, animal husbandry, entomology, fertilizer uptake, general studies, photosynthesis, plant genetics, and plant physiology : a selected bibliography /

"TID-3078(Suppl. 1). Biology and Medicine, TID-4500 (31st edition)."

The role of atomic energy in agricultural research. Proceedings of the fourth annual Oak Ridge Summer Symposium, Aug. 25-30, 1952;

"Sponsored by University of Tennessee-Atomic Energy Commission Agricultural Research Program, August 25-30, 1952."

Radiant energy in relation to forests,

"Literature cited": p. 95-103.

Power and machinery in agriculture /

Caption title.

The role of atomic energy in agricultural research. Proceedings of the fourth annual Oak Ridge Summer Symposium, Aug.25-30, 1952.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission: TID-5115.