Encalhes de Cetáceos ocorridos no período de 1984 a 2005 no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Strandings of live or dead aquatic mammals constitute an important instrument to provide information regarding the occurrence, biology and ecology of these species. The aim of this study was to register the stranded species of cetaceans, the frequency and the spatial-temporal distribution of theses strandings during the period of 1984 to 2005, in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Data was acquired through the monitoring of strandings in the north, north-west and south coast of RN, and through information obtained from institutions and newspaper archives of the State. A total of 122 strandings of cetaceans were registered along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 14 species of cetaceans registered, four species had higher frequencies: Sotalia guianensis (n= 65), Steno bredanensis (n = 6), Globicephala macrorhynchus (n = 6) and Physeter macrocephalus (n = 7). Out of 118 strandings, 93 occurred in the south coast (78.8 %), 23 in the north coast (19.5%) and 2 (1.7%) in the north-west coast of the State. The highest frequency of strandings occurred during the months of August to March and the maximum number of strandings occurred from 2000 onwards, as a consequence of the intense monitoring of the Pequenos Cetáceos Project in Rio Grande do Norte

Encalhes de tubarões anequins e de raias-pretas no litoral do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil: Relato de casos

Stranding of oceanic-pelagic elasmo branchs in the southeastern Brazil are reported. Data comes from animals observed in the coast of São Paulo state, between 1999 and 2012. Nine individuals of two species were recorded: Pteroplatytrygon violacea (n = 5; mostly during the winter) and Isurus oxyrinchus (n = 4; two in the winter and two in the summer). For P. violacea the strandings restricted to the austral winter suggest that the species follows the intrusion of high temperatures water masses recorded in southeastern Brazil during this season, bringing some individuals to shallow waters. For I. oxyrinchus is possible that individuals escaped from hooks of the commercial pelagic long line fishery and suffered injuries in the esophagus and in the gastric wall, stranding due to difficulties in locomotion and feeding. As these stranded sharks were not necropsied and only two animals were observed during the austral summer, we cannot exclude other causes of beaching such diseases or the intrusion of cold water masses in the continental shelf during this season.

Encalhes de Cetáceos ocorridos no período de 1984 a 2005 no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Strandings of live or dead aquatic mammals constitute an important instrument to provide information regarding the occurrence, biology and ecology of these species. The aim of this study was to register the stranded species of cetaceans, the frequency and the spatial-temporal distribution of theses strandings during the period of 1984 to 2005, in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Data was acquired through the monitoring of strandings in the north, north-west and south coast of RN, and through information obtained from institutions and newspaper archives of the State. A total of 122 strandings of cetaceans were registered along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 14 species of cetaceans registered, four species had higher frequencies: Sotalia guianensis (n= 65), Steno bredanensis (n = 6), Globicephala macrorhynchus (n = 6) and Physeter macrocephalus (n = 7). Out of 118 strandings, 93 occurred in the south coast (78.8 %), 23 in the north coast (19.5%) and 2 (1.7%) in the north-west coast of the State. The highest frequency of strandings occurred during the months of August to March and the maximum number of strandings occurred from 2000 onwards, as a consequence of the intense monitoring of the Pequenos Cetáceos Project in Rio Grande do Norte

Encalhes de Cetáceos ocorridos no período de 1984 a 2005 no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Strandings of live or dead aquatic mammals constitute an important instrument to provide information regarding the occurrence, biology and ecology of these species. The aim of this study was to register the stranded species of cetaceans, the frequency and the spatial-temporal distribution of theses strandings during the period of 1984 to 2005, in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Data was acquired through the monitoring of strandings in the north, north-west and south coast of RN, and through information obtained from institutions and newspaper archives of the State. A total of 122 strandings of cetaceans were registered along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 14 species of cetaceans registered, four species had higher frequencies: Sotalia guianensis (n= 65), Steno bredanensis (n = 6), Globicephala macrorhynchus (n = 6) and Physeter macrocephalus (n = 7). Out of 118 strandings, 93 occurred in the south coast (78.8 %), 23 in the north coast (19.5%) and 2 (1.7%) in the north-west coast of the State. The highest frequency of strandings occurred during the months of August to March and the maximum number of strandings occurred from 2000 onwards, as a consequence of the intense monitoring of the Pequenos Cetáceos Project in Rio Grande do Norte

Tartarugas marinhas da Bacia Potiguar/RN: diagnóstico, biologia alimentar e ameaças

This work aimed to study the diversity and distribution of marine sea turtles stranded in Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, as well as aspects related to feeding behavior associated with human impacts. The study was conducted through the analysis of data from stranded animals, recorded in a daily monitoring in an area bounded on the north by the municipality of Aquiraz, in the state of Ceará, and the east by the municipality of Caicara do Norte, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Stranded dead animals were necropsied and for the analysis of the diet of animals, esophagus, stomach and intestines were fixed in 10% formalin and after that, the stomach contents were sorted and stored in 70% alcohol. Representative fragments of these organs were removed for making histological slides, with a view to histological characterization of the digestive tract. 2.046 occurrences of turtles were recorded during the period from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012. The Chelonia mydas species showed the highest number of records and it was observed in 66.81 % (N = 1,367) of cases; followed by Eretmochelys imbricata with 4.45 % (N = 91) and by Lepidochelys olivacea with 1.22% (N = 25). The Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea species were, respectively, 0.93 % (N = 19) and 0.05 % (N = 1) records of strandings. In 26.54 % of cases, it was not possible to identify the species. Regarding the spatial distribution, the stretch A was the one that had the highest number of strandings and a larger number of records were registered in the warm months of the year. The dietary analysis showed that C. mydas fed preferentially on algae; C. caretta had a diet with a predominance of the item "coral´s fragments" and E. imbricata species showed preference for an animal origin material. Related to this anthropic interaction, 57.14 % (n = 76) of animals that died at the rehabilitation s base, showed cause of death due to complications from ingesting debris. According to the data presented, the Potiguar Basin presents itself as an area with important diversity and distribution of marine sea turtle as well is characterized as a feeding and nidification area for these species

Cetacean records along São Paulo state coast, Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da ocorrência de peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais na costa leste da Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Atualmente, existem ao redor do mundo três espécies de peixes-boi: a) Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus, 1758); b) Trichechus senegalensis (Link, 1795) e c) Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883), todas pertencentes à família Trichechidae. Algumas características ambientais parecem influenciar a presença dos peixes-boi em uma determinada área, tais como: i) temperatura da água – principalmente para áreas subtropicais, ii) profundidade dos corpos d’água, iii) salinidade e iv) ação das marés; v) disponibilidade de alimento e vi) baixa hidrodinamica. Apesar de as espécies de sirênios existentes no Brasil estarem protegidas pela Lei Federal de Proteção à Fauna (Lei nº 5.197, de 03-01-1967) e sua alteração (Lei nº 7.653, de 18-12- 1987) e pela Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei nº 9.605/98, de 12-02-98), o peixe-boi amazônico e o peixe-boi marinho ainda correm risco de desaparecimento em um futuro próximo, sendo por isso, considerados como vulnerável e muito ameaçado de extinção, respectivamente, pela Portaria IBAMA nº 1.522/89. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de sirênios do gênero Trichechus com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais existentes na costa leste da Ilha do Marajó, no Estado do Pará. Para tanto foi avaliado o nível de conhecimento dos pescadores locais sobre os peixes-boi; mapeada as áreas de ocorrência dos peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e determinou as áreas de maior ou menor probabilidade de ocorrência de peixes-boi com base em indicadores ambientais. Os pescadores locais possuem um excelente conhecimento sobre o peixe-boi, informando características morfológicas, hábito alimentar e preferências ambientais satisfatórias. As ameaças diretas (caça) para a região não estão evidentes devido à diminuição de mão de obra especializadas, havendo apenas captura oportuna. Foi registrado durante o estudo dois encalhes na região e segundo informações de mortalidade de Trichechus spp. na área, nos últimos 50 anos morrem no mínimo 43 animais, sendo estes principalmente usados na farmacologia e consumo. O município de Salvaterra é o com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de peixe-boi segundo as características ambientais (menor intensidade de correntes, baixa salinidade, abundancia de alimento, menor tráfego de embarcações motorizadas) corroborando com os dados do conhecimento ecológico local, que indica a mesma área como de uso pelos peixes-boi. Apesar do incremento nos últimos anos nos estudos dos peixes-boi para o estado do Pará, ainda se faz necessário o investimento maior na pesquisa acerca desses animais. A continuidade das ações relacionadas ao manejo e a conservação dos peixes-boi devem ser somadas a participação dos atores sociais para uma rede de informações mais eficiente a fim de minimizar a perda de hábitat, os encalhes e aperfeiçoar as ações de resgate e reabilitações dos sirênios no estado. A foz do rio Amazonas deve ser especialmente estudada, pois se trata de uma área de simpatia das duas espécies ocorrentes no Brasil que influencia diretamente na conservação dos peixes-boi do todo o país.