Estudos anal��ticos dos grafoelementos do eletroencefalograma em sono: fusos do sono, ondas agudas do vértex e o gradiente de freq����ncia e amplitude, como indicadores de comprometimento neurol��gico na crian��a

Innumerable studies have focused been reported on the sleep spindles (SS), Sharp Vertex Waves (SVW) and REM, NREM Sleep as indicators interpreting EEG patterns in children. However, Frequency and Amplitud Gradient (FAG) is rarely cited sleep parameter in children,that occurs during NREM Sleep. It was first described by Slater and Torres, in 1979, but has not been routinely evaluated in EEG reports. The aim of this study was to assess the absence of SS, SVW and FAG, as an indication of neurological compromise in children. The sample consisted of 1014 EEGs of children referred to the Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Hospital Universit��rio de Bras��lia (HUB), from January 1997 to March 2003, with ages ranging from 3 months to 12 years old, obtained in spontaneous sleep or induced by choral hydrate. The study was transversal and analytical, in which, visual analysis of EEG traces was perfumed individually and independently by two electroencephalographers without prior knowledge of the EEG study or neurological findings. After EEG selection, the investigators analyzed the medical reports in order to define and correlate neurological pattern was classified according to the presence or absence of neurological compromise, as Normal Neurological Pattern (NNP), and Altered Neurological Pattern (ANP) respectively. From the visual analysis of the EEG(s), it was possible to characterize 6 parameters: 1- FAG present (64,1%); 2- FAG absent (35,9%); 3 - normal SS (87,9%); 4 - altered SS s (12,1%); 5 - normal SVW s (95,7%); 6 - altered SVW s (4,3%). The prevalence of well-formed FAG is found in the 3 months to 5 years age group in the children with NNF. FAG was totally absent from the age of 10 years. When comparing the three sleep graphielements, it was observed that SVW and SS were predominant in children with NNF. However, FAG absent was more prevalent in the ANF than in altered SS an SVW. The statistical analysis showed that there is a strong association of FAG absent, with isolated alteration, in ANF patients, in that the prevalence ratio was 6,60. The association becomes stronger when FAG absent + altered SS(s) is considered (RP= 6,68). Chi-square test, corrected by Yates technique, showed a highly significant relation for FAG &#961;= 0,00000001, for error X of 5%, or else the 95% confidence interval (&#961;<0,05). Thus, the FAG absent were more expressive in ANF patient than altered SS(s) and SVW(s). The association becomes stronger in order to establish a prognostic relation, when the FAG is combined with the SS. The results os this study allow us to affirm that the FAG, when absent at ages ranging from 3 months to 5 years , is an indication of neurological compromise. FAG is an age-dependent EEG parameter and incorporated systematically, in the interpretation criteria of the EEG of children s sleep, not only in the maturational point of view, but also neurological disturbances with encephalic compromise

Avalia����o eletroneuromiogr��fica na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral

P��s-gradua����o em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Monitor de profundidade da hipnose. A eletroencefalografia bispectral

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A monitoriza����o da profundidade da hipnose e da anestesia �� um ato complexo. A maioria das propostas para monitorizar os n��veis adequados da hipnose, durante a anestesia, envolve o EEG usando as ondas do EEG, ou mais recentemente, usando a forma processada. A an��lise bispectral �� o m��todo que permite analisar o EEG nas diferentes fases de freq����ncias. CONTE��DO: O EEG processado �� iniciado com a convers��o do sinal de EEG para a forma digital. O EEG digitalizado pode ser matematicamente transformado pelo processo conhecido como an��lise de Fourier, que separa o complexo sinal do EEG em v��rios componentes da onda, ou seja, em cada por����o de diferente amplitude, mas cuja soma corresponde �� forma original da onda. Com o emprego deste m��todo surgem v��rios par��metros. O ��ndice Bispectral, ou simplesmente BIS (100 - acordado at�� 0 - isoel��trico), �� derivado dos melhores par��metros (p.ex.: freq����ncia da borda spectral, freq����ncia mediana e o burst supression ou surto de supress��o) que foram avaliados atrav��s de an��lise estat��stica. CONCLUS��ES: A experi��ncia cl��nica tem mostrado que o BIS pode predizer uma resposta �� incis��o da pele durante a anestesia. Entretanto, o BIS n��o �� independente da t��cnica anest��sica usada. H�� diferentes respostas, a depender do hipn��tico e analg��sico empregado.

Din��mica de grafoelementos do sono e seus impactos na neurofisiologia de pacientes com apneia obstrutiva atrav��s de sinais de eletroencefalografia

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Meningencefalites bacterianas agudas em crian��as: complica����es e sequelas neurol��gicas

We studied 271 children under age of 15 with diagnosis of acute bacterial meningencephalitis treated at Medical School in Ribeir��o Preto, University of S��o Paulo, between 1980 and 1990. The patients were divided in two groups: 1) those who had not received previous antibiotics treatment (NTP), with 153 cases; and 2), those who had received previous antibiotics treatment (PT), with 118 cases. The etiological agent was more frequently identified in NPT group, while ventriculitis was more frequent in PT group. Mortality rate accounted for 19,5% of all cases, and 29.7% of children under 12 months of age. Acute meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was frequently followed by increased mortality. Convulsive disorders and hemiparesis predominante among children under 12 months of age. On the neurosurgical point of view, ventriculitis, subdural hygroma, hydrocephalus, subdural empyema and brain abscess were identified and treated

Determina����o espectrofotom��trica de hexametilenotetramina (HMT) em medicamentos, utilizando ��cido cromotr��pico e forno de micro-ondas

This paper proposes a methodology for spectrophotometric determination of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) by using chromotropic acid in a phosphoric acid media employing a domestic microwave oven as a source of heating. The reddish-purple soluble product is quantitatively formed after 30 s of irradiation and obeys the Beer��s law in the range between 0.1-1.2 mg L-1 HMT (r = 0.99925). The method was applied successfully in commercial pharmaceutical preparations containing dyes in their composition. The results showed that the method proposed is feasible for simplicity, speed, low cost, precision and accuracy when compared with United States Pharmacopeia official method.

Respostas cardiopulmonares agudas de mulheres no treinamento de for��a

OBJETIVE: Investigate the cardiopulmonary responses of one strength training session in young women. METHOD: Twenty-three women aged between 18 and 29 years participated in this study. All the volunteers were submitted to the following tests: cardiopulmonary and one-repetition maximum (1-RM). The strength training protocol had emphasis on muscular hypertrophy, three sets from eight to twelve repetitions under 70% of 1-RM, with a one minute thirty-second break between sets. During the training session, the cardiopulmonary variables were measured with a metabolic gas analyzer and a telemetry module. RESULTS: The results of the oxygen consumption in the training session were from 8.43 + 1.76 ml/kg/min and of the heart rate of 108.08 + 15.26 bpm. The results of the oxygen consumption and of the heart rate in the training were lower (p < 0.01) than in the ventilatory threshold and of the oxygen consumption and the heart rate reserves. CONCLUSION: The obtained data show that the present protocol of strength training provided low overload to the cardiopulmonary system of young women.

Meningites bacterianas agudas complica����es vasculares: vascular complications

The authors present the study of four children with arteritis as vascular complication of acute bacterial meningitis. They report pathophysiological mechanisms involved in vascular lesions, and progress in the understanding of these complications.

Respostas agudas de par��metros biomec��nicos �� utiliza����o de diferentes tamanhos de palmar no nado crawl

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Estudo das les��es agudas da ginastica artistica feminina na infancia, a partir da popula����o em treinamento em Campinas, S.P

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Respostas agudas da variabilidade da frequ��ncia card��aca ap��s ses��o de exerc��cio de for��a com restri����o de fluxo sangu��neo = : Acute responses of heart rate variabiblity afer blood flow restriction resistance exercise

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Sintonizando emo����es : o futebol e o radio : uma viagem nas ondas da midia radiofonica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Propagac��o das ondas de rossby nos invernos de m��xima freq����ncia de ocorr��ncia de geadas na pampa ��mida

Neste trabalho estudou-se a influ��ncia dos padr��es de onda extratropicais, que favorecem o desenvolvimento de eventos extremos frios no sudeste Sul-Americano, e em particular na regi��o conhecida como Pampa ��mida. O aquecimento an��malo observado na regi��o do oceano Pac��fico tropical ocidental a nordeste da Austr��lia, durante os invernos de m��xima freq����ncia de ocorr��ncia de Geadas Generalizadas (GG) no centro-leste da Argentina, (regi��o conhecida como Pampa ��mida - PU), atua como disparador de ondas de Rossby, as quais se propagam at�� o continente, favorecendo assim a ocorr��ncia daqueles eventos. O padr��o de propaga����o obtido nas simula����es num��ricas com um modelo barocl��nico global, mostra o predom��nio de um n��mero de onda 3. Adicionalmente, foram analisadas as correla����es do vento meridional em altos e baixos n��veis observados para os eventos de GG, selecionados dentro dos invernos de m��xima freq����ncia de ocorr��ncia desses eventos. O vento meridional global em 250hPa apresenta regi��es com correla����o estatisticamente significativa com o vento meridional m��dio na PU. A configura����o obtida no caso do vento meridional global em 250hPa, correlacionado com o vento meridional na PU, pode estar associada ao padr��o de propaga����o das ondas simuladas numericamente a partir da for��ante tropical. Igualmente importantes e significativos s��o os valores de correla����o do vento sul nos baixos n��veis, em particular para toda regi��o da PU. O padr��o de ondas simulado est�� bem representado pelas significativas correla����es entre o vento meridional hemisf��rico em altos n��veis e a temperatura no dia de evento de GG.