Insights Into the Remembered Educational Experiences of Male Caribbean Immigrants to Canada: Literacy and Identity in the Canadian Classroom

Abstract Past research has addressed the issue of male underachievement in literacy as an issue of global concern. This qualitative study focused on one subgroup of males which the literature highlighted as most at risk of educational underachievement in the Canadian educational landscape: male Caribbean immigrants to Canada. The research questions that framed the study sought to gain insight into the educational experiences of this group of learners so that ways through which their literacy achievement as measured by academic performance and classroom engagement could be projected. New literacy studies view literacy as socioculturally bound in social, institutional, and cultural relationships (Gee 1996). Literacy can therefore be thought of as an extension of self that Lankshear and Knobel (2006) assert is always connected to social identities. Central to the research questions as a result of this perspective was the discovery of the ideologies of reading held by the participants and their connections to literacy practice. Supplementary questions delved into socially valued literacy practices and ways in which learners saw themselves as Black males reflected in the Canadian educational framework. In this qualitative study with an interview design, data were collected through individual semistructured interviews with the 4 participants and through a focus group session with all the participants. The findings depicted that identity, interests, and ideologies of reading all influenced the literacy practices and engagement of Caribbean males. The findings documented are valuable as they provide a fresh perspective surrounding the educational experiences of the male Caribbean learner and can present insights which can lead to enhanced academic engagement and improved student achievement for this group of learners.

Exploration de la relation entre l’évaluation à l’aide d’examens à la fin du primaire et l’apprentissage par la lecture d’élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage

De nos jours, il ne suffit pas de décoder pour être considéré comme alphabétisé, il faut aussi être capable de comprendre différents types de textes et d'utiliser avec efficience les informations qu'ils présentent (MELS, 2006). Le redoublement et le retard scolaire au primaire étant le plus souvent attribuables aux difficultés en lecture et en écriture et ces faiblesses se répercutant sur la réussite des élèves dans toutes les matières (Stetson et Williams, 1992), l'importance de présenter aux élèves des situations d'apprentissage complexes qui les soutiendront dans leur apprentissage par la lecture est sans équivoque. Surtout que Horton et Lovitt (1994) mentionnent que les échecs scolaires seraient étroitement liés aux difficultés que ces élèves éprouvent lorsqu'ils apprennent en lisant. Cette étude a été réalisée à partir des données collectées dans la recherche menée en 2003-2004 par Chouinard, Bowen, Cartier, Desbiens, Laurier, Plante (2005) intitulée: «L'effet de différentes approches évaluatives sur l'engagement et la persévérance scolaire dans le contexte du passage du primaire au secondaire» (Chouinard et coll., 2005). L’objectif de la présente étude était d’explorer la relation entre l’évaluation à l’aide d’examens d'enseignants de la fin du primaire et l’apprentissage par la lecture d'élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage. Pour ce faire, deux sous-objectifs ont été retenus : (1) Comparer la relation entre les deux types d’élèves (élèves ordinaires et élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage) et le processus d’apprentissage par la lecture et (2) Comparer la relation entre les niveaux d’identification d’évaluation à l’aide d’examens des enseignants et le processus d’apprentissage par la lecture. Les trois principaux concepts de la question de recherche sont la difficulté d'apprentissage, l'apprentissage par la lecture et les pratiques évaluatives, dont l’évaluation à l’aide d’examens. Une analyse des caractéristiques des 22 recherches répertoriées a permis constater que très peu de recherche traitent de la relation entre les pratiques évaluatives et le processus d'apprentissage des élèves du primaire et encore moins impliquent des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage. ii Afin de répondre à l'objectif de la présente étude, une recherche de type exploratoire dans une approche quantitative a été retenue. Des analyses descriptives (moyennes et écart-type), suivie par une analyse multivariée de la variance (MANOVA) à deux niveaux (2x2) ont été effectuées. Ensuite, des analyses univariées ont été conduites sur les variables qui présentaient des relations significatives afin de mieux cibler ces relations. Cent six enseignants et leurs 1864 élèves ont accepté de répondre à deux questionnaires auto-déclarés : Le questionnaire sur les pratiques évaluatives (Chouinard et coll., 2005) a été utilisé auprès des enseignants. Le questionnaire sur l'apprentissage par la lecture: Lire pour apprendre de Cartier et Butler (version 2004) a été utilisé auprès des élèves. Les résultats en lien avec les objectifs de cette étude indiquent un effet d'interaction significatif entre l’identification des enseignants à l’évaluation à l’aide d’examens (forte ou faible) et les types d'élèves (élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage et élèves ordinaires). Les élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage interprètent davantage les exigences de l’activité que les élèves ordinaires lorsqu’ils sont dans ce contexte. On remarque aussi que les élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage rapportent recourir davantage aux stratégies d’encodage et de rappel que les élèves ordinaires et ce, peu importe l’identification des enseignants à l’évaluation à l’aide d’examens. Les résultats en lien avec le premier sous-objectif ont montré une relation significative entre les types d’élèves (élèves en difficulté d’apprentissage et élèves ordinaires) et le processus d’apprentissage par la lecture. Cette relation significative se situe sur l’engagement périphérique et les stratégies cognitives. Aussi, les résultats en lien avec le deuxième sous-objectif ont révélé une relation significative entre l’évaluation à l’aide d’examens et le processus d’apprentissage par la lecture.

Estratégias de intervenção educativa junto de alunos com hiperatividade e problemas de atenção

A Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA) é um distúrbio que, segundo a literatura, afeta entre 3-7% das crianças em idade escolar e que consiste numa tríade de desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade. Este distúrbio é prevalente e para os atingidos pode ter consequências gravosas sendo o insucesso escolar um dos primeiros obstáculos. Muitas vezes entendidas pela classe docente como falta de educação e preguiça, estas características não recebem a atenção devida. Baseado num aluno do 8º ano com diagnóstico de PHDA do tipo misto desde os 5 anos de idade, este projeto destinou-se a estudar sumariamente a PHDA e a encontrar, aplicar e avaliar a eficácia de um conjunto de estratégias de aprendizagem que, numa perspetiva inclusiva, permitissem quer ao aluno quer ao grupo turma desenvolver os seus potenciais de aprendizagem. O aluno não se encontra abrangido pelo Decreto Lei 3/2008 mas apresentou insucesso escolar no 7º ano que quase comprometeu a sua progressão. Integra uma turma de dezasseis alunos que inclui três alunos abrangidos pelo referido decreto sendo um de currículo específico individual. Este projeto desenvolveu-se no primeiro período do ano letivo 2012-2013 e possui duas vertentes: a tutoria individual - num tempo semanal – assumido na qualidade de diretora de turma, e o espaço de sala de aula curricular de Físico-Química – em três tempos semanais – da qual a autora do presente trabalho é docente. O projeto de tutoria, sugerido pelo psicólogo que acompanha o aluno, destinou-se à implementação de um Programa de Promoção da Função Cognitiva e de Métodos e Hábitos de Estudo incidindo nos seguintes domínios: componente motivacional, componente comportamental, componente cognitiva, autoconhecimento e autoavaliação, e planeamento de uma metodologia de estudo mais eficaz. Em sala de aula o enfoque esteve na componente motivacional para o estudo da disciplina com o intento de otimizar as funções executivas de Ativação, Foco e Esforço mencionadas por Brown (2009), e na atribuição de significado aos conteúdos estudados para trabalhar a Memória de curto e longo prazo. Para a abordagem dos vários temas utilizaram-se recursos variados procurando respeitar os vários estilos de aprendizagem mas o recurso a objetos e atividades experimentais foram os que se revelaram mais eficazes. No final desta intervenção, a avaliação do período em estudo revelou um aluno mais motivado e participativo na generalidade das disciplinas e especialmente em Físico-Química onde obteve classificações acima da média da turma. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção, inclusão, estratégias de intervenção em sala de aula.

The ‘first three years’ movement and the infant brain:a review of critiques

This article reviews a particular aspect of the critique of the increasing focus on the brain and neuroscience; what has been termed by some, 'neuromania'. It engages with the growing literature produced in response to the 'first three years' movement: an alliance of child welfare advocates and politicians that draws on the authority of neuroscience to argue that social problems such as inequality, poverty, educational underachievement, violence and mental illness are best addressed through 'early intervention' programmes to protect or enhance emotional and cognitive aspects of children's brain development. The movement began in the United States in the early 1990s and has become increasingly vocal and influential since then, achieving international legitimacy in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, the UK and elsewhere. The movement, and the brain-based culture of expert-led parent training that has grown with it, has been criticised for claiming scientific authority whilst taking a cavalier approach to scientific method and evidence; for being overly deterministic about the early years of life; for focusing attention on individual parental failings rather than societal or structural problems, for adding to the expanding anxieties of parents and strengthening the intensification of parenting and, ultimately, for redefining the parent-child relationship in biologised, instrumental and dehumanised terms. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Best Practices: Lessons Learned by a South Florida Non-Profit Community Based Organization while Designing and Implementing a Career Exploration Evidence Informed Framework in Urban Communities

All A’s was designed to support of the agency’s family strengthening initiatives in South Florida. All A’s uses evidence informed strategies poised to be an inclusive curriculum that teaches self-determination and adaptive behavior skills. The framework incorporates problem based learning and adult learning theory and follows the Universal Design for Learning. Since 2012, the agency has served over 8500 youth and 4,000 adults using the framework. The framework addresses educational underachievement and career readiness in at risk populations. It is used to enhance participants AWARENESS of setting SMART goals to achieve future goals and career aspirations. Participants are provided with ACCESS to resources and opportunities for creating and implementing an ACTION plan as they pursue and ACHIEVE their goals. All A’s promotes protective factors and expose youth to career pathways in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) related fields. Youth participate in college tours, job site visits, job shadowing, high school visits, online college and career preparation assistance, service learning projects, STEM projects, and the Winning Futures© mentoring program. Adults are assisted with résumé development; learn job search strategies, interview techniques, job shadowing experiences, computer and financial literacy programs. Adults and youth are also given the opportunity to complete industry-recognized certifications in high demand industries (food service, general labor, and construction), and test preparation for the General Educational Development Test.

Educação física e inclusão educacional : entender para atender = Physical education and educational inclusion : understanding to attend

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

The effectiveness of educational practice in diabetic foot: a view from Brazil

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevention and self-inspection behavior of diabetic subjects with foot at ulcer risk, no previous episode, who participated in the routine visits and standardized education provided by the service and who received prescribed footwear. This evaluation was carried out using a questionnaire scoring from 0-10 (high scores reflect worse practice compliance). Results: 60 patients were studied (30 of each sex); mean age was 62 years, mean duration of the disease was 17 years. As for compliance, 90% showed a total score <= 5, only 8.7% regularly wore the footwear supplied; self foot inspection 65%, 28,3% with additional familiar inspection; creaming 77%; proper washing and drying 88%; proper cutting of toe nails 83%; no cuticle cutting 83%; routine shoe inspection 77%; no use of pumice stones or similar abrasive 70%; no barefoot walking 95%. Conclusion: the planned and multidisciplinary educational approach enabled high compliance of the ulcer prevention care needed in diabetic patients at risk for complications. In contrast, compliance observed for the use of footwear provided was extremely low, demonstrating that the issue of its acceptability should be further and carefully addressed. In countries of such vast dimensions as Brazil multidisciplinary educational approaches can and should be performed by the services providing care for patients with foot at risk for complications according to the reality of local scenarios. Furthermore, every educational program should assess the learning, results obtained and efficacy in the target population by use of an adequate evaluation system.

The accuracy of the Clock Drawing Test compared to that of standard screening tests for Alzheimer`s disease: results from a study of Brazilian elderly with heterogeneous educational backgrounds

Background: Although the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is the second most used test in the world for the screening of dementia, there is still debate over its sensitivity specificity, application and interpretation in dementia diagnosis. This study has three main aims: to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the CDT in a sample composed of older adults with Alzheimer`s disease (AD) and normal controls; to compare CDT accuracy to the that of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), and to test whether the association of the MMSE with the CDT leads to higher or comparable accuracy as that reported for the CAMCOG. Methods: Cross-sectional assessment was carried out for 121 AD and 99 elderly controls with heterogeneous educational levels from a geriatric outpatient clinic who completed the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorder of the Elderly (CAMDEX). The CDT was evaluated according to the Shulman, Mendez and Sunderland scales. Results: The CDT showed high sensitivity and specificity. There were significant correlations between the CDT and the MMSE (0.700-0.730; p < 0.001) and between the CDT and the CAMCOG (0.753-0.779; p < 0.001). The combination of the CDT with the MMSE improved sensitivity and specificity (SE = 89.2-90%; SP = 71.7-79.8%). Subgroup analysis indicated that for elderly people with lower education, sensitivity and specificity were both adequate and high. Conclusions: The CDT is a robust screening test when compared with the MMSE or the CAMCOG, independent of the scale used for its interpretation. The combination with the MMSE improves its performance significantly, becoming equivalent to the CAMCOG.

A geometrical approach of 3-D FEA for educational purposes applied to electrostatic fields

A geometrical approach of the finite-element analysis applied to electrostatic fields is presented. This approach is particularly well adapted to teaching Finite Elements in Electrical Engineering courses at undergraduate level. The procedure leads to the same system of algebraic equations as that derived by classical approaches, such as variational principle or weighted residuals for nodal elements with plane symmetry. It is shown that the extension of the original procedure to three dimensions is straightforward, provided the domain be meshed in first-order tetrahedral elements. The element matrices are derived by applying Maxwell`s equations in integral form to suitably chosen surfaces in the finite-element mesh.

Adult language input in the early childhood educational setting

Age-related changes in the adult language addressed to children aged 2;0-4;0 years in polyadic conditions were investigated in Australian childcare centres. The language that 21 staff members addressed to these children was coded for multiple variables in the broad social categories of prosody, context, speech act and gesture. The linguistic components were coded within the categories of phonology, lexicon, morphology, syntax and referential deixis. Minimal age-related differences were found. Explanations for the similarity of the adult language input across the age groups within the early childhood educational environment, will be discussed

Learning for fun: The unique contribution of educational leisure experiences

What do visitors want or expect from an educational leisure activity such as a visit to a museum, zoo, aquarium or other such experience? Is it to learn something or to experience learning? This paper uses the term 'learning for fun' to refer to the phenomenon in which visitors engage in a learning experience because they value and enjoy the process of learning itself. Five propositions regarding the nature of learning for fun are discussed, drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from visitors to a range of educational leisure activities. The commonalities between learning for fun and other theoretical constructs such as 'experience,' 'flow', 'intrinsic motivation', and 'curiosity' are explored. It is concluded that learning for fun is a unique and distinctive offering of educational leisure experiences, with implications for future research and experience design.

Economic , Educational and Conservation Benefits of Sea Turtle Based Ecotourism: A Study Focused on Mon Repos

The study examines the economic, educational and conservation values of sea turtle-based ecotourism in Australia. The centre-piece of this research is a case study undertaken at the Mon Repos Conservation Park located near the town of Bundaberg, Queensland. Each year from mid-November to end of March, thousands of visitors visit Mon Repos Conservation Park to view sea turtles either nesting on the one km stretch of beach or to see hatchlings emerge from their nests and march on to the sea or both. As a result of this activity there are considerable economic benefits to the Bundaberg region during the sea turtle season. The study examines the economic impact of sea turtle viewing at Mon Repos to the region. The study assesses the recreational value of sea turtle viewing. Furthermore, sea turtle-based ecotourism also provides educational and conservation benefits that are important for the protection and conservation of sea turtles, especially in Australia. The study specifies the extent of the educational impact and conservation appreciation of sea turtle viewing at Mon Repos Conservation Park. As a background to the study, Mon Repos visitors’ profile and socio-economic data of visitors are provided. In order to conduct this study, 1,200 survey forms were distributed, out of which 519 usable responses were obtained.

Educational characteristics of students with high or low self-concept

In response to methodological concerns associated with previous research into the educational characteristics of students with high or low self-concept, the topic was re-examined using a significantly more representative sample and a contemporary self-concept measure. From an initial screening of 515 preadolescent, coeducational students in 18 schools, students significantly high or low in self-concept were compared using standardized tests in reading, spelling, and mathematics, and teacher interviews to determine students' academic and nonacademic characteristics. The teachers were not informed of the self-concept status of the students. Compared to students with low self-concept, students with high self-concept were rated by teachers as being more popular, cooperative, and persistent in class, showed greater leadership, were lower in anxiety, had more supportive families, and had higher teacher expectations for their future success. Teachers observed that students with low self-concept were quiet and withdrawn, while peers with high self-concept were talkative and more dominating with peers. Students with lower self-concepts were also lower than their peers in reading, spelling, and mathematical abilities. The findings support the notion that there is an interactive relationship between self-concept and achievement. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.