978 resultados para Educação - mulher


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This paper, Society, woman and education in Graciliano Ramos' novels, is a study object from the history of woman's education in the 1930 s, it is shown as a reading of woman's representation and the configuration of the Brazilian society in that period. São Bernardo, Angustia and Vidas Secas written by Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953) from Alagoas, are used here as sources associated with the reading of the Constitutions, of the Civil Code and of some presidential messages of that decade, also with the texts produced by other scholars that present some relationship within the thematic of this approach. The representation concepts and the configuration are essential for the production of this text. I run over to the configuration concept given by Chartier (1988, p.21) a definition to representation that can be understood as a relationship between a present image and an absent object that having the value of this because it is hamonized with it. I fall back upon the configuration concept given by Elias (1969) that understands it as been a social group performed by an interdependent network that occurs within individuals as a whole joined by any reason. The totality of each individual actions with each other, permeated by tension points and balance, is what characterizes each configuration; it can be a teachers and students meeting in a classroom or a friends' encounter in the bar table, for instance. The attempt of understanding woman's representation, being educated or not, the hole attributed to her in society according to her instruction degree and the way that same society saw this woman guided me through categories that were defined throughout the successive readings: gender, civil status, education, language domain, sexuality, marriage, family, ideal woman. I accomplish this reading that was possible to do - with the pretension of not having lost the relationship between history and literature nor forgotten each one peculiarities

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Climacteric is the name of the period of the human life that it is going from the 40 years old, approximately, until the 65 years old. Though, for besides a biological phase of the woman's life, the climacteric is an object of the social world that is rendered to different apprehensions and readings on the symbolic plan. In this study, it was looked for to know the social representations, that health' professionals acting in the programs of the climacteric and the users of those same services, build in respect of that purpose. Besides, it tried to be seen that the social hegemonic representation that guides the actions and the agents' attitudes in the practices of attendance and education for the woman's health in the climacteric in the extent of the investigated institutions. The data were collected through interviews, questionnaire, focal discussion group and direct observation. The observation field was constituted by the three institutions that develop the attendance and education for the woman's health in the climacteric phase, in the city of Natal. A gender perspective was also been adopted, sought to evidence as the cognitive structures that assure the masculine power reproduction, pronounce to the social representations to build a sense to the investigated purpose. It was verified that the social representations of the climacteric are built mainly around the semantic fields old age and disease. For the health professionals, the meaning of the simbol old age carries the marks of the indentified system of the middle class employed, but also, of the feminine habitus that guides them to have an ethical and aesthetic apprehension of their own body. The climacteric, in that way, is seen as a difficult phase , a painful event that scares . For the women attended by those professionals, the sign old age means feeling emphasis from the biological climacteric aspects, in other words, the sensations and signs that forbid the body to accomplish certain linked basic life functions. Along the whole course of this thesis, it was verified that the climacteric is a complex phenomenon that needs to be faced as such. While cultural phenomenon, it is urgent to look for means to help to combat the centrality of the professional representations that face the climacteric as old age and disease, particularly in the field of health

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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar de que forma a educação oferecida a mulheres do final do século XVIII e início do século XIX pode ter contribuído para a composição de personagens femininas nos romances Razão e sensibilidade (1811) e Orgulho e preconceito (1813), da escritora britânica Jane Austen (1775 1817). O presente trabalho apresenta o pensamento de importantes nomes da literatura, da crítica e teoria literárias, como também da história, como suporte no mapeamento não apenas do que era discutido a respeito do momento e do lugar em que Jane Austen e os romances aqui em tela se inserem, mas principalmente acerca da educação feminina

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No pós-guerra iniciou-se um processo de internalização política dos direitos fundamentais das mulheres com base na Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, (10 de dezembro de 1948), onde são enaltecidos direitos e valores como a Liberdade e a Igualdade. A adoção da Declaração por parte de países democráticos, como o caso de Portugal, conduziu ao exercício de cidadania plena, independentemente do género, da raça e da religião. Assim, a não discriminação tornou-se um princípio a aplicar nas esferas familiares, públicas e laborais. Tal significa, por exemplo, partilha de tarefas domésticas entre homens e mulheres, participação na vida comunitária e iguais oportunidades laborais. Mas foram superadas as discriminações? Que se passa a nível laboral? A presente dissertação resulta de uma investigação sobre a situação laboral das mulheres em serviços onde constitucionalmente usufruem dos mesmos direitos que os seus colegas homens. Incide sobre os serviços públicos, privados e empresas de Ponte de Sor e tem por referencial o III Plano Nacional para a Igualdade de Cidadania e Género (2007/2010), cuja principal linha orientadora é "o aprofundamento de atividade política e de realidade social (gendermainstreaming)" (2007, p.l5). Com a realização deste estudo concretizámos um trabalho constituído por 3 capítulos, onde se constata que “No Caminho da Cidadania..." é um processo lento. No primeiro capítulo procurou-se abordar a origem histórica do conceito de cidadania e no capítulo segundo tratou­ se da relação da mulher com o trabalho e o poder. O terceiro capítulo, e último, dá conta dos resultados de questionários realizados em Ponte de Sor, nos serviços públicos e privados, e empresas. A conclusão revela a perplexidade causada pela quase indiferença em relação às questões de género nos Serviços questionados em Ponte de Sor. SUMMARY: After World War I began a process of political antinationalization of the women fundamental rights based on the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights, (1Oth December 1948), where rights and values like liberty and equality are exalted. The adoption of the Declaration by the democratically countries, like Portugal, leaded to the execution of full citizenship, independently of gender, race and religion. Therefore, nondiscrimination became a principle to apply in the family, public and labor spheres. This means, for example, share of domestic tasks between men and women, participation in the communal life, and equal opportunities of labor. But were the discriminations surpassed? What is going on the labor level This dissertation results from an inquiry about the labor situation of women in service where constitutionally make uses of the same rights as their colleague’s men. It reflects on the public, private and companies of Ponte de Sor which has for yardstick the III National Plan for Equality of Citizenship and Gender (2007/2010), whose mainline adviser is "the political activity and the social reality deepening (gender mainstreaming)" (2007, p.15). Through this study we fixed a work constituted by three chapters, where it established that "On the Path of Citizenship ..." is a slow process. ln the first chapter tried to broach the historical origin of the concept of citizenship and in the second paragraph was approached the relation of women with labor and power. The third, and last, chapter tries to show the results of questionnaires carried out in Ponte de Sor, in the public, private services and companies. The conclusion reveals the perplexity caused by the barely indifference regarding the questions of genre in the Services questioned in Ponte de Sor.

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Este texto diz sobre diferentes imagens do corpo da mulher. Diz, mais particularmente, sobre as práticas corporais e esportivas e a visibilidade do corpo feminino no início deste século. Diz de algumas modificações políticas, econômicas e culturais da sociedade brasileira deste tempo, cujas conseqüências, ao mesmo tempo que possibilitam a exibição do corpo feminino promovem, também, estratégias para seu ocultamento. Diz sobre três temas específicos: beleza, maternidade e feminilidade. Essa pesquisa busca mostras imagens da mulher presentes no primeiro periódico específico da Educação Física - a Revista Educação Física - publicada entre 1932 e 1945.

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This present work has the aim of reconstruct the biographical profile and the practices of the professor and journalist Julia Medeiros in the county of Caico, State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the 1920 s and 1930 s, justified by the visibility of this professor during the construction of the lettered society from the mentioned State and the participation in potiguar press. How were the women and educator s representations in the 1920 s and 1930 s ? With the aim to get answers, I use as sources, the Public Archive of Rio Grande do Norte and the Geographical and Historical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, the newspaper of that time, as the available issues of Jornal das Moças (1923-1932), magazines, letters, pictures, and interviews with relatives, ex-students and friends of this intellectual woman. It was noticed that she stood out as a professor at School Group of Senador Guerra and as a journalist, sending opinions about everyday life. With this analysis, it configures, in part, her time and the history of education in Rio Grande do Norte, with the participation of teachers. Despite of her importance during the construction of education and citizenship of women, Julia Medeiros lived the two sides of the same coin: visibilty and anonymity

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Lima Barreto has built an educational conception of women in his fictional productions despite nuances inciting scholars to debate his writings and label him as misogynist and philogynist. Thus, the objective of this study is to comprehend, through signs present in his literary works, how women used to be educated in early twentieth century to accomplish the historical differences in gender relations. The main reason for this extract is the periodicity of his publications that started in 1900 by means of chronicles in newspapers and ended in 1922 after his death. For this, we identified codes and rules forged in the social processes to be assimilated by children through diverse institutions, aiming to incite the production of behaviors and social practices represented by the existence men and women in an ever changing society. Gender relations are analyzed within a society for their configuration concept by Nobert Elias (1970) as interdependence bonds among individuals. An investigative method proposed by Ginzburg (1989) was the most adequate to conduct the research on the work of Lima Barreto because it enables us to reconstruct the education concept for women. The dramas and novels analyzed point out the construction of categories such as women education, family, love and seduction revealing the engagement of Lima Barreto with the social problems of the period investigated. It was concluded that gender differentiation has come from family education which kept men and women in opposing sides giving them a marriage perspective that, after consummated, would bring frustration to women causing them to adopt confronting practices against domination strategies through celibacy or adultery. This research constitutes a reflection based on determined representations like justice, respect and duties that were the ideas defended by Lima Barreto in his writings, concerning both broader situations in social life and particular gender relations

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The present work has the intention to analyze the contribution of the writer and journalist Palmyra Guimarães Wanderley to the education, throughout her writings in the period between 1914 to 1920. I search through her journalist writings produced in the feminine magazine Via Láctea (1914-1915) her idealization, and as in the newspaper A República e Diário de Natal, in the decade of 1920 establishing relationships with education, mostly because of her production in the pages of the paper articles regarding feminine education and women condition. At the same time I sketch the biographic profile of Palmyra Wanderley relating her to the historical moment that she lived. To achieve the proposed goals I begin with a documental research within the available archives and use other sources like pictures and interviews with her relatives. The results of the research show that the worry of Palmira Wanderley with the education in our state, goes beyond her published writings in magazines and newspapers. She has been ahead of Escola de Comércio Feminino and Aliança Feminina, she has also done a conference in the House of the Young Single Ladies' Protection (Casa de Proteção às Moças Solteiras), institution of the Aliança s responsibility that offered shelter, food, formal and religious education to the workers of the Fabric Factory of Natal (Fábrica Tecidos de Natal). Her involvement evidences her contribution to the historiography of the education in Rio Grande do Norte, specially the history of women education ensuring her presence in the day by day history

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This paper treats confessional printings as a non formal space for the female education. It reflects on the importance of the woman s role to the diffusion of Protestantism in general, and its Presbyterian trend in particular, besides commenting on the proliferation of printings at the First Republic and its relation with education. In this study, Brazilian Northeastern is seen as a relevant space to the diffusion of Protestantism in Brazil; especially on what concerns the relations between Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco. Thereby some fountains were fundamental, as the confessional printings, that is, newspapers, magazines, prospects and other materials recollected in archives located in Natal/RN and Recife/PE, and São Paulo. It was also provided a brief incursion on Portuguese confessional printings kept in Oporto, PT. New Cultural History was chosen as theoretic-methodological guide, franchising ways inside the history of book and reading with the help of concepts like Interdependence, Social Configuration (ELIAS, 1993, 1994) and Representation (CHARTIER, 1990), considering that the survey worked out culture-manufactured products that is, intentional materials. It is well known that publishing, or better, the dissemination of printed material used to be associated to Protestants missionary practices since Reform began and, as what concerns the investigated period, in Portuguese and Brazilian lands indistinctly. Printing material in general books, booklets, fragments, as well as the press itself played a central role in divulging reformed ideas, their social options and the means of being and intervening in the world. In this regard, the confessional printings established themselves as an educative, although non schooled, informal space, but, all considered, relevant, seen that they dialogue with another important demand of that social group: formal, literate education. Because it dealt with the diffusion of a printed culture supported by the written word, it required of that group a different modus operandi: formal education. The first letters schools at first, then the high schools later represented spaces established for the circulation of printing material in order that they should be read, divulged and comprehended. This survey intends at last to take a look at Protestantism which, in this context of self-affirmation, reserved a specific place to woman by working out a non formal educational proposal disseminated by printing material. Three models were highlighted in the reformed proposal: Christian education in itself, household education, whose references of motherhood and care towards the neighbor were present and, at last, education to the public space, with emphasis on the practice of teaching. This study also offers a brief dialogue between Brazil and Portugal because, when some periodic printing, book or something like that got to be published in one margin of the Atlantic Ocean, the other margin surely was affected by that feat, received it, divulged it, corroborating the argument in support of the circulation of these printings. It was not only the same language that survived in both maritime coasts; some protestant specificities also crossed out along that sea

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

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A presente pesquisa buscou identificar através de um estudo teórico e bibliográfico a construção da identidade de gênero - mulher - a partir de uma perspectiva da educação. O trabalho apoiou-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, com base em leituras de cunho acadêmico, que trouxeram e problematizaram o tema mulher, gênero e suas sexualidades. Para isso, fez-se a análise e compreensão de resumos de 10 (dez) teses do doutorado e 10 (dez) dissertações de mestrado retiradas do banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES -, nas quais foram defendidas nos últimos dez anos, no estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, após as averiguações das teses e dissertações, foi constatado a relação da educação para com o gênero feminino, assim como a construção dessa relação, quais são as complicações, implicações, e a importância da mulher na sociedade. Apesar dos avanços da inserção das mulheres na sociedade, ainda existem barreiras a serem ultrapassadas. Os estudos comprovam que apesar da crescente visibilidade do gênero feminino no mercado de trabalho, nas instituições escolares e em sua conquista na independência, casos de violência, baixo salário comparado aos homens, preconceito, misoginia e estereótipos, ainda estão vigentes atualmente. Quanto à educação, percebe-se que ainda há uma forte desvalorização para com a mulher, deixando-as de lado, minimizando o trabalho desenvolvido nas escolas, rebaixamento em conhecimentos acadêmicos da área de exatas e, ainda, uma forte luta para a conquista de direitos negados

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Traz um relato do trabalho desenvolvido pela Comissão Especial destinada ao estudo das medidas legislativas que visem implementar, no Brasil, as decisões da IV Conferência Mundial da Mulher.

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Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar as concepções teóricas e práticas docentes de enfermagem no cuidado à saúde da mulher a partir da ideia de integralidade e discutir as estratégias utilizadas pelos docentes para inserir o conteúdo da integralidade no ensino de enfermagem na saúde da mulher. A política atual de atenção integral à saúde da mulher propõe a incorporação do princípio da integralidade como eixo norteador que articule o mundo do ensino ao mundo do trabalho e da realidade social. Neste contexto, muitos sentidos se combinam e se conflitam na formação da ideia de integralidade no cuidado à saúde da mulher. A metodologia envolveu a abordagem qualitativa realizada nas Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro que oferecem o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Utilizou-se como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista com dezessete docentes de enfermagem da área de saúde da mulher de acordo com os critérios de inclusão selecionados pela pesquisa. Da análise do material produzido surgiram quatro categorias, a saber: Concepções de integralidade no cuidado à saúde da mulher; Integralidade do cuidado no ensino da saúde da mulher; Estratégias utilizadas para inserir a integralidade no ensino de enfermagem na saúde da mulher; Dificuldades para implantar a integralidade no cuidado à saúde da mulher. Identificou-se que foram muitos os avanços do Sistema Único de Saúde na última década. Contudo, no que diz respeito à sua consolidação como sistema público de saúde, ainda estamos diante de grandes desafios, entre os quais se destaca o relativo à incorporação efetiva dos princípios e valores do SUS nos processos de trabalho, bem como nos processos formativos para a enfermagem na área da saúde da mulher. Desta maneira, faz-se necessário construir novas formas de trabalhar melhor com a assistência, perceber como efetivas as políticas publicas na área da saúde da mulher, considerando as necessidades e demandas locorregionais no país. É evidente a dificuldade em seguir os princípios aqui defendidos, porém a integralidade no cuidado à saúde da mulher, só será possível quando houver compromisso ético com as ações e relações necessárias para sua efetivação.

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O estudo investiga as dinâmicas que orientam as interações entre homossexuais e bissexuais femininas no ambiente escolar, analisando no âmbito da escola aspectos de vulnerabilidade e de potencialidades das ações educativas relacionadas à homossexualidade humana, em especial, a lesbianidade. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e tem como procedimento metodológico a realização de grupos focais com educandas de turmas do ensino médio do curso de formação de professores do ensino público. Foram realizados três grupos focais com a participação de vinte e uma adolescentes do sexo feminino e, desses grupos, foram analisados os relatos das sete jovens com experiências de vida mais significativas para as temáticas de interesse deste estudo. Conclui-se que há uma grande resistência por parte de educadores em discutir as questões da sexualidade com seus alunos, assim como por parte dos pais com relação a seus filhos. As jovens mencionaram vivenciar freqüentemente experiências de discriminação pelo fato de serem homoafetivas. É possível compreender este fenômeno a luz do preconceito e do machismo existentes nas sociedades heteronormativas que finda por dificultar o diálogo quando se pretende tratar das questões voltadas às diferentes orientações sexuais na família e no ambiente escolar.

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Tese de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Educação Intercultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2010