The Rise and Decline of the East German Economy, 1949-1989.

Why do some organizations decline while other do not? to study this issue , we introduce technological change into a theory of agency proposed by Laffont and Tirole. We show that the optimal organizational form for production depends on the estent of scale ecoomies and on the cost of monitoring workers. When the discrepancy between ideal and actual forms becomes too great, an organization's viability is threatened. We test this structuralist hypothesis for East and west Gemany over the 1949-1989 period. east Germany's relative decline is explained by an institutional structure the proved incompatible with technological change favoring smaller, flatter organizations.

‘Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 70s and 80s: Findings in the East German Archives’

This article draws on Warsaw Treaty Organisation and East German military archives to demonstrate that the WTO's military exercises until the mid-1990s always envisaged an offensive strategy with the aim of reaching the Channel in a few days. Only gradually did this change under Gorbachev and to include also defensive strategies, very much against the opposition of East Germany.

Niemiecki sieci na wschodzie. Niemiecki soft power w Europie Wschodniej, Azji Centralnej i na Kaukazie Południowym: polityka – administracja – kultura – nauka – społeczenstwo. OSW Raport, wrzesien 2010. = German networks in the east. German soft power in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and South Caucasus policy - administration - culture - science - the society of. CES Report, September 2010

Do realizacji niemieckich interesów w polityce zagranicznej, bezpieczeństwa i gospodarczej RFN wykorzystuje instrumenty soft power z obszaru dyplomacji publicznej, polityki rozwojowej, kulturalnej i naukowej. Budowanie sieci kontaktów i lobbing polityczny, programy współpracy rozwojowej oraz zagranicznej polityki kulturalnej i naukowej, mają służyć wspieraniu niemieckiej gospodarki uzależnionej od eksportu, uzyskaniu statusu europejskiego ośrodka technologii i innowacji oraz zwiększeniu wpływu RFN na działania zewnętrzne UE. Jednym z priorytetowych obszarów stosowania tych instrumentów są dla Niemiec państwa Europy Wschodniej, Kaukazu Południowego i Azji Centralnej. Decydują o tym bliskość geograficzna i otwierające się rynki zbytu, konieczność modernizacji gospodarek tych krajów, zagrożenia dla „miękkiego” bezpieczeństwa RFN oraz rozwój relacji UE z tymi państwami. Niemiecka aktywność jest w tych krajach niezależna od sytuacji politycznej i stanowi długofalową strategię ugruntowującą pozycję RFN jako ich najważniejszego europejskiego partnera gospodarczego i politycznego.

The Fall of the East German Birth Rate After Unification: Crisis or Means of Adaptation? CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 05.6, 26 June 1995

Since the fall of the Wall, Eastern Germans have drastically changed their demographic behavior. Marriages and births have dropped to an unprecedented low level. Our paper tracks birth rates of the East German population, past, present, and future. We propose a simulation model of future cohort fertility. The hypotheses we develop build on the historical record of reproductive behavior in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) since 1960 and on an analysis of the pattern of change between 1990 and 1994. The particular emphasis lies in the assumption that East German couples will rapidly westernize their family size by trying to reach completed fertility levels of the corresponding West German cohort. This implies that the resulting adaptation process includes the postunification crisis as a logical first step.

A history of German literature as determined by social forces, [being the 4th ed. (enl.) of the author's Social forces in German literature]:

"Twelfth impression."

History of German literature,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Holy Roman Empire in German literature.

Bibliography: p. 132-143.

The German classics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries : masterpieces of German literature, translated into English /

Chief of the board of translators: Isidore Singer. Cf. "Editorial organization".

Dante Gabriel Rossetti and German literature : a public lecture delivered in Hilary term, 1912, at the Taylor Institution, Oxford /

Mode of access: Internet.

Passages in prose and verse from German literature of the nineteenth century, 1800 to 1870,

Mode of access: Internet.

Characteristics of Goethe. From the German of Falk, von Müller, etc., with notes, original and translated, illustrative of German literature,

Mode of access: Internet.

A manual of German literature, containing classical specimens of German prose and poetry, systematically arranged.

Mode of access: Internet.

German literature pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets.