Sobre a natureza dos processos físicos de aquecimento da atmosfera de estrelas do tipo solar

In the present work, we have studied the nature of the physical processes of the coronal heating, considering as basis significant samples of single and binary evolved stars, that have been achieved with the ROSAT satellite. In a total of 191 simple stars were studied, classified in the literature as giants with spectral type F, G and K. The results were compared with those obtained from 106 evolved stars of spectral type F, G and K, which belong to the spectroscopic binary systems. Accurate measurements on rotation and information about binarity were obtained from De Medeiros s catalog. We have analysed the behavior of the coronal activity in function of diverse stellar parameters. With the purpose to better clarify the profile of the stars evolution, the HR diagram was built for the two samples of stars, the single and the binary ones. The evolved traces added in the diagram were obtained from the Toulouse-Geneve code, Nascimento et al. (2000). The stars were segregated in this diagram not only in range of rotational speed but also in range of X-ray flux. Our analysis shows clearly that the single stars and the binary ones have coronal activity controlled by physical process independent on the rotation. Non magnetic processes seem to be strongly influencing the coronal heating. For the binary stars, we have also studied the behavior of the coronal emission as a function of orbital parameters, such as period and eccentricity, in which it was revealed the existence of a discontinuity in the emission of X-rays around an orbital period of 100 days. The study helped to conclude that circular orbits of the binary stars are presented as a necessary property for the existence of a higher level ofX-rays emission, suggesting that the effect of the gravitational tide has an important role in the coronal activity level. When applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS test ) for the Vsini and FX parameters to the samples of single and binary stars, we could evidence very relevant aspects for the understanding of the mechanisms inherent to the coronal activity. For the Vsini parameter, the differences between the single stars and the binary ones for rotation over 6.3 km/s were really remarkable. We believe, therefore, that the existence of gravitational tide is, at least, one of the factors that most contribute for this behavior. About the X-rays flux, the KS test showed that the behavior of the single and the binary stars, regarding the coronal activity, comes from the same origin

Dinâmica do sistema binário Plutão-Caronte

Pós-graduação em Física - FEG

Time lags of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in the low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1608−52 and 4U 1636−53

We studied the energy and frequency dependence of the Fourier time lags and intrinsic coherence of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in the neutron-star lowmass X-ray binaries 4U 1608−52 and 4U 1636−53, using a large data set obtained with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We confirmed that, in both sources, the time lags of the lower kHz QPO are soft and their magnitude increases with energy. We also found that: (i) In 4U 1636−53, the soft lags of the lower kHz QPO remain constant at∼30 μs in the QPO frequency range 500–850 Hz, and decrease to ∼10 μs when the QPO frequency increases further. In 4U 1608−52, the soft lags of the lower kHz QPO remain constant at 40 μs up to 800 Hz, the highest frequency reached by this QPO in our data. (ii) In both sources, the time lags of the upper kHz QPO are hard, independent of energy or frequency and inconsistent with the soft lags of the lower kHz QPO. (iii) In both sources the intrinsic coherence of the lower kHz QPO remains constant at ∼0.6 between 5 and 12 keV, and drops to zero above that energy. The intrinsic coherence of the upper kHz QPO is consistent with being zero across the full energy range. (iv) In 4U 1636−53, the intrinsic coherence of the lower kHz QPO increases from ∼0 at ∼600 Hz to ∼1, and it decreases to ∼0.5 at 920 Hz; in 4U 1608−52, the intrinsic coherence is consistent with the same trend. (v) In both sources the intrinsic coherence of the upper kHz QPO is consistent with zero over the full frequency range of the QPO, except in 4U 1636−53 between 700 and 900 Hz where the intrinsic coherence marginally increases. We discuss our results in the context of scenarios in which the soft lags are either due to reflection off the accretion disc or up-/down-scattering in a hot medium close to the neutron star. We finally explore the connection between, on one hand the time lags and the intrinsic coherence of the kHz QPOs, and on the other the QPOs’ amplitude and quality factor in these two sources.

Stability and dynamics of terrestrial planets in binary star systems: application on Alpha Centauri

Binary stars are frequent in the universe, with about 50% of the known main sequence stars being located at a multiple star system (Abt, 1979). Even though, they are universally thought as second rate sites for the location of exo-planets and the habitable zone, due to the difficulties of detection and high perturbation that could prevent planet formation and long term stability. In this work we show that planets in binary star systems can have regular orbits and remain on the habitable zone. We introduce a stability criterium based on the solution of the restricted three body problem and apply it to describe the short period planar and three-dimentional stability zones of S-type orbits around each star of the Alpha Centauri system. We develop as well a semi-analytical secular model to study the long term dynamics of fictional planets in the habitable zone of those stars and we verify that planets on the habitable zone would be in regular orbits with any eccentricity and with inclination to the binary orbital plane up until 35 degrees. We show as well that the short period oscillations on the semi-major axis is 100 times greater than the Earth's, but at all the time the planet would still be found inside the Habitable zone.

A evolução do lítio em estrelas do tipo-solar através do diagrama HR

Important advances have been made along the last decade in the study of the lithium behavior in solar-type stars. Among the most important discoveries what attracts attention is that the distribution of lithium abundance in the late F-type giant stars tends to be discontinuous, at the same time of a sudden decline in rotation and a gradual decline according to the temperature for giant red stars of such spectral type. Other studies have also shown that synchronized binary systems with evolved components seem to keep more of their original lithium than the unsynchronized systems. evertheless, the connection between rotation and lithium abundance as well as the role of tidal effects on lithium dilution seem to be more complicated matters, depending on mass, metallicity and age. This work brings an unprecedented study about the behavior of lithium abundance in solartype evolved stars based on an unique sample of 1067 subgiant, giant and supergiant stars, 236 of them presenting spectroscopic binary characteristics, with precise lithium abundance and projected rotational speed. Now the lithium-rotation connection for single and binary evolved stars is analyzed taking into account the role of mass and stellar age

Rotação diferencial em estrelas do tipo solar

Stellar differential rotation is an important key to understand hydromagnetic stellar dynamos, instabilities, and transport processes in stellar interiors as well as for a better treatment of tides in close binary and star-planet systems. The space-borne high-precision photometry with MOST, CoRoT, and Kepler has provided large and homogeneous datasets. This allows, for the first time, the study of differential rotation statistically robust samples covering almost all stages of stellar evolution. In this sense, we introduce a method to measure a lower limit to the amplitude of surface differential rotation from high-precision evenly sampled photometric time series such as those obtained by space-borne telescopes. It is designed for application to main-sequence late-type stars whose optical flux modulation is dominated by starspots. An autocorrelation of the time series is used to select stars that allow an accurate determination of spot rotation periods. A simple two-spot model is applied together with a Bayesian Information Criterion to preliminarily select intervals of the time series showing evidence of differential rotation with starspots of almost constant area. Finally, the significance of the differential rotation detection and a measurement of its amplitude and uncertainty are obtained by an a posteriori Bayesian analysis based on a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (hereafter MCMC) approach. We apply our method to the Sun and eight other stars for which previous spot modelling has been performed to compare our results with previous ones. The selected stars are of spectral type F, G and K. Among the main results of this work, We find that autocorrelation is a simple method for selecting stars with a coherent rotational signal that is a prerequisite to a successful measurement of differential rotation through spot modelling. For a proper MCMC analysis, it is necessary to take into account the strong correlations among different parameters that exists in spot modelling. For the planethosting star Kepler-30, we derive a lower limit to the relative amplitude of the differential rotation. We confirm that the Sun as a star in the optical passband is not suitable for a measurement of the differential rotation owing to the rapid evolution of its photospheric active regions. In general, our method performs well in comparison with more sophisticated procedures used until now in the study of stellar differential rotation

Busca por excesso no infravermelho médio em estrelas evoluídas com fotometria WISE e 2MASS

Debris discs are commonly detected orbiting main-sequence stars, but little is known regarding their fate as stars evolve along subgiant and giant stages. Jones (2008) has found strong evidence on the presence of mid-IR excess in G and K stars of luminosity class III, using photometric data from the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and GLIMPSE catalogues. While the origin of these excesses remains uncertain, it is plausible that they arise from debris discs around these stars. The present study brings an unprecedent survey in the search for mid-IR excess among single and binary F, G and K-type evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib. For this study, we use WISE and 2MASS photometric data for a sample of 3000 evolved stars, complete up to visual magnitude of 6.5. As major results, we found that the frequency of evolved stars showing mid-IR WISE excess increases from the luminosity classes IV and III to luminosity classes II and Ib. In addition, there is no clear difference between the presence of IR excess in binary and single stars for all the analyzed luminosity classes.

Busca por excesso no infravermelho médio em estrelas evoluídas com fotometria WISE e 2MASS

Debris discs are commonly detected orbiting main-sequence stars, but little is known regarding their fate as stars evolve along subgiant and giant stages. Jones (2008) has found strong evidence on the presence of mid-IR excess in G and K stars of luminosity class III, using photometric data from the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and GLIMPSE catalogues. While the origin of these excesses remains uncertain, it is plausible that they arise from debris discs around these stars. The present study brings an unprecedent survey in the search for mid-IR excess among single and binary F, G and K-type evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib. For this study, we use WISE and 2MASS photometric data for a sample of 3000 evolved stars, complete up to visual magnitude of 6.5. As major results, we found that the frequency of evolved stars showing mid-IR WISE excess increases from the luminosity classes IV and III to luminosity classes II and Ib. In addition, there is no clear difference between the presence of IR excess in binary and single stars for all the analyzed luminosity classes.

Estrelas dantescas nas galáxias de Haroldo de Campos

Uma constante no trabalho plural de Haroldo de Campos é o apreço pela intertextualidade. Em um percurso que toca as mais distantes e distintas galáxias, destacamos uma constelação: quatro textos literários (Finismundo: a última viagem, Signância quase céu, Galáxias e A máquina do mundo repensada) que entram em diálogo com a Commedia, de Dante Alighieri, e uma tradução de Haroldo de seis cantos do paraíso. Desdobrando o interesse de Haroldo de Campos pelo concreto da obra, partimos de algumas soluções formais dos textos em questão para pensar a experiência estética e a diferença entre as visões de mundo das obras comparadas.O estudo da Commedia permite perceber configurações formais que aproximam o leitor da experiência mística da personagem ao apresentá-la como experiência estética. O interesse de Haroldo de Campos está no potencial estético da obra de Dante. Confrontando o texto do poeta italiano com a tradução e com os quatro poemas citados acima, mostramos as semelhanças e diferenças dos processos de tradução e mimesis nas diversas metamorfoses pelas quais a Commedia passa nas criações de Haroldo de Campos

A utilização de sistemas solares térmicos nas unidades hoteleiras de 3 estrelas do Algarve

A região do Algarve é uma das regiões da União Europeia com maior potencialidade no aproveitamento da energia solar nomeadamente através da utilização de sistemas solares térmicos para aquecimento de água. A tecnologia utilizada nestes sistemas é relativamente simples e bem conhecida mas infelizmente verifica-se que, por diversas razões, nem sempre é aplicada. A alternativa, é a utilização de sistemas de aquecimento de água que utilizam combustíveis fósseis, quer de forma directa, como por exemplo através da queima de um combustível (gasóleo, gás propano, etc), ou de forma indirecta, através da electricidade. A utilização de combustíveis fósseis esta na origem de um dos maiores problemas ambientais da nossa época, o aquecimento global. Além disso, dependendo do tipo de combustível e da

Modos r de oscilação em estrelas de neutrões

Tese dout., Física - Astrofísica, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

O património gastronómico regional enquanto fator de valorização da experiência turística: o caso da indústria hoteleira de cinco estrelas no Algarve

Dissertação de mest., Turismo e Culturas Urbanas, Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo, Univ. do Algarve, 2013

Liderança e bem-estar: o caso da hotelaria de cinco estrelas no Algarve

Esta investigação teve como objetivo compreender e descrever o bem-estar na hotelaria de cinco estrelas através da ação das chefias promotoras de bem-estar. Foi analisado o conceito de liderança, entendido como um processo de influência social mútuo entre líder e liderado, considerado como um fenómeno transversal às organizações humanas, construído no seio do grupo numa dinâmica relacional e num diálogo permanente entre génese e estrutura, ação e investigação. Foi igualmente analisado o conceito de bem-estar entendido como um constructo subjetivo multidisciplinar complexo percecionado pelo indivíduo, segundo critérios padronizados e avaliados somente por este, que integra uma componente cognitiva e uma componente afetiva, constituindo um fenómeno social estudado ao nível do indivíduo e da organização. Foram descritas as teorias da liderança e do bem-estar contemporâneas, apresentadas e desenvolvidas numa perspetiva de evolução histórica e de contributo mútuo para o enriquecimento da relevância social dos indivíduos nas organizações, salientando-se as teorias da liderança cujo quadro teórico nos leva à compreensão do objetivo da investigação, bem como as teorias da motivação e espiritualidade no trabalho. Por forma a diferenciar as perceções que os colaboradores apresentam dos chefes que promovem e dos que não promovem o bem-estar, foi utilizada a teoria dos constructos de George Kelly possibilitando a utilização de um questionário administrado a colaboradores de seis hotéis de cinco estrelas no Algarve. Foram validados para análise estatística 439 questionários e realizadas 33 entrevistas a chefias promotoras e não promotoras de bem-estar, tratadas por análise de conteúdo tendo em conta a obtenção da objetividade necessária para a interpretação do discurso das chefias retendo as principais diferenças entre os dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram que a liderança promotora de bem-estar se constrói em torno de duas dimensões – competências relacionais e competências da tarefa. As entrevistas às chefias comprovaram estes resultados na medida em que ficou demonstrado que as chefias promotoras de bem-estar e não promotoras de bem-estar apresentam diferenças significativas quanto à forma como constroem e desempenham o seu papel. Este trabalho contribuiu para a compreensão da liderança e do bem-estar na hotelaria de cinco estrelas, mostrando que a liderança promotora de bem-estar é um processo interpessoal, de transparência relacional e influência organizacional, orientado para o desempenho organizacional focalizado no autodesenvolvimento dos colaboradores.

Vloguers brasileiros e portugueses: sobre o que vlogam as principais estrelas da internet

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

Avaliação dos sítios dos hotéis de 4 e 5 estrelas da cidade de Lisboa

O uso da internet é cada vez mais comum. A inovação neste ramo da tecnologia é vertiginosa surgindo, dia após dia, novos componentes, com novas características. A internet teve o crescimento mais rápido da história e a sua taxa de penetração não se compara com a de qualquer outro meio de comunicação. Paralelamente a esta evolução ocorre a evolução dos mercados e o mercado turístico não é excepção, sendo o crescimento da importância do comércio electrónico através da internet, um dos factores dessa evolução. Também para a hotelaria os sítios são hoje em dia uma importante ferramenta de promoção e vendas. Neste artigo, elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Gestão Hoteleira, do 1º Ciclo em Turismo, da Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias é apresentada uma avaliação dos sítios dos hotéis de 4 e 5 estrelas, da cidade de Lisboa realizada através de um modelo de observação directa concebido pelos Autores. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a necessidade de os hotéis estudados melhorarem a performance dos respectivos sítios de forma a melhor explorarem as potencialidades destes, enquanto uma ferramenta de marketing.