The Crowned Solitary-eagle Harpyhaliaetus coronatus (Accipitridae) in the cerrado of Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina, southeast Brazil.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anura, Estacao Ecologica de Jatai, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil.

The Estacao Ecologica de Jata comprises one of the largest mesophytic semideciduous forest and savanna remnants in the state of São Paulo. However, anuran surveys on this site have not been registered in the literature. As result of an exploratory survey conducted in water bodies in the mesophytic semideciduous forest and surroundings in December 2006, we recorded 21 anuran species belonging to five families and 10 genera. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the anuran fauna associated to the mesophytic semideciduous forest of São Paulo state, Brazil.

Population size of threatened and endemic birds of the Cerrado in Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina, a fragmented area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

The pressures for land use change have led to an increasing isolation of habitat remnants throughout the world. The goal of this study was to estimate the population size and density of some endemic and threatened species in a nature reserve in the Cerrado biome. One hundred and thirty four point transects were undertaken at the Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina (EEI), one of the last natural grassland savannah remnants in Sao Paulo state, in the south-east of Brazil between September and December 2006 and densities estimated for seven species (four endemic to the Cerrado, one near-endemic and two grassland specialists). Neither species reached the minimum viable population size of 500-5000 individuals. Four species, White-banded Tanager, White-rumped Tanager, Black-throated Saltator and Sharp-tailed Tyrant have populations ranging from 112 to 248 individuals, while the other species have a low population (< 60 individuals). The mean densities of Sharp-tailed Tyrant and Cock-tailed Tyrant in the EEI grassland showed similar values to those observed in larger areas of the Cerrado, which may indicate that the EEL grassland area is well conserved. In spite of the restricted size of the EEI, small areas can maintain some endemic and threatened bird populations, thus contributing to local biodiversity and the ecological processes in the region. The capacity of fragments of Cerrado (similar to 2,000 ha) to maintain populations of endemic and threatened bird species is unlikely to be effective in the long term.

Can Roads Be Used as Transects for Primate Population Surveys?

Line transect distance sampling (LTDS) can be applied to either trails or roads. However, it is likely that sampling along roads might result in biased density estimates. In this paper, we compared the results obtained with LTDS applied on trails and roads for two primate species (Callithrix penicillata and Callicebus nigrifrons) to clarify whether roads are appropriate transects to estimate densities. We performed standard LTDS surveys in two nature reserves in south-eastern Brazil. Effective strip width and population density were different between trails and roads for C. penicillata, but not for C. nigrifrons. The results suggest that roads are not appropriate for use as transects in primate surveys, at least for some species. Further work is required to fully understand this issue, but in the meantime we recommend that researchers avoid using roads as transects or treat roads and trails as covariates when sampling on roads is unavoidable. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Trap-nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in forest fragments of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

We studied the community ecology of trap-nesting bees in two forest fragments of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, during two years, utilizing bamboo canes and tubes made of black cardboard as trap nests. The traps were inspected once a month with an otoscope. One hundred and fifteen nests were obtained at Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria, Paulo de Faria (EEPF). These included nine species belonging to five genera and two families. At Santa Cecilia Farm (SCF), 12 species belonging to seven genera and three families built 392 nests. Natural enemies reared from nests of both areas included Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera. Species richness was similar between the areas but the communities differed considerably in species composition. The higher diversity found at EEPF was due to more even distribution of the species. No difference was observed between the numbers of nests built in each year in each area. Although the species richness was lower in the cool/dry season of both years at SCF, and in the first year at EEPF, the nesting frequencies did not differ between seasons for both the overall community but for each of the most abundant species. No annual fluctuation in the frequencies of nesting was observed. As temperature and precipitation were not found to be significantly different between the two years of study in each area, we concluded that climatic stability resulted in population stability.

A new species of the lizard genus Bachia (Squamata : Gymnophthalmidae) from the Cerrados of Central Brazil

A new species of Bachia of the bresslaui group, is described from Estacao Ecologica Serra Geral do Tocantins, a recently created protected area in the Central Brazilian Cerrados of state of Tocantins. The new species is most similar to Bachia psamophila from which it differs in limb morphology and head and body scalation. As in Bachia psamophila the shovel-shaped snout of the new species is highly prominent, an adaptation related to its psamophilous habits.

Reproductive biology of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura, Hylidae) in south-eastern Brazil

The present study describes the reproductive biology of Scinax fuscomarginatus in a remnant of Cerrado in south-eastern Brazil. Observations were made between September 2002 and March 2004 at Estacao Ecologica de Itirapina, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil. Breeding activities occurred in lentic and temporary bodies of water during the rainy season. Scinax fuscomarginatus exhibited a prolonged breeding pattern and a lek mating system. Males were smaller than females and defended individual calling areas through acoustic and physical interactions. Resident males consistently won encounters, but did not differ in size or mass from intruder males. Satellite behaviour was observed, but no female or amplected pair interception was registered. Scinax fuscomarginatus exhibited low operational sex ratios and the general reproductive mode in which eggs are laid in the water and tadpoles are aquatic. Amplexus was axillary and the eggs were deposited at the bottom of temporary ponds. Details on oocytes, egg masses, and eggs are included.

Phenological aspects of flowering and fruiting at the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria-SP-Brazil

The present work was carried out at 'Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria', north of the state of Sao Paulo, southeast of Brazil (19°55'-19°58'S and 49°31'-49°32'W). The flowering and fruiting phenology of trees, shrubs, and lianas species were observed from April 1993 to December 1995. The results were compaired with those surveyed at other forests from Sao Paulo state: Santa Genebra (Campinas). Serra do Japi (Jundiai) and lianas of Mata Atlantica. The majority of species of lianas flowered from January to April and trees and shrubs between September to December. The most intense frutification period occurred during May to August. Similarly to Santa Genebra, the flowering season at 'Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria' started at the beginning of the wet season while frutification during the dryest period of the year. At Serra do Japi, the flowering and frutification occurred from the end of dry and beginning of the rainy season. Considering the liana at Mata Atlantica presented two peaks of flowering, while at 'Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria' occurs only one. Regarding the fruiting phenology is similar for both area, most species producing fruits during the first semestre.

Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Two new species of marsupial tree-frogs genus Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura, Hemiphractidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Two new species of Gastrotheca are described from northeastern Minas Gerais and southern Bahia, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Data on morphology, calls, mitochondrial, and nuclear DNA are provided. Allied to G. fissipes and G. megacephala, the new taxa provide evidence for a higher diversity of species of Gastrotheca than previously thought at the Atlantic Forest. The data also suggest that G. pulchra, another Atlantic Forest taxon, is more closely related to non-Atlantic Forest species than to the remaining analyzed Brazilian Gastrotheca species. This implies that the Gastrotheca at the Brazilian coastal forests have at least two independent origins.

Isolamento de fungos produtores de ácido γ-linolênico de solo da Estação Ecologica de Juréia-Itatins, SP

Fungi producing γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were isolated from soil of the Ecological Station of Juréia-Itatins, SP. This essential fatty acid has aroused great interest due to its increasing by applications in pharmaceutical industry. The GLA production by zygomycetous fungi is an alternative way of comparing seed extraction. Thirty-two zygomycetous strains of Mucorales were isolated, most of them belonging to Mucor genus. The GLA production was evaluated after 4 days of incubation at 25°C on a rotary shaker at 150 rpm in medium containing 2% glucose, and 1% yeast extract, following new medium addition (20%) and incubation for an additional period of 3 days at 12°C, without agitation. The GLA production varied according to the microorganism and the strain.

Paesaggi agrari. Nuove prospettive per i sistemi territoriali: agricoltura ecologica, saperi tradizionali, scambio locale

Il paesaggio, e così anche il paesaggio agrario, può essere considerato come segno del rapporto uomo/natura, come costrutto storico che testimonia il succedersi delle diverse civilizzazioni che l'hanno generato, ma anche come spazio per l'immaginazione territoriale, come progetto per il futuro del territorio. In questo lavoro si trattano le relazioni tra questa visione del paesaggio e le forme di produzione e consumo dei prodotti agricoli, nell'ambito delle trasformazioni che l'ambito rurale sta subendo a partire dagli ultimi decenni, tra pressione dell'urbano, da un lato, e abbandono e crisi dell'agricoltura, dall'altro. Particolare attenzione è riservata a quelle esperienze che, attraverso la produzione biologica e lo scambio locale, esprimono un nuovo progetto di territorio, che prende avvio dal contesto rurale ma che pervade anche le città, proponendo anche nuove relazioni tra città e campagna. Nelle reti della filiera corta e dell'economia solidale che si concretizzano soprattutto come esperienze “dal basso”, di autogestione e partecipazione, si diffondono insieme prodotti e valori. In quest'ottica la sostenibilità ambientale non appare più come una fonte di limitazioni e esternalità negative, per dirla con il linguaggio dell'economia, ma diventa un valore aggiunto di appartenenza collettiva (equilibri ecologici, paesaggio) e un'occasione per nuove relazioni sociali e territoriali.

UVA. Unità Vinicola Argentina.Una superquadras ecologica a Buenos Aires

“ Per anni ho creduto essere cresciuto in una periferia di Buenos Aires, periferia di strade avventurose e di tramonti visibili. In realtà sono cresciuto in un giardino, dietro le lance di un cancellata, e in una biblioteca di infiniti volumi inglesi. Quel Palermo del coltello e la chitarra (mi assicurano) era agli angoli delle strade, ma chi popolava le mie mattine e procurava un gradevole orrore alle mie notti erano il bucaniere cieco di Stevenson, agonizzante sotto gli zoccoli dei cavalli, e il traditore che abbandonò l’amico sulla luna, e il viaggiatore del tempo che riportò dal futuro un fiore appassito, e il genio prigioniero per secoli nell’anfora salomonica, e il profeta velato del Khorasan, che dietro le gemme e la seta nascondeva la lebbra. Cosa succedeva, nel frattempo, oltre le lance della cancellata? Quali destini vernacoli e violenti andavano compiendosi a pochi passi da me, nella sordida bettola o nello spazio turbolento? Com’era quel Palermo o come sarebbe stato bello che fosse? A tali domande vuole rispondere questo libro, più d’immaginazione che documentato.” E’ così che Jorge Luis Borges apre il libro Evaristo Carriego, saggio biografico che passò quasi inosservato all’interno degli ambienti intellettuali della capitale dei quali faceva parte lo scrittore stesso. Il libro era dedicato alla figura, estranea a quegli ambienti, del poeta “bohemien, tisico ed anarchico” Evaristo Carriego, vissuto tra otto e novecento nel quartiere Palermo, in quei tempi periferia malfamata di Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires è la città borgesiana per eccellenza: priva di caratteristiche tipologiche precise, volubile allo sguardo, specchio e metafora di tutte le grandi città del mondo. Ma soprattutto Buenos Aires è una città “inventata” da Borges, che le ha dato un’immagine letteraria che si relaziona in maniera complessa con quella reale. Segnerà nell’immaginario di Borges l’inizio e la fine della sua vita, una sorta di centralità, unico stralcio di stabilità, al quale l’inquieta mente dell’argentino possa far ritorno.

Segon conversació que tingueren Chorro el Parrut, ordinari de Almusafes, y Bonifacio Tolondro, fiel de fechos del mateix poble [Texto impreso]

Hay un ejemplar encuadernado con: Romans, y coloqui nou, pera divertir el humor y desterrar la melancolia, yà que no tenim dinès ... (NP849.91/3085).