EOQ, JIT and fixed costs in the Ready-mixed concrete industry

The successful implementation of just-in-time (JIT) purchasing policy in many industries has prompted many companies that still use the economic order quantity (EOQ) purchasing policy to ponder if they should switch to the JIT purchasing policy. Despite existing studies that directly compare the costs between the EOQ and JIT purchasing systems, this decision is, however, still difficult to be made, especially when price discount has to be considered. JIT purchasing may not always be successful even though plants that adopted JIT operations have experienced or can take advantage of physical space reduction. Hence, the objective of this study is to expand on a classical EOQ with a price discount model to derive the EOQ–JIT cost indifference point. The objective was tested and achieved through a survey and case study conducted in the ready-mixed concrete industry in Singapore.

A model for comparative analysis of inventory costs of JIT and EOQ purchasing in the ready mixed concrete industry

A model for comparing the inventory costs of purchasing under the economic order quantity (EOQ) system and the just-in-time (JIT) order purchasing system in existing literature concluded that JIT purchasing was virtually always the preferable inventory ordering system especially at high level of annual demand. By expanding the classical EOQ model, this paper shows that it is possible for the EOQ system to be more cost effective than the JIT system once the inventory demand approaches the EOQ-JIT cost indifference point. The case study conducted in the ready-mixed concrete industry in Singapore supported this proposition.

Ioannis Ludouici Viuis ..., De disciplinis libri XX : in tres tomos distincti, quorum ordine versa pagella indicabit : cum indice nouo, eoq[ue] accuratissimo.

Apostillas marginales

From Customer to Stakeholder Management: Quality Managers perceptions of Sustainability and Social Responsibility concepts, motivations and impacts

57Th EOQ Congress, Quality Renaissance - Co-creating a Viable Future"

21st century quality: Looking into the “Crystal ball”

The discussion of possible scenarios for the future of Quality is on the priority list of major Quality Practitioners Societies. EOQ – European Organization for Quality (EOQ, 2014) main team for its 58th EOQ-Congress held June 2014 in Göteborg was “Managing Challenges in Quality Leadership” and ASQ - American Society for Quality (ASQ, 2015) appointed “the Future of Quality” for Quality Progress Magazine November 2015 issue. In addition, the ISO 9001:2008 revision process carried by ISO/TC 176 aims to assure that ISO 9001:2015 International Standard remains stable for the next 10 years (ISO, 2014) contributing to an increased discussion on the future of quality. The purpose of this research is to review available Quality Management approaches and outline, adding an academic perspective, expected developments for Quality within the 21st Century. This paper follows a qualitative approach, although data from international organizations is used. A literature review has been undertaken on quality management past and potential future trends. Based on these findings a model is proposed for organization quality management development and propositions for the future of quality management are advanced. Firstly, a state of the art of existing Quality Management approaches is presented, for example, like Total Quality Management (TQM) and Quality Gurus, ISO 9000 International Standards Series (with an outline of the expected changes for ISO 9001:2015), Six Sigma and Business Excellence Models.Secondly, building on theoretical and managerial approaches, a two dimensional matrix – Quality Engineering (QE - technical aspects of quality) and Quality Management (QM: soft aspects of quality) - is presented, outlining five proposed characterizations of Quality maturity levels and giving insights for applications and future developments. Literature review highlights that QM and QE may be addressing similar quality issues but their approaches are different in terms of scope breadth and intensity and they ought to complement and reciprocally reinforce one another. The challenges organizations face within the 21st century have stronger uncertainty, complexity, and differentiation. Two main propositions are advanced as relevant for 21st Century Quality: - QM importance for the sustainable success of organizations will increase and they should be aware of the larger ecosystem to be managed for improvement, possibly leading to the emergence of a new Quality paradigm, The Civilizacional Excellence paradigm. - QE should get more attention from QM and the Quality professionals will have to: a) Master and apply in wider contexts and in additional depth the Quality Tools (basic, intermediate and advanced); b) Have the soft skills needed for its success; c) Be results oriented and better understand and demonstrate the relationships between approaches and results These propositions challenge both scholars and practitioners for a sustained and supported discussion on the future of Quality. “All things are ready, if our mind be so.” (Shakespeare, Henry V, circa 1599).

Varastonhallinnan välineet raaka-ainehankintojen apuna

Tarkoituksena on löytää tutkimuksen kohdeyritykselle toimintatapa raaka- ainehankinnoissa varastoon sitoutuneen pääoman minimoimiseksi tarkastelemalla varastoinnin tunnuslukuja ja syventääyrityksen näkemystä varaston hallinnan laskennallisista työkaluista. Tutkimus on suhtautumiseltaan kartoittava kvalitatiivinen tutkimus, jokaon metodologialtaan case-tutkimus. Teoriaosa on kirjoitettu perustuen aihetta käsitteleviin teoksiin sekä artikkeleihin ja empiriaosaan aineistoa on hankittu teema- ja avointen haastattelujen avulla. Hankinnan ollessa osa yrityksen tärkeimpiä toimintoja tulee kiinnittää huomiota erityisesti pääoman sitoutuneisuuteen. Transaktiomotiivien kauttahankinnan tasot hahmottuvat paremmin päätöksentekijöille. Täsmällisen päästrategiaa tukevan hankintastrategian luominen on ensisijaisen tärkeää, jotta varastonhallinnan osana laskettavia tunnuslukuja voidaan hyödyntää oikealla tavalla voiton maksimoimiseksi ja riittävän palvelutasonylläpitämiseksi. Palvelutason määrittelemiseksi hankintastrategiaa on terävöitettävä, koska maksimaalisen palvelutason ylläpitäminen on tehotonta.

Raaka-ainevarastonohjaus makeisteollisuudessa

Työssämme luomme ”varastonohjaus-mix” –järjestelmän suklaatuotteita valmistavalle teollisuuslaitokselle. Järjestelmässä jaottelemme raaka-aineet eri hankintaluokkiin analyysien perusteella. Jokaisesta luokasta käsittelemme kolme esimerkkiraaka-ainetta, joille valitsemme toimintaympäristöön sopivan ja kustannustehokkaan varastonhallintamallin. Pohdimme myös RFID-tekniikan soveltuvuutta varastonhallinnan tukena, minimoimaan puutetilanteita ja niistä koituvia kustannuksia.

Toimitusketjun hallinnan kehittäminen tekstiiliteollisuudessa

Due to the outsourcing of manufacturing, Finlayson Oy now has a need to develop its supply chain management as its new ability. This requires development of efficient and flexible procedures and models in order to efficiently manage the company’s floating assets without affecting the reliability of delivery promised for the customer. In this thesis we discuss Finlayson’s supply chain management with a focus on the operations between Finlayson and its suppliers. The aim is to develop these operations and increase the reaction speed of the supply chain in order to response to the changes in demand. In order to do this we discuss different product analysis, material and inventory management and demand forecasting. In the research part of the thesis we design strategies for different products based on product classification analysis. Market behavior of different products will be modeled with demand forecasting methods and inventory control systems will be designed for different product groups based on the nature of their supplier. We will also optimize the costs and resource needs for different suppliers’ order-deliver processes.

Huoltovarmuuskeskeinen varaosavaraston suunnittelututkimus

Tämän diplomityön päätavoitteena on ollut kunnossapidon kohteiden varaosien hallintaan soveltuvan laskentamallin kehittäminen ja sen tutkiminen valitussa case-kohteessa. Laskentamallissa on kartoitettu huoltovarmuuskeskeisen varastonhallinnan kannalta ne minimitiedot, joiden avulla voidaan olemassa olevat niukat lähtötiedot huomioiden tarkastella varastointikustannuksiin ja varaosien puuteriskiin liittyvää varastointiproblematiikkaa päätöksenteon tueksi. Laskentamalli voidaan jakaa kustannuskomponentteihin, jotka ovat varaosiin sitoutuneet pääomakustannukset, varaosien varastoimisesta aiheutuvat varastointikustannukset ja varaosan puutteesta laitteen vikaantuessa aiheutuvat tuotannon menetyksen kustannukset. Tämän mallin avulla on tarkoitus löytää varaosanimikkeille sopivat tilauspisteet sekä ostoeräkoot osan puutteesta aiheutuva riskikustannus huomioiden. Tämän työn tutkimusosiossa selvitettiin laskentamallin soveltuvuus ABB Oy Servicen huoltopalveluliiketoiminnan tukemiseen eri kunnossapitokohteissa. Teorioiksi mallin luomiseen määriteltiin todennäköisyyslaskentaan perustuva Poisson-jakauma varaosavaraston palveluasteen määrittämiseksi kulutustiedon / vikataajuuden perusteella sekä EOQ taloudellisen ostoeräkoon laskemiseksi.

INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEM : Optimization of production system and reliability

The main idea of this research to solve the problem of inventory management for the paper industry SPM PVT limited. The aim of this research was to find a methodology by which the inventory of raw material could be kept at minimum level by means of buffer stock level.The main objective then lies in finding the minimum level of buffer stock according to daily consumption of raw material, finding the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) reorders point and how much order will be placed in a year to control the shortage of raw material.In this project, we discuss continuous review model (Deterministic EOQ models) that includes the probabilistic demand directly in the formulation. According to the formula, we see the reorder point and the order up to model. The problem was tackled mathematically as well as simulation modeling was used where mathematically tractable solution was not possible.The simulation modeling was done by Awesim software for developing the simulation network. This simulation network has the ability to predict the buffer stock level based on variable consumption of raw material and lead-time. The data collection for this simulation network is taken from the industrial engineering personnel and the departmental studies of the concerned factory. At the end, we find the optimum level of order quantity, reorder point and order days.

Tratamento do erro e liderança : uma pesquisa empírica da influência do estilo de liderança na forma de tratamento do erro por indivíduos nas organizações

O ERRO, fenômeno sempre presente nas nossas vidas, e a LIDERANÇA, tópico mais estudado em Ciências Sociais, são o foco e os temas desta dissertação. Com uma abordagem moderadamente positivista, dois questionários (EOQ e MLQ) foram aplicados a 125 líderes em 27 organizações no Brasil. A partir dos dados coletados, buscou-se avaliar exploratoriamente as correlações entre os fatores de tratamento do erro e os fatores que medem os estilos de liderança, segundo um dos modelos da Escola Transformacional. Também foram realizadas múltiplas regressões para se verificar de que forma os fatores de liderança poderiam predizer os de tratamento do erro. A pesquisa exploratória produzida neste trabalho traz importantes relações entre os fatores que compõem os dois construtos: por exemplo, Consideração Individual é significativo ao estimular o Aprendendo com os Erros, este achado pode ser facilmente aplicado em diferentes organizações e de forma independente de grupos. O receio e o medo, causados pelo erro, crescem com uma Gestão por Exceção (passiva) e, diminuem, caso haja o compartilhamento dos objetivos e da visão de longo prazo pelo líder. A Antecipação ao Erro também apresenta diferenças entre fatores característicos da Liderança Transformacional e do estilo Laissez-Faire. Enquanto o desafio das idéias, valores e crenças pelo líder eleva a Antecipação ao Erro, uma Gestão por Exceção (passiva) reduz a mesma. Pensando sobre Erros também apresenta relações inversas para os estilos de Liderança Transacional e Laissez-Faire. O tempo como gestor e o tempo na posição também apareceram como significativos para Tensão Causada pelo Erro, Antecipação ao Erro e Pensando sobre os Erros, todos eles fatores do Questionário de Orientação para o Erro (EOQ). Os resultados encontrados são muito úteis, por terem aplicação para as organizações e para os indivíduos, e podem ser usados em processos de seleção, treinamento e na avaliação da adequação do estilo dos líderes para o ambiente da organização. O estudo conclui com argumentos que é fundamental que o ERRO faça parte da agenda das organizações, bem como que os líderes o assumam no seu dia a dia.