Electroplating of Chromium upon a Nickel Plated Magnesium Alloy

A nickel plating operation for magnesium alloys was investigated and proved successful in plating a small sample of a typical commercial magnesium alloy, Dowmetal J1.

Dynamic analysis of a new piezoelectric flextensional actuator using the J1-J4 optical interferometric method

Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in positioning systems which demand high resolution such as scanning microscopy, fast mirror scanners, vibration cancellation, cell manipulation, etc. In this work a piezoelectric flextensional actuator (PFA), designed with the topology optimization method, is experimentally characterized by the measurement of its nanometric displacements using a Michelson interferometer. Because this detection process is non-linear, adequate techniques must be applied to obtain a linear relationship between an output electrical signal and the induced optical phase shift. Ideally, the bias phase shift in the interferometer should remain constant, but in practice it suffers from fading. The J1-J4 spectral analysis method provides a linear and direct measurement of dynamic phase shift in a no-feedback and no-phase bias optical homodyne interferometer. PFA application such as micromanipulation in biotechnology demands fast and precise movements. So, in order to operate with arbitrary control signals the PFA must have frequency bandwidth of several kHz. However as the natural frequencies of the PFA are low, unwanted dynamics of the structure are often a problem, especially for scanning motion, but also if trajectories have to be followed with high velocities, because of the tracking error phenomenon. So the PFA must be designed in such a manner that the first mechanical resonance occurs far beyond this band. Thus it is important to know all the PFA resonance frequencies. In this work the linearity and frequency response of the PFA are evaluated up to 50 kHz using optical interferometry and the J1-J4 method.

Interferometric measurements of nanometric displacements in a Piezoelectric Flextensional Actuator by using the new J1...J5 method

In this work, nanometric displacement amplitudes of a Piezoelectric Flextensional Actuator (PFA) designed using the topology optimization technique and operating in its linear range are measured by using a homodyne Michelson interferometer. A new improved version of the J1...J4 method for optical phase measurements, named J1...J5 method, is presented, which is of easier implementation than the original one. This is a passive phase detection scheme, unaffected by signal fading, source instabilities and changes in visibility. Experimental results using this improvement were compared with those obtained by using the J1... J4, J1...J6(pos) and J1...J 6(neg) methods, concluding that the dynamic range is increased while maintaining the sensitivity. Analysis based on the 1/f voltage noise and random fading show the new method is more stable to phase drift than all those methods. © 2012 IEEE.

Transcriptional regulation of the Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 nitA gene encoding a nitrilase.

The 1.4-kb downstream region from a nitrilase gene (nitA) of an actinomycete Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, which is industrially in use, was found to be required for the isovaleronitrile-dependent induction of nitrilase synthesis in experiments using a Rhodococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pK4 in a Rhodococcus strain. Sequence analysis of the 1.4-kb region revealed the existence of an open reading frame (nitR) of 957 bp, which would encode a protein with a molecular mass of 35,100. Deletion of the central and 3'-terminal portion of nitR resulted in the complete loss of nitrilase activity, demonstrating that nitR codes for a transcriptional positive regulator in nitA expression. The deduced amino acid sequence of nitR showed similarity to a positive regulator family including XylS from Pseudomonas putida and AraC from E. coli. By Northern blot analysis, the 1.4-kb transcripts for nitA were detected in R. rhodochrous J1 cells cultured in the presence of isovaleronitrile, but not those cultured in the absence of isovaleronitrile. The transcriptional start site for nitA was mapped to a C residue located 26 bp upstream of its translational start site. Deletion analysis to define the nitA promoter region suggested the possible participation of an inverted repeat sequence, centered on base pair -52, in induction of nitA transcription.

Characterization of the gene cluster of high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (H-NHase) induced by its reaction product in Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1.

The 4.6-kb region 5'-upstream from the gene encoding a cobalt-containing and amide-induced high molecular mass-nitrile hydratase (H-NHase) from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 was found to be required for the expression of the H-NHase gene with a host-vector system in a Rhodococcus strain. Sequence analysis has revealed that there are at least five open reading frames (H-ORF1 approximately 5) in addition to H-NHase alpha- and beta-subunit genes. Deletion of H-ORF1 and H-ORF2 resulted in decrease of NHase activity, suggesting a positive regulatory role of both ORFs in the expression of the H-NHase gene. H-ORF1 showed significant similarity to a regulatory protein, AmiC, which is involved in regulation of amidase expression by binding an inducer amide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. H-ORF4, which has been found to be uninvolved in regulation of H-NHase expression by enzyme assay for its deletion transformant and Northern blot analysis for R. rhodochrous J1, showed high similarity to transposases from insertion sequences of several bacteria. Determination of H-NHase activity and H-NHase mRNA levels in R. rhodochrous J1 has indicated that the expression of the H-NHase gene is regulated by an amide at the transcriptional level. These findings suggest the participation of H-ORF4 (IS1164) in the organization of the H-NHase gene cluster and the involvement of H-ORF1 in unusual induction mechanism, in which H-NHase is formed by amides (the products in the NHase reaction), but not by nitriles (the substrates).

Thermoelectric properties of Fe(0.2)Co(3.8)Sbi(12-x)Te(x) skutterudites

Skutterudites Fe(0.)2Co(3.8)Sb(12),Te-x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) were synthesized by induction melting at 1273 K, followed by annealing at 923 K for 144 h. X-ray powder diffraction and electron microprobe analysis confirmed the presence of the skutterudite phase as the main phase. The temperature-dependent transport properties were measured for all the samples from 300 to 818 K. A positive Seebeck coefficient (holes are majority carriers) was obtained in Fe0.2Co3.8Sb 12 in the whole temperature range. Thermally excited carriers changed from n-type to p-type in Fe(0.)2Co(3.8)Sb(12),Te-x 19Te0.1 at 570 K, while in all the other samples, Fe(0.)2Co(3.8)Sb(12),Te-x (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) exhibited negative Seebeck coefficients in the entire temperature range measured. Whereas for the alloys up to x = 0.2 (Fe(0.)2Co(3.8)Sb(12),Te-x ) the electrical resistivity decreased by charge compensation, it increased for x> 0.2 with an increase in Te content as a result of an increase in the electron concentration. The thermal conductivity decreased with Te substitution owing to carrier phonon scattering and point defect scattering. The maximum dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT = 1.04 at 818 K, was obtained with an optimized Te content for Fe0.2Co3.8Sb1 1.5Te0.5 and a carrier concentration of,,J1/ =- 3.0 x 1020 CM-3 at room temperature. Thermal expansion (a = 8.8 x 10-6 K-1), as measured for Fe(0.)2Co(3.8)Sb(12),Te-x , compared well with that of undoped Co4Sb12. A further increase in the thermoelectric figure of merit up to ZT = 1.3 at 820 K was achieved for Fe(0.)2Co(3.8)Sb(12),Te-x , applying severe plastic deformation in terms of a high-pressure torsion process. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

流式细胞术在哺乳动物精液质量检测中的应用

精液检测的首要目标就是快速准确地确定精子的生育力。同时具备多种特性和功能完整的精子才能受,在而只有同时客观地检测多个指标，才能更好地反映精子的生育力。精子检测的传统方法费时费力，检测精子数量少，指标单一，而且易受操作者的主观影响，不能准确地反映精子功能。流式细胞术（FCM）为精子功能研究提供了一种快速、客观、多指标、大通量的检测手段；利用FCM检测精子的质膜完整性、顶体状态、染色质结构、线粒体功能以及细胞凋亡等，可以得知精子功能的相关情况。随着新的荧光探针、染色方法的不断开发和改进，FCM为精液质量检测提供了一种新的检测平台，应用前景极其广阔。

S7核糖体蛋白基因序列变异与亚科鱼类的单系性研究

使用分子生物学的方法对亚科鱼类的单系性进行了探讨。通过PCR方法 ,获得了 13种鲤科鱼类S7核糖体蛋白基因第 1内含子序列 ,其中包括 6种亚科鱼类。使用MEGA软件中的Neighbor Joining法和Most Parsimony法分别构建分支系统图。研究结果显示目前所确认的亚科鱼类实际上没有形成单系类群。其中属、波鱼属和低线属位于系统树基部 ,显示出原始性。而由细鲫属、马口鱼属和属构成的类群相对于亚科中的原始种类起源较晚 ,可能和较晚起源的东亚鲤科类群之间有更为密切的关系。

线粒体DNA d-loop序列变异与鳅鮀亚科鱼类系统发育

对鳅鮀亚科(Gobiobotinae)2个属8个种10个个体线粒体控制区d-loop全序列进行了测定.以(鱼丹)亚科斑马鱼为外类群,对鳅鮀及鲤科(Cyprinidae)一些亚科代表种鱼类进行了系统发育分析.结果显示,鳅鮀鱼类是一个单系类群,与鮈和细鲫有较近的亲缘关系.从系统发育的角度看,鳅鮀亚科应归属于鮈亚科(Gobioninae).研究结果支持鳅鮀亚科分为异鳔鳅鳅属(Xenophyso-gobio)和鳅鮀属(Gobiobtia).

海峡两岸淡水鱼类分布格局及其生物地理学意义

通过台湾大陆初级淡水鱼类区系的比较分析,将台湾与大陆间的淡水鱼类区系和组成归纳为3种生物地理分布格局:(1)台湾与大陆东南沿海诸水系的淡水鱼类有很高相似性;(2)台湾与东喜马拉雅具有一些相同的淡水鱼类分布;(3)包括台湾岛在内的太平洋西部岛链的淡水鱼类区系之间的相似度很低,这些岛屿与各自相邻大陆的淡水鱼类更相似.从历史生物地理学的角度看,这种分布格局的形成与台湾和大陆古地理、地质的变迁有关.简约分析(PAE)结果认为,以上格局可以用隔离分化的假说加以解释,进一步的研究将使用分子生物地理学方法和手段对海峡两

鲫鱼囊胚细胞干扰素的诱导及部分特性

用紫外线灭活的草鱼呼肠孤病毒 (GCRV)诱导鲫鱼囊胚细胞 (CAB)能产生一种高滴度的抗病毒物质。这种物质在 5 6℃及 pH 2～ 11稳定 ;对胰蛋白酶敏感 ;抗病毒活性受被保护细胞的密度、培养温度及保护时间的影响 ;不能被GCRV的特异性抗体中和 ;无直接杀病毒作用 ;抗病毒机制依赖于细胞内RNA和蛋白质的合成 ;在多种鱼类培养细胞中具有抑制病毒作用。这些特性与哺乳类α/ β干扰素一致 ,是一种鲫鱼干扰素

杉木人工林退化土壤生态恢复-－恢复过程及调控机理研究

杉木人工林在我国亚热带集体林区有着广泛的分布区域和悠久的栽培历史，在我国林业经济和人民生活当中一度扮演着很重要的角色。然而杉木人工林立地严重退化大大制约了杉木这一优良用材树种资源的进一步开发利用,杉木人工用材林的进一步发展面临着退化土壤生态恢复的严峻挑战,而且由于目前我国天然林保护工程的启动也期待着人工林持续健康发展。显然杉木林退化土壤的生态恢复是关系到我国林业发展和生态建设的重大课题。本研究是在中国科学院重点项目（KZ962-J1-202）和特别支持项目KZ95T-04共同资助下完成的,主要通过对土壤有机质积累、腐殖质组成改变、C和N矿化等过程的分析,研究了杉木林退化土壤的生态恢复过程及其调控机理。1.通过考查杉阔混交和阔叶树轮栽途径对杉木人工林退化土壤生态恢复的影响,结果发现随着土壤生态质量的恢复土壤有机质不断积累,土壤有机质积累过程是杉木森退化土壤生态恢复的主要生态过程之一;两种途径相比,阔叶树轮栽途径积累有机质速率明显高于阔叶树混交。通过杉阔混交和阔叶树轮栽途径,土壤积累的有机质质量也不断改善。连栽失败杉木纯林中下木草本层的充分发育,使土壤表层有机质的数量和组成明显提高。杉木林退化土壤中积累的有毒酚类有机物质占土壤有机质总量比例也随着恢复过程而下降。2.杉阔混交途径各林分生长季节土壤平均CO_2释放速率变化在238-426mgCO_2·m~2·hr~(-1),而杉木阔叶树轮栽途径各林分生长季节土壤平均CO_2释放速率变化在570-601mgCO_2·m~2·hr~(-1)之间,普遍高于杉阔混交林,甚至高于常绿阔叶林（503mgCO_2·m~2·hr~(-1)）。杉阔混交和杉阔轮栽促进了土壤净N矿化过程,但N矿化作用改善远远滞后于CO_2释放过程。在杉阔混交恢复途径中,以演替先期的非豆科固N树种桤木与杉木混交对C矿化过程、特别是净N矿化作用的恢复速率最快。而在阔叶树轮栽途径中,以木荷轮栽杉木林退化土壤对C、N矿化过程的恢复速率最快。杉木林退化土壤恢复过程中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性增强与有机质积累有密切关系,特别是脲酶,而酸性磷酸酶与有机质相关不明显,三种酶当中,蔗糖酶活性随着有机质的积累有一定程度提高,但仍明显低于常绿阔叶林,看来蔗糖酶活性还受其它因素约束。土壤在C、N矿化作用的增强与蔗糖酶和脲酶活性强弱成正相关。3.通过杉阔混交和阔叶树轮栽途径,杉木人工林退化土壤全N及有效P含量随着土壤中有机质积累不断增加;有机质积累与土壤N含量成密切正相关关系（R~2 = 0.81）;杉阔混交和阔叶树轮栽对土壤NH_4~+-N含量影响不明显,而土壤NO_3~--N含量在16年生杉楠混交林中有明显增加,与常绿阔叶林相近,但木荷纯林和火力楠纯林土壤NO_3~--N含量较高,明显高于杉木连栽失败纯林,且与常绿阔叶林土壤无明显差异。阔叶树轮栽纯林土壤中NH_4~+-N含量较低而NO_3~--N含量较高与阔叶林土壤硝化作用较强有关；非豆科固N树种桤木与杉木混交对森分土壤全N水平的恢复效应明显，但对NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N没有显著影响。4.通过杉阔混交和阔叶树轮栽途径,杉木人工林退化土壤中微团聚体组成发生改变,但变化最明显的是0.25-2mm粒径含量的增加;阔叶树轮栽途径各林分土壤0.25-2mm粒径含量普遍高于杉阔混交林分土壤。在阔叶树轮途径中,木荷纯森和火力楠纯林土壤0.25-2mm粒径含量明显高于杉木连栽失败纯林,甚至高于常绿阔叶林;0.25-2mm粒径团聚体含量提高与有机质积累有密切关系,与活性有机质含量相关更为密切,0.25-2mm粒径含量与腐殖组成中胡敏酸和富里酸C含量之和相关（R~2 = 0.75）,表明土壤中团粒结构的形成过程中腐殖质起主要作用;粘粒含量与0.25-2mm粒径含量成反比。5.根据恢复生态学原理,杉木林退化土壤生态恢复的目标应确定为常绿阔叶林土壤,恢复途径也主要采用引入地带性森林生态系统的功能组份,增加有机质积累改善有机质组成和质量,然后通过人为积极调控土壤生物组成和生化活性、调控有机质积累和矿化过程,以改善土壤供肥及蓄肥功能;杉木林退化土壤中积累的有毒酚类化感物质,也可能通过土壤有机质输入/输出及土壤微生物活性的调控得到有效缓解。

兽疫链球菌变异株产生的透明质酸的纯化及表征

用 N-甲基 -N′-硝基 -N-亚硝基胍 ( NTG)对兽疫链球菌进行诱变 ,获得高产菌株 .经过对该菌株的发酵培养 ,将产生的多糖经 Savage法、季铵复合物沉淀法、DEAE-纤维素 ( DE5 2 )离子交换层析法及 SephadexG-75凝胶过滤法分离纯化 .纯化的多糖结构经化学组成分析、核磁共振波谱、红外光谱及圆二色谱鉴定 ,证明了诱变得到的高产菌株 ( Streptococcuszooepidemicus J1 8)再经发酵 ,得到的多糖为透明质酸 .通过刚果红实验证明了透明质酸的构象为单股螺旋结构 ,其平均分子量约为 1.16×106.

四川盆地构造控藏规律研究

Firstly, established sequence stratigraphy of Sinian System-Middle Triassic Series framework in Sichuan basin,be divided into 21 second-level sequence stratigraphy and 105 third-level sequence stratigraphy.From many aspects,discussed sequence stratigraphy characteristic. On the foundation of structure unconformity and fission track analysis, on the ground of An county-Shuinin county regional seismic section, using the positive evolution equilibrium principle technology, comprehensivly be mapped structure evolution of Sichuan basin. It can be divided into seven stages, that is :Pre-Sinian basement stage, cratonic depression basin(Z1-S)stage, cratonic rifted basin(D-T2)stage, passive continental margin(T3x1-3)stage, foreland basin(T3x4-6)stage, depression basin (Jurassic Period-Miocene Epoch) stage, formed basin (Holocene Epoch) stage. Analysis on structure evolution history,burial history,source rocks thermal evolution history, Maoba changxing formation gas pool forming process can be classified into four stages: ancient lithological oil pool stages in Indosinian-early Yanshanian period（T-J1-2）, ancient structure- lithological gas pool stages in middle Yanshanian period（J3-K1）, structure- lithological gas pool setting stages in last Yanshanian period（K2）, structure- lithological gas pool adjusting and transformation stages in Himalayan period（R-Q）. Maoba feixianguan formation gas pool forming process can be classified into two stages: second structure gas pool stages in last Yanshanian period（K2）,second structure gas pool physical adjusting and transformation stages in Himalayan period（R-Q）,and summarize reservoir formation model. On the base of newest exploration achievement and petroleum geologic comprehensive research , demonstrate how structure controls hydrocarbon accumulation. Structure controlling source rocks behaves structure controlling main source rocks’sedimentary facies, medium-large pools mainly located at center or margin of hydrocarbon generation. Structure controlling palaeo-karst reservoirs ,reef and beach facies reservoirs, fault and fracture reservoirs. Structure controlling palaeo-uplift, and palaeo-uplift controlling hydrocarbon migration, active reservoirs’forming, palaeo-structure traps forming. Structure controls distribution of mudstone and gypsolith, controls preservation. Structure controls hydrocarbon conducting, structure traps forming and hydrocarbon accumulation. Whether or no, Structure controls total process of basin forming-source rocks’generation- hydrocarbon accumulation. It is direct effect results of structure movements that large traps’ conditions, conducting migration conditions, high quality preservation. source rocks’condition and reservoirs’ condition are the indirect effect results. In the last analysis, “source rock controlling theory”, “high quality reservoir mainly controlling theory”, “palaeo-uplift controlling theory” and “current structure deciding theory” are structure controlling hydrocarbon accumulation. There are high variability and complex mechanisms in Sichuan basin , but the regional hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are very well, such as abundant source rocks, matching process of hydrocarbon accumulation and many exploration areas. By means of integrated analysis, put forward hydrocarbon exploration direction and large-middle targets of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation .Thus, more and more hydrocarbon proved reserve and output in Sichuan basin will be contributed to China energy industry in a long future time.