999 resultados para Divulgação sociambiental
Resumo:
Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar comparativamente as informações socioambientais divulgadas pelas companhias latino-americanas nos seus relatórios. Foi efetuada uma análise de conteúdo das informações socioambientais divulgadas por uma amostra de 226 organizações, no período de 2004 a 2009, segregadas por país, empresa, setor e ano. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes voluntárias da Global Reporting Initiative como escopo para analisar o conteúdo dos relatórios anuais, relatórios de sustentabilidade e Formulários 20F, disponibilizados pelas organizações, nos seus websites ou nas bolsas de valores em que negociam suas ações. A maioria das companhias de capital aberto na região não disponibiliza informações socioambientais nos seus relatórios anuais ou em relatórios específicos sobre o tema. No âmbito das multinacionais que operam na América Latina e que foram selecionadas para este estudo, percebeu-se maior concentração dessas na Argentina, Chile e Peru e foram as companhias que mais divulgaram informações socioambientais nos relatórios analisados nesses países. Entre os países latino-americanos, verificou-se que o nível de aderência às diretrizes voluntárias de divulgação de informações socioambientais é baixo, mas as companhias estabelecidas no Brasil são as que têm maior e melhor nível de aderência a tais diretrizes. O referencial teórico indicou as várias influências históricas que contribuíram para esse resultado, como a organização e adesão do setor empresarial à questão socioambiental, além do apoio de ONGs que se especializaram em difundir o tema. O Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social, além de outras entidades, como IBASE e GIFE, exerceram e exercem importante papel na difusão e profissionalização das ações socioambientais das companhias brasileiras. Nos demais países, o assunto ainda é incipiente, apesar de haver várias instituições locais voltadas para a participação empresarial na elaboração e divulgação de relatórios voltados para o tema, o assunto começou a ser amplamente divulgado há poucos anos. As companhias que compuseram a amostra deste trabalho estão entre as de maior porte dos seus respectivos países. No caso do Brasil e do México, a indústria local tem sua maneira própria de elaborar ações socioambientais, bem como, divulgá-las em relatórios específicos. Quanto à evolução e forma de divulgação de informações socioambientais, tem-se o relatório anual como o principal canal utilizado pelas companhias para destacar tais informações, seguido do relatório de sustentabilidade, divulgado como parte do relatório anual, ou como uma publicação específica.
Resumo:
Este artigo, decorrência da pesquisa de mestrado realizada no programa do Centro de Desenvolvimento do Ensino Superior em Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (2007), tem como objetivo apresentar a descrição e a análise da trajetória histórica do Jornal da Paulista, jornal universitário que surgiu na Escola Paulista de Medicina em 1987 e que circulou até 2003, quando esta já havia se transformado em universidade. Partindo do referencial teórico do semiólogo Eric Landowiski, a trajetória do Jornal da Paulista foi dividida em três fases. Na primeira, o jornal foi compreendido como uma publicação direcionada à necessidade de comunicação interna e de divulgação institucional; na segunda fase ocorreu uma intensificação na publicação de matérias de divulgação científica; e a terceira fase foi avaliada como um momento de envolvimento pleno do jornal com a comunicação pública das ciências da saúde. Apontamos que o JP constituiu-se preponderantemente como um veículo de divulgação científica das ciências da saúde.
Resumo:
This paper analyzes the level of disclosure of Intangible Assets, Business Combinations and Goodwill in the consolidated financial statements and its explanatory factors. We have analyzed the annual reports of companies listed on Euronext Lisbon for the year 2010 and have created a Disclosure Index which allows to measure the level of disclosure for each company in this area, based on the existing accounting standards. In order to identify the association between the level of disclosure and its determinants, we have tested several hypotheses which explain the degree of disclosure. The results evidences, company’s size, industry, leverage and audit firms belonging to Big 4as explanatory factors. Only the size presentsa positive association with disclosure index, confirming the hypothesis which establishes that the level of disclosure about Intangible Assets, Business Combinations and Goodwill is greater in larger companies. The remaining explanatory variables presenta negative association with disclosure level.
Resumo:
The objectives of this empirical study are, on the one hand, to evaluate the level of disclosure, about liquidity risk, practiced by fourteen banking institutions that operate in Portuguese financial system, and, on the other hand, to assess the determinants of that disclosure. To this end, we have used content analysis, as data collection technique, and have examined the information disclosed in the annual reports of the fourteen banks, for the period between 2007 and 2011. For this purpose we have constructed a disclosure index, based on the recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, and have defined a set of potentially explanatory variables related to the level of disclosure. The results demonstrated that size and financial year were the variables that showed up as statistically significant in explaining the level of disclosure.
Resumo:
A Internet é um meio privilegiado de comunicação, no qual a informação não conhece fronteiras, e a sua divulgação toma uma dimensão universal. No mundo empresarial a comunicação é hoje tida, como o elemento fulcral dos processos de negócio, em que interação com as partes interessadas, pode ser traduzida em termos do seu expoente máximo pelo website da empresa. Grande parte da informação hoje divulgada à sociedade pela empresa, tem por objetivo demonstrar a «transparência» dos processos da organização, promovendo assim o seu escrutínio público. A investigação visou a análise exploratória dos websites de 422 empresas que se encontravam certificadas no ano 2011, no âmbito dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade (ISO 9001), ambiente (ISO 14001), segurança e saúde do trabalho (OHSAS 18001/NP 4397). O objeto de estudo visou determinar a percentagem de empresas que recorre ao website, para disponibilizar a Política da Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho (PSST), às partes interessadas (stakeholders), no cumprimento da alínea g) do requisito normativo 4.2 dos referenciais OHSAS 18001/NP 4397, bem como compreender a extensão ao website do requisito 4.4.3.1 (comunicação) no âmbito da divulgação da PSST.
Resumo:
Este estudo analisa o nível de divulgação sobre instrumentos derivados e seus factores determinantes nas entidades bancárias portuguesas. Para o efeito, foi utilizado um índice de divulgação, baseado nas recomendações emitidas pelo Basel Committee on Banking Supervision e pela Organisation of Securities Commissions, e analisados os Relatórios & Contas anuais, individuais, relativos a 2009. Conclui-se que o número de empresas que apresenta informação sobre a utilização de instrumentos derivados é bastante elevado, mas o valor médio de divulgação apresentado é bastante reduzido. Identificam-se, como factores determinantes do nível de divulgação, o tamanho da empresa, a qualidade do auditor externo e o facto de a empresa ter procedido a um aumento de capital durante o exercício económico em análise.
Resumo:
This study analyzes the level of disclosure on derivatives, in accordance with the recommendations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Organization of Securities Commission, by Portuguese banks. We have analyzed individual annual reports related to 2009, using a disclosure index based on those recommendations. We concluded that the number of companies that provides information about derivative instruments is quite high, but the average value of disclosure is very low. The information disclosed more frequently is that related to general aspects, followed by information related to accounting and valuation methods.
Resumo:
Este estudo analisa o nível de divulgação sobre instrumentos derivados, de acordo com as recomendações emitidas pelo Basel Committee on Banking Supervision e pela Organisation of Securities Commissions, pelas entidades bancárias portuguesas. Para o efeito, foi utilizado um índice de divulgação e analisados os Relatórios & Contas anuais, individuais, relativos a 2009. Conclui-se que o número de empresas que apresenta informação sobre a utilização de instrumentos derivados é bastante elevado, mas o valor médio de divulgação apresentado é bastante reduzido. A informação mais divulgada é a relativa a informações gerais, seguida da informação relacionada com contabilidade e métodos de avaliação.
Resumo:
This study analyses the determinants of the derivative instruments disclosure level by Portuguese listed companies. It is built a disclosure index to measure the disclosure level using the Consolidated Annual Reports for 2008. The hypotheses have been tested through a linear regression model using the disclosure index as the dependent variable and companies’ characteristics as independent variables. Multivariate results suggest that firm size, quality of the external auditor, belonging to PSI 20, the market to book value ratio and the percentage of capital hold by the board of directors are associated with the disclosure level.
Resumo:
The importance of intangible resources has increased dramatically in recent years comparing to tangible ones. The economy in which we live is the result of competitive pressures that have imposed the implementation of business at an international level as well as a requirement in the application of sophisticated technologies that allow us to follow this fast evolution. In this age of information and innovation organizations will only survive if they are inserted in a global network of strategic relations, generically called as the network economy by Lev (2003). The service sector has stood out against the more traditional sectors of the economy. The intensive use of knowledge and a strong customer orientation created a new reality in today’s organizations: a growing importance attached to innovation, to the quality of products and services offered, to the information and communication technologies adopted, and to the creativity and particular abilities of human resources. The concept of intangible assets is more common in an accounting language and intellectual capital is most often applied in the context of management, being associated with a more comprehensive, multidimensional approach, representing all the knowledge that the institution owns and that it applies in the form of expertise, the creativity and organizational competencies that lead to innovation and to the sustained attainment of future economic benefits. An analysis of the scope of intellectual capital is fundamental to take more appropriate management decisions so that a more appropriate accounting treatment could be given by the accounting standardization organizations. This study intends to analyse the practices of information disclosure of the intellectual capital in the banking sector in Portugal, complementing the analysis of the disclosure of intangible assets in the context of accounting standards with the disclosure of intellectual capital in the context of organizational management. In particular, our main aims are to identify the extent of disclosure of intellectual capital made by banks in Portugal and also to identify the factors that determine such a disclosure. The disclosure in the context of accounting standards will be studied by checking the disclosure of intangible assets through the items listed in the International Accounting Standard 38 developed by the International Accounting Standards Board. The context of management was analysed by means of creating a voluntary disclosure index based on assumptions of the model Intellectus, developed by the Centro de Investigación sobre la Sociedad del Conocimiento – Instituto de Administración de Empresas (CIC-IADE) of the Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, and of the model Intellectual Capital Statement (made in Europe) (InCaS), both promoted by the European Commission and that we have adapted to the banking sector. When analysing the disclosure of intangible assets based on the context of accounting standards and the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital, this study has tried to raise awareness about the importance of issuing reports on the intellectual capital as an alternative tool to take management decisions in the existing organizations and reflects the transparency and legitimacy that these institutions seek through a more extensive and more detailed information disclosure of their intellectual capital. Based on a complimentarily of economic theories, together with social and political theories, we tried to check the extent, evolution and tendencies of the compulsory disclosure of intangible assets and of the voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital analysed in the period 2001-2011. Banks characteristics were also analysed in order to deduce those factors that determine or promote a larger disclosure in this sector. Based on these objectives, we adopted a longitudinal approach to explore the extent and the development of the disclosure of intangible assets as well as the factors that have determined it. Furthermore, we sought to assess the impact of the adoption of IAS 38 in the financial statements of the organizations in this sector. The disclosure index created on the basis of the disclosure requirements stated in IAS 38 from IASB was applied to the consolidated financial statements of the seventeen banks that rendered their statements in Portugal from 2001 to 2009. Since the information disclosed in the context of accounting standards may not have an important role as a management tool once it was not able to reflect what really contributes to the competitiveness and organizational growth, the voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital was analysed according to the information obtained from the 2010 annual individual reports of the banks operating in Portugal in that year and from their respective websites in 2011. We tried to analyse the extent of the voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital and of each of its components, human capital, structural capital and relational capital. The comparative analysis of their annual reports and their web pages allowed us to assess the incidence of the disclosure and discover what channel the banking sector focuses on when disclosing their intellectual capital. Also in this analysis the study of the disclosure determinants has allowed us to conclude about the influence of particular characteristics in the voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital. The results of the analysis to the extent of the disclosure of intangible assets in the consolidated financial statements of the banking groups in Portugal in the period 2001-2009 have shown an average information disclosure of 0.24. This information disclosure evolved from an average value of 0.1940 in 2001 to 0.2778 in 2009. The average value is 0.8286 if it is only considered the disclosure of the intangible assets that the banks possessed. The evolution of this index means an increase in the average disclosure from 0.7852 in 2001 to 0.8788 in 2009. From the first results that are related to the extent of the disclosure of intangible assets in the financial statements, we can verify that the banking groups present a low disclosure level of these resources. However, when considering the disclosure of only the intangible assets that each institution owns, the disclosure level appears to be in compliance with the disclosure requirements for this sector. An evolution in the disclosure of intangible assets for the period considered was confirmed, showing an increase in the information disclosure of intangible assets in 2005, the year in which the accounting rules for intangible assets changed. The analysis that focused on the disclosure in the context of management tried to understand the extent, the incidence and the determinants of the voluntary information disclosure of intellectual capital in the annual reports of 2010 and on their web pages in 2011, studying the 32 banks operating in Portugal in this period. The average voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital in the 2010 annual reports is 0.4342 while that in web pages is 0.2907. A review of the components of the intellectual capital allowed us to assess the importance that the banks confer to each of these components. The data obtained show that the relational capital, and more specifically the business capital, is the most disclosed component by banks in Portugal both in the annual reports and in their institutional web pages, followed by the structural capital and, finally, by the human capital. The disclosure of the human capital and the structural capital is higher in the annual reports than that in the websites, while the relational capital is more disclosed in the websites than in the annual reports. The results have also shown that the banks make a complementary use of both sources when disclosing information about their structural capital and relational capital but they do not show any information about their human capital in their websites. We tried to prove the influence of factors that could determine the accounting disclosure and the voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital in this sector. The change in the IASB accounting rules as from January 1st 2005 gave a greater disclosure of accounting information of intangible assets in the financial statements of banks. The bank size and corporate governance measures have statistically proved to have an influence on the extent of the accounting disclosure of intangible assets and on the voluntary disclosure of the intellectual capital. Economic and financial variables such as profitability, operating efficiency or solvency were not determinants of information disclosure. The instability that the banking sector has experienced in economic and financial indicators in recent years as a result of the global financial markets imbalance has worsen indicators such as profitability, efficiency and solvency and caused major discrepancies in the economic situation between banks in Portugal. This empirical analysis has contributed to confront the disclosure required by accounting rules performed in the financial statements of organizations with that performed in the main disclosure media which is available for entities and which is increasingly requested in the process of taking management decisions. It also allowed us to verify whether there is homogeneity between institutions in the fulfilment of the requirements for information disclosure of intangible assets. However, as for voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital, there are large disparities in the disclosure extent between organizations. Regardless of this sector specific characteristics, the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital made by banks in Portugal follows the trends in other sectors and the practices adopted in other countries, namely regarding the amount of information disclosed, the incidence of the disclosure on the indicators of relational capital and the importance of variables such as size as determinants of disclosure of intellectual capital. For a further knowledge in this field, we created a specific index for the banking sector, considering appropriate indicators for an incisive, comprehensive analysis in order to consider the most relevant indicators of intellectual capital components. Besides, confronting the analysis of disclosure in the context of accounting standards with the study of voluntary disclosure brought a new analysis approach to the research on intellectual capital disclosure. With this study, we have also intended to raise greater awareness of the need for harmonization in the intellectual capital disclosure on the part of the regulatory banking authority by means of a demanding, consistent and transparent report of intellectual capital with simple, clear, objective indicators so that those interested in disclosing intellectual capital information in the organizations in this sector may obtain more harmonized and comparable information. A research on the disclosure quality of intellectual capital, together with the application of other analysis methodologies in this sector, might be a promising approach for future research. Applying the voluntary disclosure index to the same sector in other countries may also contribute to the knowledge of disclosure practices in different geographical environments. We highlight the relevance of further studies contributing to the harmonization and consistency in the presentation of an intellectual capital report so as to enable organizations to disclose the resources that contribute most to their competitiveness and growth.
Resumo:
The main objectives of this investigation is to analyze the disclosure of information about intangible assets during a period of nine years, namely the extension or level, as well as their evolution and possible alterations verified upon them, that derived from the adoption in 2005, of the international norm in order to elaborate the consolidated accounts of banks. Through the verification of the disclosure of intangible assets. Taking into account items from International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38 from the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), the consolidated financial statements from seventeen banks, presenting consolidated accounts in Portugal uninterruptable between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed. The results obtained through the construction of an index, elaborated from this effected, reveled an average of disclosure of information on intangibles of 0.24 during the period. The level of general disclosure evolved from an average of 0.1940 in 2001 to 0.2778 in the year 2009. The intangibles generated internally had an average of disclosure of 0.1592 and the intangibles acquired had an average value of 0.2927. A growth in the extension of disclosure of intangibles upon the consolidated financial statement of banks during period analyzed, being this growth more accentuated in 2005 and 2006, which correspond to the first years of adoption in Portugal of international norm endorsed by the European Union through the Regalement 1606/2002, of July 19, the designed IASB-UE norms.
Resumo:
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis empírico relativo a los factores determinantes en la divulgación de los intangibles en las cuentas consolidadas de las principales entidades bancarias portuguesas y españolas, de acuerdo con los requisitos de divulgación establecidos en la IAS 38. Para ello, se ha analizado el contenido de los Estados Financieros de siete bancos portugueses y siete españoles durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2006 y 2009. Sobre la base de otros estudios que han abordado este tema, se ha intentado verificar qué factores influyen en el grado de divulgación de los intangibles, llegando a la conclusión de que el valor invertido en los mismos y el índice de rentabilidad son determinantes en el nivel de su divulgación. En efecto, observamos que el volumen de intangibles representados en el balance está relacionado positivamente con el índice de divulgación, sin embargo el ratio de rentabilidad de la entidad bancaria tiene una asociación inverso, es decir, se revela que el índice de divulgación aumenta cuando la rentabilidad del banco disminuye.
Resumo:
Com o presente estudo procuramos analisar a extensão da divulgação voluntária do capital intelectual nos relatórios anuais e nas páginas Web dos grupos bancários em Portugal. Os resultados revelaram que os grupos bancários divulgam em média 0,5335 de informação do capital intelectual nos relatórios anuais e 0,3493 nas suas páginas Web. O componente mais divulgado, tanto nos relatórios anuais como nas páginas Web, é o capital relacional, seguido do capital estrutural e do capital humano. Os grupos bancários em Portugal atribuem maior importância à divulgação de informação do capital negócio nos relatórios anuais e do capital sociedade nas páginas Web.
Resumo:
divulgação do capital intelectual no setor bancário em Portugal.
Resumo:
Esta comunicação tem como objetivo principal analisar o nível de divulgação de informação voluntária sobre o capital humano nu amostra de 46 empresas cotadas na Euronext Lisbon. Recorrendo à técnica de análise de conteúdo estudamos os relatórios anuais de contas consolidadas de 2008 a 2012. Para determinar o nível de divulgação de informação sobre o capital humano desenvolvemos um índice de divulgação (IDVCH), que varia entre 0 e 1, sendo composto por 45 indicadores, baseado no estudo de Silva et al. (2012).Os dados recolhidos para a construção do índice foram codificados de forma binária: 0 para “não divulga” e 1 para “divulga”. Os resultados obtidos apontam para um nível médio de divulgação de 0,46, sendo possível afirmar que as empresas cotadas em Portugal têm ganho consciência e se preocupam em divulgar voluntariamente informação sobre o capital humano, fator de sucesso muitas vezes esquecido pelas organizações e pela Contabilidade.