Observations on the civil disqualifications of Papists,

Mode of access: Internet.

A letter to the Right Honourable George Canning on the bill of 1825 : for removing the disqualifications of His Majesty's Roman Catholic subjects /

With this is bound: Phillpotts. A short letter to the Right Honourable George Canning on the present position... London, 1827.

Managing illegal street racing and associated risky driving behaviour : An Australian perspective

Illegal street racing has received increased attention in recent years from the media, governments and road safety professionals. At the same time, there has been a shift from treating illegal street racing as a public nuisance issue to a road safety problem in Australia, as this behaviour now attracts a penalty of increased periods of vehicle impoundment leading to permanent vehicle forfeiture for repeat offences. This severe vehicle sanction is typically applied to repeat drink driving offenders and drivers who breach suspensions and disqualifications in North American jurisdictions, but was first introduced in Australia to deal with illegal street racing and associated risky driving behaviours, grouped together under the label of ‘hooning’ in Australian jurisdictions. This paper describes how Australian jurisdictions are dealing with this issue. The research described in this paper drew on multiple data sources to explore illegal street racing and the management of this issue in Australia. First, the paper reviews the relevant legislation in each Australian state to describe the cross-jurisdictional similarities and differences in approaches. It also describes some results from focus group discussions and a quantitative online survey with drivers who self-report engaging in illegal street racing and associated behaviours in Queensland, Australia. It was found that approaches to dealing with illegal street racing and associated risky driving behaviours in each Australian state are similar, with increasing periods of vehicle impoundment (leading to vehicle forfeiture) applied to repeat hooning offences within prescribed periods. Participants in the focus groups and respondents to the questionnaire generally felt these penalty periods were severe, with perceptions of severity increasing with the length of the penalty period. It was concluded that there is a need for each jurisdiction to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of their vehicle impoundment and forfeiture programs for hooning. These evaluations should compare the relative costs of these programs (e.g., enforcement, unrecovered towing and storage fees, and court costs) to the observed benefits (e.g., reduction in target behaviours, reduction in community complaints, and reduction in the number and severity of associated crashes).

Australian sentencing : principles and practice

Australian Sentencing: Principles and Practice explains the rules, principles, policies and practices that underpin the manner in which people are punished for criminal behaviour in Australia. As well as dealing with sentencing law today, the book provides an extensive analysis of the wider policy, moral, and political consideration which shape sentencing law. It analyses and evaluates existing standards and practices, and suggests how sentencing law should be reformed so that it operates in a fairer, more efficient and effective manner.

Content: Part A: 1. The nature of sentencing and theories of punishment; 2. Plucking figures from the air: the instinctive synthesis; 3. The objectives that are attainable through sentencing; 4. High Court sentencing jurisprudence; Part B: 5. The principle of proportionality; 6. Aggravating factors; 7. Mitigating considerations; 8. The relevance of a guilty plea to sentence; 9. The relevance of prior criminality; 10. Aboriginality; Part C: 11. The nature of criminal sanctions; 12. Imprisonment; 13. Intermediate sanctions; 14. Discharges and bonds, fines and disqualifications; Part D: 15. The way forward ? strategic sentencing.

Handbook for a field research program for driver's license law enforcement. User guidelines and handbook.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume I. Summary. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume II - technical report. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume III - appendices. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Driver licensing - a report to the Secretary of Transportation by the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee.

Mode of access: Internet.

Identification of driver licensing research requirements. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A study of administrative hearings conducted by state driver licensing agencies. Volume I. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

A study of administrative hearings conducted by state driver licensing agencies. Volume II - appendices. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.